基于6S模型的山区环境星影像大气校正研究

针对山区地形复杂,高程变化较大的特点,利用6S辐射传输模型建立查找表,结合研究区DEM对影像进行了大气校正。试验结果表明,校正后的影像清晰度、对比度提高了,消除了大气对NDVI的负面影响。     

铅锌矿区重金属污染对微生物数量及放线菌群落结构的影响

采集四川省汉源县富泉乡万顺铅锌矿区5个不同重金属浓度的土壤样品,进行了微生物数量及放线菌多样性的研究。经分离、纯化得到43株不同的放线菌,然后对其进行BOXAIR-PCR和16SrDNAPCR-RFLP分析。结果表明,铅锌矿区重金属复合污染对土壤微生物数量有较大的影响,随着铅锌矿区重金属污染程度的加剧,土壤微生物的总数下降。相关性分析表明,重金属含量与细菌数量呈极显著负相关（P〈0.01）,与放线菌数量、真菌数量呈显著负相关（P〈0.05）。供试菌株的16SrDNA用HaeⅢ、HinfⅠ和TaqⅠ酶切后具有32种遗传图谱类型。BOXAIR-PCR的聚类结果表明在86%的水平上,所有菌株分为10个遗传类型,结果基本与16SrDNAPCR-RFLP聚类差异不大。来源于高重金属的含量样品的菌株基本聚在一起,可能是重金属含量影响了放线菌的分布。同时,16SrDNA序列聚类分析结合系统发育树分析表明链霉菌属是汉源铅锌矿区主要的放线菌属并且具有遗传多样性。     

基于AT89S52和PID算法的温控系统

介绍了一种基于AT89S52单片机的温度控制系统,使用单总线温度传感器DS18B20检测温度,采用PID控制算法,分析系统原理,给出了系统的整体结构以及软件设计。实验结果表明,系统的稳定性比较好,精确度高。     

基于ZigBee和嵌入式技术的无线安防监控系统研究与设计

针对传统有线安防系统的局限性,通过对zigbee技术和嵌入式技术的研究,提出了一种基于zigbee组网技术和嵌入式控制技术的住宅小区无线安防监控系统,实现了布防后能够对住宅小区生活中存在的火灾、盗窃、煤气泄漏等安全隐患进行监测及报警。采用基于ZigBee标准的射频芯片CC2430,实现节点间数据的无线传输,并给出了系统的硬件原理框图和软件设计思路。     

水稻南方黑条矮缩病毒湖南鼎城株系S10片段的基因组序列分析

运用RT-PCR技术克隆了水稻南方黑条矮缩病毒（southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus,SRBSDV）湖南鼎城株系的基因组S10片段（SRBSDV-HuNDCS10）,并对其全序列进行了测定和生物信息学分析。结果显示,SRBSDV-HuNDC S10片段全长为1797bp（登录号：JQ337964）,含有1个ORF,编码557个氨基酸残基的衣壳蛋白,推测分子量约62.6kD,推测等电点为7.62,与已报道的广东、海南和云南分离物病毒的S10作比较,它们的核苷酸相似性分别为99.7%、99.0%和98.4%,氨基酸相似性分别为100.0%、99.5%和99.3%。对SRBSDV-HuNDCS10及部分Fijiviruses病毒对应片段在5＇URT与3＇URT存在的保守序列和互补序列进行了归纳,对其ORF编码的氨基酸序列进行了motif查找,得到该属（Fijiviruses）氨基酸序列的10个保守区段。此外,进行了糖基化位点、磷酸化位点及B细胞抗原表位预测,发现了3个可能的N端豆蔻酰基化位点,可能与病毒的侵染机制有关。     

Density separation of soil organic matter across three land uses in calcareous soils of Iran

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of physical and chemical fractionation in quantifying soil organic matter (SOM) in different stabilized fraction pools. Soil samples from three land use types in Lorestan province, Southwest Iran were examined to account for the amount of organic carbon and nitrogen in different SOM fractions. Size/density separation and chemical oxidation methods were applied to separate the SOM fractions including particulate organic matter (POM), Si + C (silt and clay), DOC (dissolved organic C), rSOM (oxidation-resistant organic carbon and nitrogen) and S + SA (sand and stable aggregates). The values obtained for TOC, TN, and HWC were highest in forest lands followed by the range and agricultural lands. Among the SOM fractions, S + SA showed the highest values (5.75, 5.77 and 20.6 g kg^?1 for agriculture, range and forest lands respectively) followed by POM, Si + C, rSOM, and DOC. The concentrations of C and N in the labile fractions obtained the higher values than in the stabilized fractions. Forest lands had the highest amounts of organic C and N among all fractions whereas agricultural lands showed highest values for inorganic C content of soils in different fractions.     

毛竹竹鞭内生细菌的特征及16S rDNA多样性分析

本研究利用传统的细菌分离方法,结合16S rDNA序列分析对毛竹竹鞭内生细菌的特征和多样性进行了分析。从福建省武夷山、将乐、长汀毛竹竹鞭中分离到34株内生细菌,初步归属于14属,20种。来源于不同地区的毛竹竹鞭内生细菌组成存在较大差异,其优势菌群为产碱杆菌属（Alcaligenes）和葡萄球菌属（Staphylococcus）。     

Community structure of bacteria on different types of mineral particles in a sandy soil

Various types of mineral particles in a soil probably provide different microenvironments for microorganisms. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether different types of mineral in a soil harbor different bacterial populations. DNA was extracted from five types (quartz, feldspar, pyroxene, magnetite, iron-coated reddish brown particles) of sand-size mineral particles separated from a sandy soil, and was amplified for partial 16 S rRNA gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Twenty-nine to 69 amplicons per each type of mineral were cloned and sequenced, followed by phylogenetic affiliation of the sequences. As a result, some types of bacteria were detected on all of the types of mineral including the orders Rhizobiales, Bacillales, and Acidobacteriales. In the case of Acidobacteriales, higher percentages were found on magnetite and quartz. Some taxa were restricted to specific types of mineral; the class Actinobacteria was found on pyroxene but not on quartz, and rarely on magnetite and feldspar. Bacterial diversity at the order level estimated by Chao1 value was higher in feldspar and pyroxene than the other three types of mineral. The UniFrac Significance test indicated that the differences in bacterial communitiy structures among the particles were suggestive except that between feldspar and pyroxene. These results support the idea that different communities of bacteria were associated with each of the mineral types.     

产低温淀粉酶菌株的筛选、鉴定及酶学性质初步研究

对低温淀粉酶资源的开发是功能酶研究的新热点,本研究从东帕米尔高原江布拉克冰川冻土中分离获得多株高产低温淀粉酶菌株,最高产酶菌株D5-2经16S rDNA鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)细菌.对D5-2所产淀粉酶性质进行初步分析,结果表明,其最适作用温度和pH值分别为25 ℃和6.5,酶的热稳定性较差,40 ℃处理1h后酶活急剧下降,至70℃酶活力仅存23％;在pH 5.5～8.0条件下,酶活力相对稳定;Mn2+和Mg2+对淀粉酶有激活作用,而乙二胺四乙酸(ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA)、Fe2+和Na+则抑制酶活.结果提示,菌株D5-2分泌的淀粉酶符合低温酶特性,应用空间较大,值得深入探究开发.     

Plot-scale manipulations of organic matter inputs to soils correlate with shifts in microbial community composition in a lowland tropical rain forest

Little is known about the organisms responsible for decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems, or how variations in their relative abundance may influence soil carbon (C) cycling. Here, we altered organic matter in situ by manipulating both litter and throughfall inputs to tropical rain forest soils, and then used qPCR and error-corrected bar-coded pyrosequencing to investigate how the resulting changes in soil chemical properties affected microbial community structure. The plot-scale manipulations drove significant changes in microbial community composition: Acidobacteria were present in greater relative abundance in litter removal plots than in double-litter plots, while Alphaproteobacteria were found in higher relative abundance in double-litter and throughfall reduction plots than in control or litter removal plots. In addition, the bacterial:archaeal ratio was higher in double-litter than no-litter plots. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were positively correlated with microbial biomass C and nitrogen (N), and soil N and C pools, while acidobacterial relative abundance was negatively correlated with these same factors. Bacterial:archaeal ratios were positively correlated with soil moisture, total soil C and N, extractable ammonium pools, and soil C:N ratios. Additionally, bacterial:archaeal ratios were positively related to the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, and negatively correlated to the relative abundance of Nitrospira and Acidobacteria. Together, our results support the copiotrophic/oligotrophic model of soil heterotrophic microbes suggested by Fierer et al. (2007).