5株海洋微藻伴生细菌的分离鉴定与功能分析

[目的]研究水产养殖中常用的4种海洋微藻在粗放培养过程中所伴生的主要细菌。[方法]采用平板涂布的方法成功分离到5株可培养的海洋细菌,利用16S rRNA基因序列的通用引物对单克隆菌落进行PCR扩增,所得PCR产物经测序和Genbank比对后,采用邻位相接法构建了系统进化树,并对其种属关系进行了分析。[结果]研究表明,5株海洋细菌分属于α-proteobacteria和γ-proteobacteria两大类别。根据16S rRNA基因序列的种属关系分析,5株海洋细菌分属于Porphyrobacter、Devosia、Ponticoccus、Marinobacter和Roseobacter5个属。根据其相近种的生理生化特征推断,这些伴生细菌在分解微藻胞外产物为微藻提供无机营养盐和分泌促生长因子促进微藻的生长等方面可能发挥着重要作用。[结论]在实际的微藻饵料培养过程中,应注意保留这些有益的伴生细菌。     

鸡源鲍氏志贺菌的RAPD分析

【目的】确定鸡源鲍氏志贺菌的进化地位。【方法】选用6条随机引物(P1~P6),采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术,对1株鸡源鲍氏志贺菌、2株鸡白痢沙门菌、2株鸡肠致病性大肠杆菌和2株痢疾志贺菌共7株菌的基因组DNA进行分析,同时对个别特殊序列进行克隆测序,并在此基础上分析了鸡源鲍氏志贺菌与其他15个相关菌株的进化关系。【结果】6条随机引物中有4条引物(P1,P2,P4和P6)能较好地在志贺菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌和鸡致病性大肠杆菌3种菌中检测到多态性分子标记;这4条有效引物共扩增出了64个DNA片段,其中7个菌株共有的谱带有3条,多态性片段有61条,多态率达95.3%。引物P2可根据扩增图谱将志贺菌和大肠杆菌与沙门菌鉴别出来;用引物P6对上述7株细菌进行扩增,发现同种菌株间谱带特别相似,其中鸡鲍氏志贺菌与人痢疾志贺菌扩增条带的相同率达66.7%,与鸡肠致病性大肠杆菌扩增条带的相同率达44.4%,而鸡白痢沙门菌与志贺菌的扩增谱带相差甚远,可用于3种细菌的鉴别。对扩增片段进行的测序及进化分析结果显示,鸡源鲍氏志贺菌与人源志贺菌的进化距离最近。【结论】鸡源鲍氏志贺菌可能是人源志贺菌的一个变异株或新的亚种。     

乌桕根皮醇提物萃取部位抗猪大肠杆菌活性分析

[目的]探讨乌桕根皮醇提物各部位对猪大肠杆菌4种血清型的抗菌活性。[方法]用95%乙醇80℃回流提取乌桕根皮,将醇提液浓缩后依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,最后得到萃余的水相,测试各部位的抗菌活性。[结果]醇提物的石油醚部位、正丁醇部位和水部位没有抑制作用,乙酸乙酯部位对血清型K88F、41和987P具有抑制效果,而对血清型K99无效。因此,用中药材防治猪大肠杆菌疾病时,应该考虑到血清型差异。[结论]乌桕根皮提取物可以在一定程度上防治大肠杆菌引起的猪病。     

Breeding of tetra null soybean (Glycine max) for lipoxygenase,kunitz trypsin inhibitor,lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins

Soybean seed includes various bioactive substances. Also, they contain a variety of antinutritional factors including lipoxygenase, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI), lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins. The genetic removal of these proteins will improve the nutritional value of soybean seed. The objective of this research was to breed new soybean with tetra recessive alleles (lox1lox2lox3/lox1lox2lox3‐ti/ti‐le/le‐cgy1/cgy1) for lipoxygenase, KTI, lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins. Seven parents were used to breed tetra null strain. SDS‐PAGE and Western blot analysis were used to determine the presence or absence of lipoxygenase, 7S α' subunit, KTI, and lectin proteins in mature seed. Tetra null soybean line has a purple flower, determinate growth habit, tan pod, and yellow seed coat colour. Stem height of the breeding line was 62.3 cm. The 100‐seed weight of the breeding line was 27.1 g and yield (t/ha) was 2.84. This is the first soybean strain with lox1lox2lox3/lox1lox2lox3‐ti/ti‐le/le‐cgy1/cgy1 genotype (absence of lipoxygenase, KTI, lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins).     

苎麻木质纤维高效降解菌的分离与鉴定

利用羧甲基纤维素钠培养基,从腐烂苎麻秆堆中分离到1株高效纤维降解细菌,形态学观察结合16S r RNA基因分子鉴定。结果表明,该菌属于蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),发酵进行产酶的最适温度和p H分别为42℃和7.0,在该条件下,于100 m L发酵体系中发酵降解苎麻纤维,发酵96 h后纤维素酶活力达到最高值24.3 U/m L,发酵8 d后其纤维降解率为45.1%。     

皱纹盘鲍4个群体与九孔鲍16S rRN A基因遗传差异分析

采用PCR方法扩增了皱纹盘鲍（4个群体）和九孔鲍（1个群体）共5个群体（53个样本）16S rRNA基因片段（16S）,测序获得了1000 bp核苷酸序列,其中669 bp核苷酸序列用于遗传差异分析,旨在评估我国皱纹盘鲍不同群体间及其与九孔鲍间的遗传差异。从52个序列中共检测到17种单倍型,其中皱纹盘鲍4个群体有13种单倍型,九孔鲍1个群体（9个样本）有4种单倍型。单倍型核苷酸序列比对显示,变异位点占比对位点的20．5％,基于单倍型的皱纹盘鲍4个群体间的遗传距离为0．002～0．011,平均为0．005;九孔鲍群体内的平均遗传距离为0．004,两种鲍间的平均遗传距离为0．218;两种鲍间的遗传分化系数 F‐统计量 FST平均为0．982,皱纹盘鲍4群体间的 FST值为0．0051～0．0065。本研究显示2种鲍群体内16S变异很小。系统发育分析鲍属11种鲍的聚类关系,显示皱纹盘鲍与盘鲍、日本鲍交叉聚为一支,九孔鲍与杂色鲍也交叉聚为一支,4个种类未聚成单系支。     

PLC特性及其在碱回收系统中的应用设计

介绍了s7—400PLC的主要特性以及该系统的实现,重点给出了系统的下位机硬件和软件设计,并结合佳木斯造纸厂碱回收系统的设计讨论了PLC的应用。     

Density separation of soil organic matter across three land uses in calcareous soils of Iran

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of physical and chemical fractionation in quantifying soil organic matter (SOM) in different stabilized fraction pools. Soil samples from three land use types in Lorestan province, Southwest Iran were examined to account for the amount of organic carbon and nitrogen in different SOM fractions. Size/density separation and chemical oxidation methods were applied to separate the SOM fractions including particulate organic matter (POM), Si + C (silt and clay), DOC (dissolved organic C), rSOM (oxidation-resistant organic carbon and nitrogen) and S + SA (sand and stable aggregates). The values obtained for TOC, TN, and HWC were highest in forest lands followed by the range and agricultural lands. Among the SOM fractions, S + SA showed the highest values (5.75, 5.77 and 20.6 g kg^?1 for agriculture, range and forest lands respectively) followed by POM, Si + C, rSOM, and DOC. The concentrations of C and N in the labile fractions obtained the higher values than in the stabilized fractions. Forest lands had the highest amounts of organic C and N among all fractions whereas agricultural lands showed highest values for inorganic C content of soils in different fractions.     

巴西橡胶树核糖体蛋白S6基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

核糖体蛋白S6是核糖体蛋白家族的重要成员,在核糖体中发挥重要作用。利用农业部橡胶生物学重点开放实验室获得的部分序列设计引物,采用3-′RACE技术从巴西橡胶树胶乳中获得一个核糖体蛋白S6基因的完整阅读框,该基因编码249个氨基酸的多肽,含有一个典型的真核生物核糖体蛋白S6结构域。在HbRPS6氨基酸序列中没有预测到跨膜区和信号肽,二级结构分析表明：HbRPS6属于混合型蛋白。对10个RPS6系统进化分析表明：巴西橡胶树的RPS6基因在进化上具有保守性,与植物类玉米的RPS5基因亲缘关系最近,而与动物和酵母的亲缘关系相对较远。该基因的克隆和生物信息学分析为深入研究其功能奠定了基础。