Effect of Nutrient Restriction and Compensation on Weight,Serum Indexes and Gene Expression of Chest Fat Adipokines in Mongolian Lamb

To study the effect of nutrient restriction and compensation on weight,serum indexes and gene expression of chest fat adipokine in Mongolian lamb,thirty male lambs were randomly divided into control group (20.26 kg± 3.63 kg) and feed restricted group (21.29 kg±3.00 kg).The experiment lasted for 120 days,including 60 days for feed restriction and 60 days for compensatory feed.At the end of each stage,five lambs from each group were slaughtered and chest fat was collected.Serum concentration of triglycerides,non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA),total cholesterol were measured.Quantitative Real-time PCR were used to determine Adiponectin,Visfatin,PPAR-γ and ACC genes expression.The results showed that:①The lamb body weight of restricted group kept maintain level and that of control group showed a increase tendency.During the compensatory period,the average daily gain (ADG) of restricted group was significantly higher than control group (P< 0.05).②During the restriction period,serum triglycerides concentration of lambs in restricted group was significantly decreased at day 30 and 60 (P< 0.05),and NEFA concentration was significantly increased at day 30 (P< 0.05).After 60 days of nutritional compensation,all serum parameters we tested were not significantly different between restrict group and control group (P >0.05).③During the restriction period,PPAR-γ and ACC gene expression in restricted group were significantly lower than that of control group (P< 0.05),while no significant differences were found during the compensation period (P>0.05).Adiponectin and Visfatin genes expression in chest fat was not significantly changed throughout the experiment (P >0.05).We could know that nutritional restriction reduced fatty acid synthesis and adipocyte differentiation ability,adipose tissue was mobilized energy metabolism,and total cholesterol was recoveried growth on the compensation.However,the ACC and PPAR-γ genes in restricted group were significantly decreased with the body weight increased rapidly during the compensatory stage.Adiponectin and Visfatin were not significantly different between restricted and compensatory stages.     

规则约束下水禽养殖户饲料添加剂使用意愿与行为研究——基于TPB-NAM整合模型

饲料添加剂具有提高动物免疫功能、促进动物健康生长等诸多优势。然而,滥用饲料添加剂已经对动物、人类健康和环境构成了严重的威胁,规范使用饲料添加剂是养殖户亲环境生产行为的重要表现。基于计划行为理论(TPB)和规范激活理论(NAM)的整合框架,利用江西省、湖北省和云南省水禽养殖户微观调查数据,采用结构方程模型,从个体理性和社会理性两个维度,分析在规则约束下水禽养殖户饲料添加剂的使用意愿与行为。结果表明,受访者表现出较高的规范使用饲料添加剂意愿,均值为3.764,但实际行为偏低,均值为3.216。态度、主观规范和感知行为控制均对水禽养殖户规范使用饲料添加剂意愿产生显著正向影响,但影响效应依次减弱;结果意识正向影响责任归属,而责任归属和感知收益共同激活个人规范。意愿与个人规范对水禽养殖户规范使用饲料添加剂行为均具有显著正向影响,且意愿的影响更大,但意愿与行为之间存在悖离现象。据此,提出应采取措施提升水禽养殖户规范使用饲料添加剂的积极态度,强化水禽养殖户在生产过程中所承担的环境责任,营造规范使用饲料添加剂氛围,加大政策支持和补贴力度,加强监管与督察力度等政策建议。     

鸭绿沙塘鳢精子生理学特征

为探究鸭绿沙塘鳢(Odontobutis yaluensis)精子生理学特征, 提高精子活力, 测定了其精液浓度、精子密度、 pH 和精子活力, 以精子激活率(activation rate, AR)、快速运动时间(fast movement time, FT)以及精子寿命(life time, LT)作为评价精子活力的指标, 检测了水温、pH、离子(NaCl、KCl、CaCl₂、MgCl₂)、非离子(葡萄糖、Tris、甘油)、 碱度(NaHCO₃)共 10 种单因子条件下的精子活力, 并在此基础上进行 17 组复合因子精子激活液的筛选。结果表明, 鸭绿沙塘鳢精巢前段精子活力、精子密度、精液浓度均高于中后段, 精巢整体精子密度(1.83±0.03)×10⁹ 个/mL, 精液浓度 23.10%, pH 6.9±0.1。单因子精子激活液中, 鸭绿沙塘鳢在水温 20 ℃、pH 6.0、NaCl 68 mmo/L、 KCl 54 mmol/L、CaCl₂ 27 mmol/L、葡萄糖 28 mmol/L、甘油 65 mmol/L 条件下精子 AR, FT 和 LT 均最高, 在 MgCl₂ 11 mmol/L、Tris 4 mmol/L 激活液中精子激活率最高。复合因子精子激活液中, 精子在 KCl 40 mmol/L、甘油 33 mmol/L、Tris 4 mmol/L 条件下 AR, FT 和 LT 均最高, 精子活力最高。综上所述, 在进行鸭绿沙塘鳢人工授精时, 可直接使用精巢前段(生精部), 同时应用复合因子精子激活液(KCl 40 mmol/L、甘油 33 mmol/L、Tris 4 mmol/L)提高精子活力。     

NGF和BDNF对猪孤雌激活胚胎体外发育的影响

在NCSU-23改良培养液中分别添加不同质量浓度的脑源性神经生长因子(不rain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)和神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF),观察其对猪孤雌激活胚胎体外生长的影响。结果显示:在培养液中添加40μg/L的BDNF,可促进猪孤雌激活胚胎的囊胚形成;在猪PA胚胎培养液中添加不同质量浓度的NGF,对猪孤雌激活胚胎的在卵裂率、囊胚率和囊胚孵化率影响不明显。结果表明,在NCSU-23改良培养液中添加一定质量浓度的BDNF可促进猪孤雌激活胚胎体外培养过程中囊胚的形成。     

不同毒力传染性法氏囊病病毒衣壳蛋白酵母双杂交诱饵载体的构建及鉴定简

传染性法氏囊病病毒（infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV）毒株Gx（超强毒株）、F9（中等毒力毒株）、Gt（弱毒株）遗传背景高度相似,但生物学性状差异显著。为研究不同毒力毒株与宿主细胞相互作用的分子细节,本研究将IBDV Gx、F9、Gt毒株的衣壳蛋白VP2基因克隆入pGBKT7载体,分别构建了诱饵载体pGBGxVP2、pGBF9VP2和pGBGtVP2。经Matchmaker Gold Yeast Two-hybrid System验证,结果显示所构建的3个诱饵载体均无自激活作用,对酵母细胞无毒性作用。本研究为利用酵母双杂交系统深入研究IBDV与宿主相互作用奠定了基础。     

Practical starter pig amino acid requirements in relation to immunity,gut health and growth performance

Immune system activation begins a host of physiological responses. Infectious agents are recognized by monocytes and macrophages which in turn stimulate cytokine production. It is the hormone-like factors called cytokines that orchestrate the immune response. The classic responses observed with immune system activation and cytokine production include： anorexia, fever, lethargy, recruitment of other immune cells, and phagocytosis. While production of immune system components is known to require some amino acids, increases in amino acid requirements are more than offset by the associated decrease in protein accretion and increased muscle protein degradation that also accompanies immune system activation. However, the biggest impact of cytokine production is a decrease in feed intake. Therefore, as feed intake decreases, the energy needed to drive protein synthesis is also decreased. This suggests that diets should still be formulated on a similar calorie：lysine ratio as those formulated for non-immune challenged pigs. The evidence is sparse or equivocal for increasing nutrient requirements during an immune challenge. Nutritionists and swine producers should resist the pressure to alter the diet, limit feed, or add expensive feed additives during an immune challenge. While immune stimulation does not necessitate changes in diet formulation, when pigs are challenged with non-pathogenic diarrhea there are potential advantages on gut health with the increased use of crystalline amino acids rather than intact protein sources （i.e., soybean meal）. This is because reducing crude protein decreases the quantity of fermentable protein entering the large intestine, which lowers post weaning diarrhea. It also lowers the requirement for expensive specialty protein sources or other protein sources such as soybean meal that present immunological challenges to the gut. The objective of this review is two-fold. The first is to discuss immunity by nutrition interactions, or lack thereof, and secondly, to review amino acid re     

中草药添加剂“水肿灵散”对断奶仔猪免疫功能的影响

选用35日龄断奶仔猪30头,分成对照组和试验组进行饲养试验。各组仔猪分别于试验前10d、试验时、试验后10d、试验后20d采集血样,测定血清中免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM和补体C3、C4的含量。结果显示:在-10d～0d阶段,试验组免疫球蛋白和补体水平相近,各组间无差异(P>0.05);0～10、10～20d阶段,与对照组相比,试验组的IgG分别提高了15.62%(P<0.05)、14.68%(P<0.01),IgA分别提高了17.08%(P<0.05)、15.11%(P<0.05),IgM分别提高了22.76%(P<0.01)、5.85%(P>0.05);C3水平分别提高了14.29%(P<0.05)、15.94%(P<0.05),C4水平分别提高了5.95%(P>0.05)、6.49%(P>0.05)。表明“水肿灵散”不仅促进免疫球蛋白的生成,而且还促进补体的生成,继而通过改善机体的体液免疫功能达到防治仔猪水肿病的目的。     

孵育和激活剂作用时间对山羊核移植胚胎早期发育的影响

探讨了电融合前对重构卵继续孵育及激活剂6-DMAP不同作用时间对山羊核移植胚胎体外发育的影响。结果显示,重构卵在成熟液中继续培养后,9~10 h组的融合后卵子死亡率(27.42%)显著低于30 min和90 min组(49.26%和56.3%)(P0.05),胚胎卵裂率(68.15%)则显著高于30 min和90 min组(55.6%和54.24%)(P0.05);重构卵用离子霉素激活后,再用6-DMAP激活0 h、2 h、3 h、4 h、5 h及8~10 h,各组间的胚胎卵裂率均无显著差异(P0.05),但均显著高于未用6-DMAP组的卵裂率(P0.05)。本试验结果表明,电融合前,继续成熟培养重构卵有利于降低电融合时的卵子死亡率,提高卵子利用率;联合使用离子霉素和6-DMAP有利于提高激活效果,而6-DMAP的作用时间(2~10 h)不影响核移植胚胎的卵裂。     

发情牛血清在猪卵母细胞成熟中的应用

为了检验发情牛(Bos taurus)血清在猪卵母细胞成熟中的应用,实验分别在成熟培养液中加入不同的血清,观察卵母细胞的成熟效果,并通过孤雌激活胚胎和重构胚的体外发育能力来判断血清对卵母细胞质量的影响:研究还进行了用发情牛血清成熟的卵母细胞构建的核移植胚胎的体内发育试验.结果表明,发情牛血清,成年牛血清和胎牛血清在猪卵母细胞的成熟率方面没有显著差异(P>0.05);卵母细胞成熟时加入不同的血清,对卵母细胞体外发育能力的影响不显著(P>0.05);来自含发情牛血清成熟液培养的卵母细胞,与胎儿成纤维细胞构建的克隆胚胎能够完成全期发育.