Protective role of propolis against reproductive toxicity of chlorpyrifos in male rats

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is causing different toxicity and propolis has been reported to be an effective antioxidant. Therefore, the present study is aimed to elucidate the possible protective effects of propolis in alleviating the toxicity of chlorpyrifos on reproductive performance, testosterone levels, enzyme activities and lipids profile in serum of male rats. Animals were divided into four groups; one orally administered (o.d.) CPF at a dose of 9 mg/kg b.w. for consecutive 70-days, propolis group (50 mg/kg b.w.), propolis and chlorpyrifos group and a control group. Results showed that there was a correlation between CPF administration and the significant decrease of the sperm counts, spermatozoon survival and testosterone level as well as increase of sperm aberrations. CPF increased significantly the lipid profile and the levels of various serum liver marker enzymes. In contrast, co-administration of propolis to CPF-treated rats restored almost most of these biochemical parameters to normal levels. On the other hand, CPF resulted in histopathological alterations in testes of male rats. However, pre-administration of propolis to CPF-treated animals improved the testicular damage and alleviates the toxic effects of CPF on reproductive functions in male rats.     

Prophylactic effect of green tea polyphenols against liver and kidney injury induced by fenitrothion insecticide

The ameliorative effect of daily administrated dose of green tea extract (60 mg polyphenols/animal/day) was investigated on albino rats Rattus norvegicus (150-180 gm) intoxicated with 1/30 and 1/60 LD₅₀ fenitrothion organophosphate insecticide for 28 days. Blood samples were taken at 14 and 28 days for further biochemical parameters. Histopathological studies were carried out in the liver and kidney at the end of the experiment. Significant inhibition in plasma cholinesterase (ChE), a biomarker of Ops, was recorded. Damage in the liver and kidney tissues was observed and confirmed with elevation of plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotaransferase (AST), albumin, urea and creatinine, as well as an elevation in the oxidative stress (OS) marker malondialdehyde (MDA). Decrease in total glutathione (GSH) content in erythrocytes and fluctuation in glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in plasma was also observed. Green tea supplementation (60 mg/animal/day) partially counteracts the toxic effect of fenitrothion on oxidative stress parameters and repairs tissue damage in the liver and kidney, especially when supplemented to 1/60 LD₅₀ intoxicated animals depending on the duration. It seems that enzyme and metabolite markers of these organs need more time to be restored to the control level.     

原花青素对铁负荷大鼠肝脏功能及TfR2、hepcidin基因表达的影响

为探讨原花青素对铁负荷致大鼠肝损伤的影响,通过监测肝功能、病理切片及转铁蛋白受体-2(TfR2)、铁调素(hepcidin)基因表达,将40只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、原花青素组、铁负荷组和试验组(铁负荷+原花青素)。ICP法辅以肝脏普鲁士蓝染色判别铁负荷大鼠模型是否建立成功;相关试剂盒检测谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)的活性;HE染色观察肝组织形态学变化;Real-Time PCR检测肝组织中TfR2、hepcidin基因表达的变化。与对照组相比,铁负荷组Fe及ALT、AST水平显著升高(P0.05),肝组织结构严重紊乱,hepcidin基因的表达量显著下降(P0.05),TfR2基因的表达无明显差异;原花青素组Fe显著降低(P0.05),ALT、AST水平无显著性变化,肝组织结构正常,TfR2与hepcidin基因的表达量显著下降(P0.05)。与铁负荷组相比,试验组ALT、AST水平显著降低(P0.05),肝组织紊乱程度减轻,Fe含量、TfR2及hepcidin基因的表达量均略降低,但差异无统计学意义。原花青素可以抑制铁的摄入量;在机体铁过载状态下,原花青素抑制铁吸收的能力可以在一定程度上改善肝功能。     

斑节对虾天门冬氨酸转氨酶基因的克隆及氨氮胁迫条件下的表达分析

为了探索天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)在斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)氨氮(NH3-N)解毒代谢中的作用,该研究利用RACE技术获得了斑节对虾AST基因(PmAST)的cDNA全长序列,进行了相关生物信息学分析,在此基础上采用荧光定量与氨氮胁迫实验的方法研究了PmAST基因在斑节对虾的不同组织以及不同浓度氨氮胁迫过程中差异表达情况。该序列全长1 957 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为1 242 bp,3'非编码区(UTR)为584 bp,包括含有30个碱基的poly(A)尾,5'非编码区(UTR)为131 bp。ORF可编码413个氨基酸,预测分子量为45.852 kD,理论等电点为8.85。序列含有1个AAT-like超家族结构域、15个磷酸化位点和2个糖基化位点。PmAST的mRNA在斑节对虾各组织中都有表达,在肝胰腺中表达量最高,其次为鳃组织,在胃和脑组织中的表达量最低。96 h氨氮胁迫后荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,PmAST在肝胰腺和鳃组织中都具有不同程度的表达上调,显著高于对照组(P0.05)。研究结果表明斑节对虾的PmAST基因在氨氮胁迫条件下会出现表达上调,并且氨氮浓度越高其上调幅度也越大,所以PmAST参与了斑节对虾的急性氨氮胁迫应答。     

蛋氨酸为氮、碳源对瘤胃微生物氨基酸代谢的影响

以蛋氨酸作为惟一氮源和碳源,设添加L-蛋氨酸(M et)组(试验组)和不添加L-蛋氨酸组(对照组),在体外培养条件下研究了这2组的瘤胃微生物谷草转氨酶(A ST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性及各氨基酸含量的变化规律。结果表明,添加M et对A ST和ALT活性无明显影响,添加M et后产物中游离甘氨酸(G ly)含量和蛋氨酸(M et)含量较对照极显著增加,培养液中游离半胱氨酸(Cys-s)和丝氨酸(Ser)含量随培养时间的增加而减少(P<0.05),培养16 h培养液中的游离组氨酸(H is)含量较培养8 h显著提高(P<0.05),缬氨酸(V a l)迅速消耗,不能检出。本结果提示,V a l,Cys-s,Ser和H is可能对以M et为惟一氮源和碳源的瘤胃微生物是十分重要的氨基酸。     

菟丝子黄酮及其水煎剂的保肝作用研究

为了研究菟丝子黄酮及水煎剂对慢性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用,为菟丝子作为保肝药物的开发提供依据,利用小剂量CCl4结合乙醇制备慢性肝损伤小鼠模型,造模同时对小鼠灌服不同剂量的菟丝子黄酮及菟丝子水煎剂,试验的第4周末采血,检测血清ALT、AST、SOD活性,并进行肝脏病理学检查.结果表明:菟丝子黄酮和水煎剂均能降低血清ALT、AST水平,提高血清SOD水平,降低肝纤维化.得出结论:菟丝子黄酮和水煎剂对小鼠慢性肝损伤有保护作用,保护效果为大剂量菟丝子黄酮>小剂量菟丝子黄酮>水煎剂.     

黄连饮片制剂的临床安全性研究

目的 对中药饮片制剂黄连的用量配伍及临床安全性进行研究,为临床用药提供参考依据。方法 对本院2014年8月至2016年7月使用黄连饮片的96例患者进行一般资料、用药情况、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、不良反应研究分析对比。结果 96例患者中,54例男性患者,42例女性患者,使用汤剂治疗71例（73.96%）、水丸治疗13例（13.54%）、颗粒治疗8例（8.33%）、粉剂治疗4例（4.17%）;男性患者的黄连日用量明显大于女性患者黄连日用量,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;男性患者的疗程、黄连总用量显著低于女性患者的疗程、黄连总用量,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。96例患者中共有5例患者出现ALT、AST变化,变化率为5.21%;7例出现不良反应,不良反应率为7.29%。结论 使用黄连饮片制剂进行疾病治疗,通常情况下不会出现过多的不良反应,但对于肝功能受损患者,在使用黄连饮片及配伍用药后,ALT、AST水平会出现一定程度升高,临床可据此进行配伍用药,以提高临床治疗的安全性。     

Antitumor activity of Dioscorea bulbifera L. rhizome in vivo

Antitumor activities of water extract (fraction A), ethanol extract (fraction B), ethyl acetate extract (fraction C), non-ethyl acetate extract (fraction D) and compound diosbulbin B isolated from Dioscorea bulbifera L. (DB) were investigated in vivo in this present study. The results showed that fractions B and C both decreased tumor weight in S180 and H22 tumor cells bearing mice, while fractions A and D had no such effect. Furthermore, fraction C altered the weight of spleen and thymus, and the amounts of total leukocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils in tumor-bearing mice. Further results showed that compound diosbulbin B demonstrated anti-tumor effects in the dose-dependent manner at the dosage of 2 to 16 mg/kg without significant toxicity in vivo. Furthermore, on the basis of chemical analysis of the above extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a diode array detector (DAD), diosbulbin B was found to be the major antitumor bioactive component of DB. These results suggest that DB has potential anti-tumor effects which may be related to influencing the immune system for the first time, and the compound diosbulbin B is the major antitumor component of DB.     

Circadian and seasonal variability and influence of sex and race on eight clinical chemistry parameters in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus, Shaw 1805)

The aim of the study was to investigate if there is a clinically relevant influence of daytime or season and if there are sex-dependant differences in some frequently determined clinical chemistry parameters. The study was performed with 99 1.5- to 2-year old healthy budgerigars of three races. A harmonic regression analysis was performed taking into account linear and cyclic trends over the year. Correlations were investigated by the calculation of Spearman correlation coefficients. Summarizing, it can be said that some circadian, seasonal, as well as sex- and race-dependant influences have been shown. However, although the differences are statistically significant, they were too small to have an impact on clinical decision making. As clinical chemistry results are in practice independent from the influence factors investigated, their meaning and use as a diagnostic tool is further substantiated.     

斑点免疫金渗滤法检测鸭肝炎病毒的研究

用胶体金标记提纯后的兔抗鸭肝炎病毒（ＤＨＶ）ＩｇＧ，建立了一种以微孔滤膜为固相载体，以红色胶体金为标记物的检测ＤＨＶ的斑点免疫金渗滤法（ＤＩＧＦＡ），并确定了最佳试验条件。该法既可定性，亦可定量，对纯化ＤＨＶ的最小检测量为４．１２ｎｇ／点，其敏感性为抗原斑点试验（ＡＳＴ）的２倍。特异性阻断试验和交叉反应试验证明ＤＩＧＦＡ检测ＤＨＶ具有较高的特异性。对ＤＨＶ鸡胚尿囊液ＤＩＧＦＡ法检出率为１００％。ＤＩＧＦＡ和ＡＳＴ法对３６份临床样本检测阳性率分别为８３．３％和７５％，其阳性符合率为８６．７％。随机抽样的６份ＤＩＧＦＡ阳性肝脏样本经人工发病试验后电镜检查，均发现大量直径３０～４０ｎｍ的病毒粒子。实验结果表明，ＤＩＧＦＡ法是一种微量、敏感、特异、快速、简便的检测ＤＨＶ方法。