稀释液成分对猪精液碱性N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶的影响

以猪精液稀释液主要成分为效应物,研究其对杜洛克猪精液中N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶Ⅱ活力的影响。结果表明：在一定浓度下青霉素钾和硫酸链霉素对酶活力没有影响;EDTA·2Na和维生索C对酶活力有显著的激活作用;葡萄糖和蔗糖对酶活力有先扬后抑的作用;果糖、柠檬酸三钠、三羟甲基氨基甲烷、碳酸氢钠对酶活力则有不同程度的抑制作用;三羟甲基氨基甲烷表现为可逆的非竞争性抑制,抑制常数K1为9．81mmol／L;碳酸氢钠则表现为可逆的混合型抑制,抑制常数K_I和K_ID分别为111．18mmol／L和26．61mmol／L。     

发色剂对中式香肠营养、风味成分的影响

为寻求应用于肉制品加工的亚硝酸盐替代物,以中式香肠为研究对象,从感官评价、营养成分及挥发性风味物质组成探究不同发色剂(试验组1:0.5%甜菜粉+50 mg·kg^-1亚硝酸钠、试验组2:0.1%甜菜粉+0.06%改性血红蛋白、试验组3:100 mg·kg^-1亚硝酸钠)对产品营养和风味品质的影响。结果表明,试验组1和2香肠的外观、色泽和口感与试验组3差异不显著,且均与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);试验组1氨基酸总含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05);试验组2脂肪酸含量相对最高,其中十八碳二烯酸含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);通过风味分析,试验组1、试验组2分别检出27、26种挥发性成分,风味物质种类多于试验组3,其中试验组2醛类、酯类化合物含量相对较高,风味更好。本研究结果为中式香肠加工过程中亚硝酸盐的有效替代,提升中式香肠品质提供了一定的技术指导。     

铁、锌配施对藿香生长、产量及有效成分的影响

为探究铁、锌不同浓度配施对藿香生长、产量及有效成分的影响,以藿香为试验材料,采用双因素随机区组设计,研究铁锌配施对藿香生长、产量、各部位铁锌分配及挥发油含量的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施铁锌肥能显著影响藿香的生长发育、产量和挥发油成分,显著影响藿香的抗氧化酶活性,显著提高淀粉、还原糖、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,通过影响氮代谢相关酶活性间接影响植株氮代谢过程。叶面施铁对藿香产量的影响大于叶面施锌,铁锌配施的增产效果优于单独施用铁、锌肥;综合考虑藿香的生长和产量指标,认为Fe₁Zn₁(0.2%铁,0.1%锌)为铁锌配施的最优处理组合。施用锌铁肥能够增加藿香各部位的铁锌含量,锌在不同部位的含量呈叶>根>茎的变化趋势,铁在不同部位的含量呈根>叶>茎的变化趋势,锌主要集中在藿香叶片,而铁则主要集中在藿香根部。高浓度的叶面施铁有助于叶片Ca含量的累积。铁锌配施能显著提高藿香挥发油含量,并影响挥发油成分,其中D-柠檬烯含量最高,在Fe₁Zn₂处理时达到最大值(22.99%)。综上,合理配施铁锌肥能提高藿香主要化学成分的含量,但过高浓度的施用增产效果并不明显。本研究结果为铁锌肥在藿香生产中的应用提供了理论依据。     

Effects of six carbohydrate sources on dog diet digestibility and post-prandial glucose and insulin response

The effects of six extruded diets with different starch sources (cassava flour, brewer's rice, corn, sorghum, peas or lentils) on dog total tract apparent digestibility and glycemic and insulinemic response were investigated. The experiment was carried out on thirty-six dogs with six dogs per diet in a completely randomized design. The diets containing brewer's rice and cassava flour presented the greatest digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and gross energy (p < 0.05), followed by corn and sorghum; pea and lentil diets had the lowest. Starch digestibility was greater than 98% in all diets and was greater for brewer's rice and cassava flour than for lentils and peas diets (p < 0.05). Dogs' immediate post-prandial glucose and insulin responses (AUC < or = 30 min) were greater for brewer's rice, corn, and cassava flour diets (p < 0.05), and later meal responses (AUC > or = 30 min) were greater for sorghum, lentil and pea diets (p < 0.05). Variations in diet digestibility and post-prandial response can be explained by differences in chemical composition of each starch source including fibre content and starch granule structure. The nutritional particularities of each starch ingredient can be explored through diet formulations designed to modulate glycemic response. However, more studies are required to support these.     

朝鲜蓟的研究进展

朝鲜蓟为菊科多年生草本植物,以花托和肥嫩的苞片为主要食用部位,起源于地中海沿岸和北非。概述了朝鲜蓟的栽培特性、所含生物活性物质与功能性化合物以及朝鲜蓟的主要营养生理功能,并对朝鲜蓟在我国的开发现状和前景进行了展望。     

基于空间差异的新疆沙棘资源果实品质及营养成分分析

为研究空间分布差异性对新疆沙棘资源果实品质及营养成分的影响。以5个县的‘深秋红’‘无刺丰’‘状圆黄’沙棘品种为供试样本,并对供试样本的可溶性固形物、蛋白质、氨基酸、总糖、总酸、维生素C、微量元素、总黄酮、脂肪酸、花青素、β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素含量测定,后进行主成分分析并计算综合得分。13个供试沙棘样品果实中各营养及药用成分均存在不同程度的差异性。青河县沙棘果实综合测试指标比布尔津县综合高出0.93～5.54倍,比哈巴河县综合高出0.90～4.49倍,比乌什县综合高出0.99～13.67倍,比阿合奇县综合高出1.10～4.98倍。青河县沙棘品种‘状圆黄’果实各项品质指标表现最优,综合得分为6.04分;且青河县沙棘资源整体综合得分最高,平均为3.54分。青河县更适宜沙棘的生长发育,种植的沙棘果实品质更为优异,13个供试沙棘样品中青河县‘状圆黄’果实品质最佳。     

汽车主动阻尼减振系统诊断检测研究

在运行与道路试验检测中,若主动阻尼系统发生故障,控制单元可存储并显示故障码,可按代码及症状对控制电路、电器元件实施诊断与检测;若无故障码显示,需多次实施道路试验,使故障显示症兆,研究其症侯,然后对电路及元器件实行诊断检测。     

馈能型车辆主动悬架技术

在车辆底盘悬架系统中,馈能型车辆主动悬架的发展已受到关注,其功能是在提高车辆行驶平顺性的同时尽可能地回收由不平路面激励引起的悬架系统振动能量,以减少主动悬架的能耗.本文首先对近年来馈能型车辆主动悬架的发展和研究进行了全面回顾,然后着重对电磁式馈能悬架进行了总结,最后对电磁式馈能悬架的核心问题进行了分析.随着电磁技术的日趋成熟,电磁式馈能悬架将会具有良好的发展前景.     

Apparent digestibility coefficients of animal and plant feed ingredients for juvenile Pseudobagrus ussuriensis

A study was conducted to determine apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), lipid, gross energy, phosphorus and amino acids (AAs) from Peruvian fish meal (PFM), native fish meal (NFM), meat bone meal (MBM), dried daphnia meal (DDM), soybean meal (SBM), full‐fat soybean (FSBM), cottonseed meals (CSM), rapeseed meal (RSM) and corn gluten meal (CGM) for Pseudobagrus ussuriensis (7.8 ± 0.06 g). Test diets were formulated to contain a 70:30 mixture of reference diet to test ingredient with chromic oxide (5 g kg^–1) serving as the inert marker. ADCs of DM ranged from 49.94% (CGM) to 87.11% (PFM), the highest ADCs of DM were observed in PFM and the lowest was found in CGM. ADCs of CP in the test ingredients ranged from 74.92% (CGM) to 93.41% (SBM). ADCs of crude lipid ranged from 51.80% (CGM) to 94.07% (PFM) for fish. ADCs of energy ranged from 56.42% (CGM) to 90.09% (PFM). ADCs of phosphorus ranged from 21.81% (CSM) to 65.70% (PFM). AA availability for the test ingredients followed a similar pattern to ADCs of CP, in which values for PFM, NFM and MBM were generally higher (p < .05) than those of other protein ingredients. Among all plant meals, the AA availability values in SBM were higher (p < .05) than those in CGM, CSM and RSM. The availability of most AAs in CGM was the lowest (p < .05) among all tested ingredients. In conclusion, PFM and NFM are good sources of available protein and AAs. When fishmeal supply is limited, MBM and DDM are substitutes for fishmeal reduction in P. ussuriensis diets; at the same time, SBM and FSBM are also very acceptable protein feedstuffs. However, CSM, RSM and CGM could not be used at high levels in P. ussuriensis diets because of their inferior digestibilities.     

干旱胁迫下褪黑素对小麦幼苗生长、光合和抗氧化特性的影响

为探究褪黑素对小麦幼苗抗旱性的调节作用,明确褪黑素提高小麦抗旱能力的作用途径,以小麦水地品种西农9871为材料,通过盆栽试验,分析了干旱胁迫下根施褪黑素（100 μmol·L^-1）对小麦幼苗生长、光合特性及活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫抑制了小麦的生长,降低了叶片叶绿素含量、气孔导度、净光合速率及PSⅡ最大光化学效率,导致过氧化氢（H₂O₂）与丙二醛（MDA）积累增加及抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化剂含量升高。在干旱胁迫下根施褪黑素可增加小麦幼苗的生物量和根冠比,维持较高的相对叶片含水量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率及光化学效率,并进一步提高过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及抗坏血酸（ASA）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）的含量,减少了H₂O₂ 与MDA的积累。复水后,根施褪黑素处理的小麦幼苗生长表现出较快的恢复能力。以上结果说明,在干旱胁迫下,褪黑素通过增加根冠比,促进水分吸收,改善叶片的水分状况,并通过增强抗氧化能力,减轻氧化伤害。褪黑素处理的植株表现出较好的水分状况和较轻的氧化伤害,有利于其维持较高的光合能力,从而提高小麦幼苗的抗旱性及恢复生长的能力。