竹子填料海水曝气生物滤器除氮性能

生物滤器是循环水养殖系统的关键水处理单元,主要用于去除水体中水溶性的氮化物.采用人工模拟海水养殖废水,在系统运行的水力停留时间HRT为1h,水温为18～25 ℃,气水比为3∶1,初始C/N＝3∶1,pH为8.05～8.53条件下,对竹子填料浸没式生物滤器的挂膜过程和稳定运行阶段系统去除氨氮的运行特性,以及挂膜过程中的硝化细菌群落变化进行了实验研究.结果表明,在较低的NH+4-N浓度条件下,采用竹子填料的生物滤器有较快的挂膜速度,挂膜成功后滤料表面上生长的氨氧化细菌和亚硝酸氧化细菌的数量分别为4.5×105、1.5×105(光面)和1.1×106 CFU/ml(粗面).具有较高且稳定的氨氮去除效果,氨氮去除效率达到80%,出水浓度小于0.06 mg/L,满足海水循环养殖系统中的应用要求.     

犬种布氏菌地方株的DNA中G Cmol%测定

首次利用热变性法对9株地方犬种布氏菌DNA的G C含量进行了测定,同时以2株国际标准株为对照。G C mol％值在56.6～58.4范围内,与文献报道的犬种布氏菌和我们所用的2株标准株所得的G C mol％值是一致的。各株菌经常规检定、噬菌体裂解试验、血清学检查所得的结果均符合于犬种布氏菌的特性。说明本试验测定的G C mol％值代表了犬种布氏菌的DNA分子结构比值。为我国地方菌种、特别是粗糙型布氏菌的检定提供了一个新的方法。此外,对传统的DNA提取法进行了改进,使之更便于本试验的要求。     

不同有机肥料中氮素的矿化特性研究

通过好氧培养试验,对不同有机肥中NO3--N与NH4+-N的矿化特性进行了研究。结果表明,鸡粪和猪粪培养10 d后、牛粪培养30 d后,NO3--N矿化率快速提高,使土壤NO3--N含量上升;鸡粪堆肥培养10 d后、牛粪堆肥和猪粪堆肥培养60 d后,矿化率开始上升。经过堆肥处理的有机肥NO3--N矿化率明显低于未堆肥产品,而且矿化高峰期延迟。培养90 d后NO3--N矿化率趋缓,培养120 d后NO3--N的矿化率分别为:鸡粪42.6%、牛粪24.0%、猪粪22.6%、鸡粪堆肥23.4%、牛粪堆肥16.0%、猪粪堆肥18.0%。随培养期延长,施肥土壤NH4+-N含量迅速下降,培养5 d时低于对照土壤、15 d后接近或略高于对照土壤。施用有机肥可增加土壤NO3--N含量,对NH4+-N含量的影响较小。     

平阳霉素对花生体细胞胚胎发生的影响

本文对花生离体培养高频率体细胞胚(体胚)诱导方法,及平阳霉素(PYM)对体胚发生的抑制作用进行了研究,旨在为以PYM作为化学诱变剂进行花生离体诱变提供有效方法.以花生品种花育20号和花育22号成熟种子的胚小叶为外植体,在添加不同浓度2,4-D(0,5,10,15,20mg/L)的MSB5(MS无机盐+B5有机成分)培养...     

不同绵羊群体BMP4基因多态性与产羔数关系分析

以BMP4基因为候选基因,采用PCR-SSCP方法,分析了小尾寒羊和无角陶赛特及其杂交F1代、F2代的BMP4基因的不同基因型频率,并对该位点不同基因型与产羔数之间的关系进行了分析。结果显示:小尾寒羊BB、B+、++基因型频率分别是1.0%、29.7%、69.2%;无角陶赛特BB、B+、++型频率分别为0、80.8%、19.2%;陶寒F1代BB、B+、++基因型频率分别为5.3%、39.4%、55.3%;陶寒F2代BB、B+、++型基因型频率分别为0、5.0%、95.0%。小尾寒羊的基因型++、B+、BB平均产羔数分别为(1.00±0.00)、(1.67±0.11)、(2.40±0.13),经χ2检验,差异极显著(P<0.01);陶寒F1代的基因型++、B+、BB平均产羔数分别为(2.00±0.00)、(2.45±0.53)、(2.00±0.00),经χ2检验,++、BB组与B+组的平均产羔数间的差异极显著(P<0.01);B基因不能提高无角陶塞特母羊产羔数。     

Involvement of TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome in contrast medium-induced inflammation and injury in renal tubular epithelial cells

AIM: To investigate whether Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome were involved in contrast medium (CM)-induced inflammation and injury in renal tubular epithelial cells. METHODS: Iopromide was used to injure NRK-52E cells in the study. The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. The protein levels of TLR4, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speckle-like protein (ASC), caspase-1 and cleaved caspase-3 were determined by Western blot. The releases of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 were detected by ELISA. The apoptotic rate was evaluated by Hoechst staining, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was analyzed by JC-1 staining. siRNA was transfected into the NRK-52E cells to silence NLRP3 expression. RESULTS: CM decreased the viability of NRK-52E cells (P<0.05). CM also elevated the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, TLR4, NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-18 (P<0.05). Silencing NLRP3 attenuated CM-induced releases of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, treatment with TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 or knockdown of NLRP3 by siRNA transfection both attenuated cell apoptosis and loss of MMP caused by CM. CONCLUSION: TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome takes part in the pathogenesis of CM-induced acute kidney injury, and mediates CM-induced injury and inflammation in renal tubular epithelial cells.     

Microbial use of organic amendments in saline soils monitored by changes in the C/C ratio

An incubation experiment was carried out to investigate whether salinity at high pH has negative effects on microbial substrate use, i.e. the mineralization of the amendment to CO₂ and inorganic N and the incorporation of amendment C into microbial biomass C. In order to exploit natural differences in the ¹³C/¹²C ratio, substrate from two C₄ plants, i.e. highly decomposed and N-rich sugarcane filter cake and less decomposed N-poor maize leaf straw, were added to two alkaline Pakistani soils differing in salinity, which had previously been cultivated with C₃ plants. In soil 1, the additional CO₂ evolution was equivalent to 65% of the added amount in the maize straw treatment and to 35% in the filter cake treatment. In the more saline soil 2, the respective figures were 56% and 32%. The maize straw amendment led to an identical immobilization of approximately 48 μg N g⁻¹ soil over the 56-day incubation in both soils compared with the control soils. In the filter cake treatment, the amount of inorganic N immobilized was 8.5 μg N g⁻¹ higher in soil 1 than in soil 2 compared with the control soils. In the control treatment, the content of microbial biomass C₃-C in soil 1 was twice that in soil 2 throughout the incubation. This fraction declined by about 30% during the incubation in both soils. The two amendments replaced initially similar absolute amounts of the autochthonous microbial biomass C, i.e. 50% of the original microbial biomass C in soil 1 and almost 90% in soil 2. The highest contents of microbial biomass C₄-C were equivalent to 7% (filter cake) and 11% (maize straw) of the added C. In soil 2, the corresponding values were 14% lower. Increasing salinity had no direct negative effects on microbial substrate use in the present two soils. Consequently, the differences in soil microbial biomass contents are most likely caused indirectly by salinity-induced reduction in plant growth rather than directly by negative effects of salinity on soil microorganisms.     

Exendin-4 improves resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection in diabetic db/db mice

The incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing among companion animals. This disease has similar characteristics in both humans and animals. Diabetes is frequently identified as an independent risk factor for infections associated with increased mortality. In the present study, homozygous diabetic (db/db) mice were infected with Listeria (L.) monocytogenes and then treated with the anti-diabetic drug exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue. In aged db/db mice, decreased CD11b⁺ macrophage populations with higher lipid content and lower phagocytic activity were observed. Exendin-4 lowered high lipid levels and enhanced phagocytosis in macrophages from db/db mice infected with L. monocytogenes. Exendin-4 also ameliorated obesity and hyperglycemia, and improved ex vivo bacteria clearance by macrophages in the animals. Liver histology examined during L. monocytogenes infection indicated that abscess formation was much milder in exendin-4-treated db/db mice than in the control animals. Moreover, mechanistic studies demonstrated that expression of ATP binding cassette transporter 1, a sterol transporter, was higher in macrophages isolated from the exendin-4-treated db/db mice. Overall, our results suggest that exendin-4 decreases the risk of infection in diabetic animals by modifying the interaction between intracellular lipids and phagocytic macrophages.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP4蛋白B细胞表位的初步筛选

GP4蛋白是猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)的次要结构蛋白,在病毒的复制与侵染中起重要作用。通过合成GP4蛋白的重叠多肽,采用间接ELISA、dot-ELISA的方法对GP4蛋白的B细胞表位进行初步筛选,得到1个免疫显性肽段Ⅰ(50) SCLRHGDSSSPTIRKSS (67),并对其抗体水平进行测定,为PRRSV的抗体检测及其新型表位疫苗的研究奠定基础。     

营养液铵硝比对砂培韭菜生长及硝酸盐含量的影响

[目的]研究不同铵硝比营养液对韭菜生长及硝酸盐含量的影响。[方法]2008～2009年,对日光温室内砂培的2年生韭菜,分别浇施总氮量相同、铵硝比为0∶100,15∶85,30∶70,45∶55和60∶40的营养液。[结果]提高营养液铵硝比不仅大幅度降低了韭菜硝酸盐含量,而且显著地提高了春季韭菜的总产量。铵硝混合营养处理的韭菜硝酸盐含量极显著低于纯硝营养,铵硝比60∶40和45∶55处理的韭菜硝酸盐含量最低,均比纯硝营养降低了59.8%;铵硝比45∶55和30∶70处理的韭菜总产量显著高于纯硝营养,分别增产22.4%和14.0%。铵硝比对单茬韭菜产量的影响因收获时期不同而异,增铵对提高第1茬产量的作用最大、对第3茬无明显作用。[结论]45∶55和30∶70是适合韭菜砂培的营养液铵硝比。