IGF2基因表达调控及其遗传变异在动物生长发育中的研究进展

胰岛素样生长因子2（insulin-like growth factor 2,IGF2）作为胰岛素类激素家族中重要成员之一,广泛参与机体众多生理代谢过程,在癌症发生、神经调节、糖代谢疾病、骨质疏松、肌肉发育和脂肪沉积等方面具有重要的作用,其功能行使主要通过与受体IGF1R和IGF2R结合或与胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白IGFBPs和IGF2BPs竞争性结合发挥功能。鉴于IGF2基因在肌肉发育和脂肪沉积中的重要作用,发掘IGF2基因相关分子标记并解析其内在调控机理,在畜牧生产中具有重要的意义。研究发现,众多IGF2基因遗传变异与动物的生长发育之间存在显著相关关系,其可能通过影响IGF2基因印记、甲基化状态、转录因子结合或miRNA靶向结合型转录后调控等方式发挥作用。因此,文章综述了IGF2基因表达调控模式,包括IGF2与其受体的调控关系,基因印记与miRNA参与的表观遗传调控,转录因子对其的调节作用,遗传变异等方面的内容,以期为IGF2基因在动物生长发育调控相关研究中提供相应的借鉴,为分子育种提供有效线索。     

基于Cap蛋白研制的猪圆环病毒2型疫苗研究进展

猪圆环病毒相关疾病(PCVAD)是危害世界养猪业的主要疫病之一,主要由猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)引起。该病毒可引起感染猪免疫系统的破坏,造成严重的免疫抑制,继而引发多种病毒/细菌的混合感染与继发感染,给世界养猪业造成了巨大经济损失。近年来疫苗免疫接种是防控PCVAD的有效手段,由于衣壳蛋白(capside,Cap)是PCV-2的主要免疫保护性抗原,因此常被用作研制PCV-2基因工程疫苗的理想靶抗原。论文就PCV-2Cap蛋白基因工程疫苗的研究进展进行综述,以期为今后PCV-2新型疫苗的研究提供参考。     

Effects of Wnt10b on dermal papilla cells via the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway in the Angora rabbit

Wnt10b is a member of Wnt family that plays a variety of roles in biological functions, including those in the development of hair follicles. To investigate the effect of Wnt10b on hair growth in the Angora rabbit and to determine the underlying molecular mechanism, we cultured dermal papilla (DP) cells with exogenous Wnt10b in vitro. We observed the expressions of downstream critical gene β‐catenin and lymphoid enhancer‐binding factor 1 (LEF1) in Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. The levels of β‐catenin mRNA and protein were higher in the Wnt10b group of DP cells than in the Control group, and the mRNA level of LEF1 in the Wnt10b group was higher than in the Control group. Moreover, translocation of β‐catenin from cytoplasm to nucleus was activated in the Wnt10b group. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of the hair follicle‐regulatory genes, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the protein activity of ALP was also upregulated in the Wnt10b group compared to their corresponding levels in the Control group. These data suggest that Wnt10b could activate the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway to induce DP cells in the Angora rabbit. In addition, the proliferation of DP cells was significantly promoted when cultured with Wnt10b for 48 and 72 hr, suggesting that Wnt10b plays a pivotal role in the proliferation and maintenance of DP cells in vitro. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Wnt10b may promote hair follicle growth in Angora rabbit through the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway that promotes the proliferation of DP cells.     

野黄芩苷抗肠出血大肠杆菌感染作用

为了更好的分析野黄芩苷对肠出血性大肠杆菌(enterohemorrhage E.coli,EHEC)感染的保护作用,本研究通过原核表达,亲和层析的方法纯化志贺毒素(Stx),利用细胞表型,通过LDH方法检测野黄芩苷对Stx活性的抑制作用。32 mg/L的野黄芩苷对Stx的抑制率为67%。通过动物试验,发现野黄芩苷对Stx中毒小鼠具有显著的保护作用,其保护率为70%。本研究中,我们筛选到了一种常用的中药黄酮类化合物,野黄芩苷可显著降低stx2引起的细胞死亡,同时有效抑制肠出血。基于以上结果,野黄芩苷可以作为抗Stx的潜在化合物。     

Practical capability of a DNA pool‐based genome‐wide association study using BovineSNP50 array in a cattle population

Genome‐wide association mapping for complex traits in cattle populations is a powerful, but expensive, selection tool. The DNA pooling technique can potentially reduce the cost of genome‐wide association studies. However, in DNA pooling design, the additional variance generated by pooling‐specific errors must be taken into account. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate factors such as: (i) the accuracy of allele frequency estimation; (ii) the magnitude of errors in pooling construction and in the array; and (iii) the effect of the number of replicate arrays on P‐values estimated by a genome‐wide association study. Results showed that the Illumina correction method is the most effective method to correct the allele frequency estimation; pooling errors, especially array variance, should be taken into account in DNA pooling design; and the risk of a type I error can be reduced by using at least two replicate arrays. These results indicate the practical capability and cost‐effectiveness of pool‐based genome‐wide association studies using the BovineSNP50 array in a cattle population.     

表达O型口蹄疫病毒P1-2A-3C基因的山羊痘病毒弱毒株的构建及筛选

为构建和筛选表达O型口蹄疫病毒P1-2A-3C基因的山羊痘病毒弱毒株,用已构建的口蹄疫病毒O/Chi-na99毒株的EGFP-P7.5-P1-2A-3C基因整体通过平末端连接到KpnⅠ酶切后的线性载体pUC119-TK中,得到重组载体pUC119-TK-EGFP-P7.5-P1-2A-3C。重组载体通过缺失的TK基因与羊痘病毒弱毒株在BHK-21细胞中同源重组,用EGFP作为标记筛选出重组毒株,并进行PCR鉴定、抗原捕获ELISA试验检测及Western blot分析。结果显示该重组弱毒株能在1~10代BHK-21细胞中稳定传代,扩增出约3000bp片段,并经测序确证为基因P1-2A-3C;抗原捕获ELISA试验检测均为阳性;Western blot分析表明转移载体pUC119-TK-EGFP-P7.5-P1-2A-3C在感染的GTPV AV41BHK-21细胞中表达的蛋白可被O型FMDV高免血清特异性识别,并具有反应原性。这些结果表明获得了表达O型口蹄疫病毒P1-2A-3C基因的重组山羊痘弱毒株。     

Perineal analgesic actions of epidural clonidine in cattle

Objective To determine the analgesic, sedative, motor, cardiac and respiratory effects of epidural clonidine in cattle. Study design Prospective randomized study. Animal population Six healthy male cattle weighing between 236 and 365 kg. Methods To investigate the effect of epidural clonidine, the animals received 2 and 3 µg kg^?1 of clonidine diluted to 8 mL with 0.9% saline. Two treatments were utilized as controls. The animals from the first control treatment received 2% lidocaine (0.4 mg kg^?1) and those from the second received an equal volume of 0.9% saline. Each animal received each treatment in random order. Evaluations of analgesia, sedation, muscle relaxation, heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature were obtained at 0 (basal), 2, 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes after epidural injection, and then at 30‐minute intervals until loss of analgesia occurred. All the animals received a standard noxious stimulus consisting of needle insertion into the skin and deep muscle; a 4‐point scale was used to score the response. A second scale was used to score sedation and a third for muscle relaxation. Results Both doses of clonidine were effective in producing analgesia of the tail, perineum, and upper hindlimb. Complete analgesia was present before (mean ± SE = 9 ± 4 vs. 19 ± 9 minutes) and lasted longer (311 ± 33 vs. 192 ± 27 minutes) for the 3 µg kg^?1versus the 2 µg kg^?1 dose, respectively. A dose‐dependent sedative effect of clonidine was also observed, with a peak effect between 60 and 180 minutes. No effects on heart or respiratory rates were observed with either dose of clonidine. Conclusions Epidural administration of 2 and 3 µg kg^?1 of clonidine in cattle in this study provided bilateral perineal analgesia/anesthesia with a dose‐dependent onset and duration of action. Clinical relevance Further studies are required to determine whether the analgesia is sufficient for surgery.     

南阳牛IGF2基因第2外显子多态性及其与生长发育相关性研究

以126头纯种南阳黄牛为研究材料，利用PCR-RFLPs技术对胰岛素样生长因子2（IGF2）第2外显子的多态性及其与生长发育的相关性进行了分析。结果表明：南阳牛在该位点的遗传多态性丰富。检测到2种等位基因A和B，频率分别为0．6865和0．3135，A等位基因在群体中是优势等位基因；BB型个体的6、12、18、24月龄体斜长和胸围，12、18和24月龄的坐骨端宽，初生、6月龄和24月龄体重等体征性状显著地优于AA型；6月龄体斜长、12月龄的胸围、18月龄和24月龄坐骨端宽也显著优于杂合型。初步推断JGF2基因是非常有价值的辅助选择标记，可为南阳牛肉用型方向选择提供理论依据。