Algal Lectins as Potential HIV Microbicide Candidates

The development and use of topical microbicides potentially offers an additional strategy to reduce the spread of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs) that show specificity for high mannose carbohydrates on the surface of the heavily glycosylated envelope of HIV are endowed with potent anti-HIV activity. In fact, a number of algal lectins such as cyanovirin-N, microvirin, microcystis viridis lectin, scytovirin, Oscillatoria agardhii agglutinin and griffithsin are considered as potential microbicide candidates to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV through topical applications. They not only inhibit infection of cells by cell-free virus but they can also efficiently prevent virus transmission from virus-infected cells to uninfected CD4(+) target T-lymphocytes and DC-SIGN-directed capture of HIV-1 and transmission to CD4(+) T lymphocytes. This review focuses on the structural properties and carbohydrate specificity of these algal lectins, their antiviral activity against HIV and several other enveloped viruses, their safety profile and viral resistance patterns.     

加工兼鲜食型杧果新品种桂‘热杧120号’选育研究

‘桂热杧120号’是从黄象牙杧实生树选出的加工兼鲜食型杧果新品种。在南宁市,3月中旬至4月中旬开花,8月上旬果实成熟。果实长椭圆形,果皮绿色,单果重320g,阳面浅紫红色;成熟果皮橙黄色,果肉黄色,纤维极少,肉质坚实细腻,味清甜,果汁中等,可溶性固形物含量17．8％一20．4％,总酸含量0．26％,β-胡萝卜素含量33．9mg·（100g）^-1,可食率73．3％,果肉出浆率65．4％,品质好,较耐贮运,鲜食、加工皆宜。     

农抗120和百菌清对辣椒炭疽病菌联合毒力的测定

在室内用平皿菌落直径法测定了农抗120、百菌清及其4种不同配比的混剂对辣椒炭疽菌的菌丝抑制作用和毒力。结果表明,农抗120和百菌清对辣椒炭疽病菌EC50值是2777．2mg／L和1090．7mg／L,农抗120的毒力小于百菌清;农抗120与百菌清以4：1～8：1混配增效系数(SR)为2．04～3．93,具有显著的增效作用,其中农抗120与百菌清6：1增效系数最大,达3．93,为最佳配比;农抗120与百菌清6：1混配对9种植物病原真菌的平均抑菌率为84．4％,显著高于农抗120的75．5％和百菌清的66．0％。     

Neutrophilic myeloperoxidase index and mean light absorbance in neonatal septic and nonseptic foals

Background: Two neutrophilic indices reported by the ADVIA 120 Hematology Analyzer, neutrophilic myeloperoxidase index (MPXI), and mean light absorbance (neutrophil X mean [NXM]) have been proposed as indicators of systemic inflammatory disease in horses and of neutrophil activation in coronary ischemic syndromes in people. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate NXM and MPXI in healthy, sick nonseptic, and sick septic foals to determine whether conditions likely associated with neutrophil activation result in decreases in these variables. Methods: In this retrospective study, CBC data from 61 neonatal foals presented to the Equine Teaching Hospital of Barcelona were evaluated for correlations between MPXI, NXM, percentage of large unstained cells, neutrophil count, and percentage of band neutrophils. Results obtained in septic (n=32), sick nonseptic (n=22), and healthy foals (n=7) were compared. In addition, results recorded in septic/neutropenic (n=12), septic/non‐neutropenic (n=20), nonseptic/neutropenic (n=8), nonseptic/non‐neutropenic (n=14), and healthy foals (n=7) were also compared. Results: A weak negative correlation was found between MPXI and neutrophil count and between NXM and percentage of band neutrophils. Septic/neutropenic foals had significantly higher MPXI values (median 17.9, minimum–maximum 4.7–42.5) than did septic/non‐neutropenic (1.5, ?24.4 to 22.3), nonseptic/neutropenic (6.6, 0.6–17.9), and nonseptic/non‐neutropenic foals (8.8, ?10.1 to 16.8) but did not differ significantly from controls (12.8, ?8.5 to 20.4). Conclusions: Significant differences in NXM or MPXI were not found when disease groups were compared with controls; however, septic/neutropenic foals had significantly higher median MPXI than other groups of sick foals. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify if this finding is related to decreased neutrophil function or activation in septic/neutropenic foals.     

生物药剂防治苹果树腐烂病的田间试验

河南省自1987年开始在孟县、卢氏等县265亩苹果园中进行生物药剂治疗苹果树腐烂病的试验示范。以刮皮法和划刻法用农抗120、S-921和843康复剂涂抹病疤,一年后在发病季节调查。以刮皮法用农抗120处理的病疤,治愈率达100％,无一复发。以划刻法用农抗120处理的病疤治愈率为78-90％,以S-921和843康复剂处理的治疗效果达100％。作者认为这些生物药剂可取代福美砷治疗苹果树腐烂病。     

农抗120对西瓜枯萎病作用方式的研究

田间试验表明生物杀菌剂农抗１２０对西瓜枯萎病具有一定的防治效果。本文对其防病机理进行了初步研究。室内毒力测定表明：２％农抗１２０水剂对其菌丝生长具有明显的抑制作用，同时还可以抑制小孢子的萌发，ＥＣ５０为２２２．８６μｇ／ｋｇ。用它浸种、灌根或喷雾后可明显促进西瓜幼苗生长，并提高了植物体内过氧化物酶活性和叶绿素含量，从而增加了植株的耐病性。     

BR-120在番茄上的应用效果

对盆栽加拿大8号番茄在第1花序开花期喷施0．05×10－6、0.02×10-6的BR－120液，观察其在番茄上的应用效果。结果表明，BR—120能促进番茄生长，提高叶绿素含量，促进光合作用，但作用期较短，施后7d（天）效果最为明显，15d（天）后作用基本消失，能提高座果率和产量。     

农抗120防治西瓜枯萎病菌的室内药效实验

实验室内观察农抗120(500ppm)不能完全抑制西瓜枯萎病菌孢子萌发,但萌发的菌丝出现变形现象(菌体原生质凝集,内含物清晰可见),直接抑病效果比双效灵(2000ppm)差(25℃培养7天抑菌半径差8毫米),但两者都能使西瓜枯萎病菌变形生长。农抗120(100ppm)对土壤中的西瓜枯萎病菌的抑制作用比双效灵(500ppm)强。其预防作用大于治疗作用。     

农约“农抗120”田间应用技术研究

研究了农药“农抗120”对枯萎病的作用方式,认为以浸种和灌根方法使药剂进入植物体,可显著降低枯萎病的发病率,并据此研究了防治瓜、菜枯萎病的关键技术.通过田间试验,提出了对果树腐烂病、作物叶部病害等不同类型病害的防治策略和技术.