Practical starter pig amino acid requirements in relation to immunity,gut health and growth performance

Immune system activation begins a host of physiological responses. Infectious agents are recognized by monocytes and macrophages which in turn stimulate cytokine production. It is the hormone-like factors called cytokines that orchestrate the immune response. The classic responses observed with immune system activation and cytokine production include： anorexia, fever, lethargy, recruitment of other immune cells, and phagocytosis. While production of immune system components is known to require some amino acids, increases in amino acid requirements are more than offset by the associated decrease in protein accretion and increased muscle protein degradation that also accompanies immune system activation. However, the biggest impact of cytokine production is a decrease in feed intake. Therefore, as feed intake decreases, the energy needed to drive protein synthesis is also decreased. This suggests that diets should still be formulated on a similar calorie：lysine ratio as those formulated for non-immune challenged pigs. The evidence is sparse or equivocal for increasing nutrient requirements during an immune challenge. Nutritionists and swine producers should resist the pressure to alter the diet, limit feed, or add expensive feed additives during an immune challenge. While immune stimulation does not necessitate changes in diet formulation, when pigs are challenged with non-pathogenic diarrhea there are potential advantages on gut health with the increased use of crystalline amino acids rather than intact protein sources （i.e., soybean meal）. This is because reducing crude protein decreases the quantity of fermentable protein entering the large intestine, which lowers post weaning diarrhea. It also lowers the requirement for expensive specialty protein sources or other protein sources such as soybean meal that present immunological challenges to the gut. The objective of this review is two-fold. The first is to discuss immunity by nutrition interactions, or lack thereof, and secondly, to review amino acid re     

中草药添加剂“水肿灵散”对断奶仔猪免疫功能的影响

选用35日龄断奶仔猪30头,分成对照组和试验组进行饲养试验。各组仔猪分别于试验前10d、试验时、试验后10d、试验后20d采集血样,测定血清中免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM和补体C3、C4的含量。结果显示:在-10d～0d阶段,试验组免疫球蛋白和补体水平相近,各组间无差异(P>0.05);0～10、10～20d阶段,与对照组相比,试验组的IgG分别提高了15.62%(P<0.05)、14.68%(P<0.01),IgA分别提高了17.08%(P<0.05)、15.11%(P<0.05),IgM分别提高了22.76%(P<0.01)、5.85%(P>0.05);C3水平分别提高了14.29%(P<0.05)、15.94%(P<0.05),C4水平分别提高了5.95%(P>0.05)、6.49%(P>0.05)。表明“水肿灵散”不仅促进免疫球蛋白的生成,而且还促进补体的生成,继而通过改善机体的体液免疫功能达到防治仔猪水肿病的目的。     

孵育和激活剂作用时间对山羊核移植胚胎早期发育的影响

探讨了电融合前对重构卵继续孵育及激活剂6-DMAP不同作用时间对山羊核移植胚胎体外发育的影响。结果显示,重构卵在成熟液中继续培养后,9~10 h组的融合后卵子死亡率(27.42%)显著低于30 min和90 min组(49.26%和56.3%)(P0.05),胚胎卵裂率(68.15%)则显著高于30 min和90 min组(55.6%和54.24%)(P0.05);重构卵用离子霉素激活后,再用6-DMAP激活0 h、2 h、3 h、4 h、5 h及8~10 h,各组间的胚胎卵裂率均无显著差异(P0.05),但均显著高于未用6-DMAP组的卵裂率(P0.05)。本试验结果表明,电融合前,继续成熟培养重构卵有利于降低电融合时的卵子死亡率,提高卵子利用率;联合使用离子霉素和6-DMAP有利于提高激活效果,而6-DMAP的作用时间(2~10 h)不影响核移植胚胎的卵裂。     

发情牛血清在猪卵母细胞成熟中的应用

为了检验发情牛(Bos taurus)血清在猪卵母细胞成熟中的应用,实验分别在成熟培养液中加入不同的血清,观察卵母细胞的成熟效果,并通过孤雌激活胚胎和重构胚的体外发育能力来判断血清对卵母细胞质量的影响:研究还进行了用发情牛血清成熟的卵母细胞构建的核移植胚胎的体内发育试验.结果表明,发情牛血清,成年牛血清和胎牛血清在猪卵母细胞的成熟率方面没有显著差异(P>0.05);卵母细胞成熟时加入不同的血清,对卵母细胞体外发育能力的影响不显著(P>0.05);来自含发情牛血清成熟液培养的卵母细胞,与胎儿成纤维细胞构建的克隆胚胎能够完成全期发育.     

水牛卵母细胞孤雌激活方法的优化

为了研究离子霉素(Ion)在不同环境下对水牛孤雌激活效果的影响及水牛卵母细胞在6-二甲基氨基嘌呤(6-DMAP)液中以聚集激活或分离激活方式对激活效果的影响。试验对比了水牛卵母细胞在25℃室温环境和38.5℃CO2培养箱环境下的Ion激活效果,还比较了水牛卵母细胞在6-DMAP液中进行聚集激活和分离激活的孤雌激活效果。结果表明:试验组8-细胞胚胎率(54.11%)和囊胚率(31.51%)均高于对照组的8-细胞胚胎率(51.68%)和囊胚率(27.52%),但无统计学差异;在6-DMAP液中分离激活组(1组)的囊胚率明显优于聚集激活组(2组)的囊胚率。     

新型奶牛乳头消毒剂“激活碘粉”的特点及临床应用

新型奶牛乳头专用消毒剂的原则是提高乳头保护效果,注重奶牛自身防御功能的提高。 1传统消毒剂及其改进 提高传统消毒剂保护效果的途径,目前国内、外的相关研究较少,因此只能从消毒剂自身成分入手寻找突破点,如寻求新型增稠剂,以提高保护膜的形成速度，降低其分解速度；     

影响动物克隆效率因素的研究进展

哺乳动物克隆效率低下成为目前制约动物克隆技术发展和应用的瓶颈。文章概述了动物克隆中供体细胞的选择、卵母细胞的去核方法、重构胚的激活和重构胚的培养等因素对克隆效率的影响以及提高克隆效率的策略，并对近年来影响动物克隆效率的因素作了详尽的论述，以期为该领域的科研工作者提供参考。     

构筑产业体系 激活红色旅游——山西省武乡县李峪村产业发展纪实

发展产业经济。激活发展新潜力。近年来，在村党支部和村委会的带领下，李峪村全体村民发扬光荣革命传统，抢抓机遇，借助本村独特的红色资源优势和地理优势，逐步发展起红色旅游、农贸物流等产业，积极打造精品魔术文化，构筑起新的村级经济体系。