中哈治蝗合作成效显著

<正>我国农业部与哈萨克斯坦国农业部于2002年12月签署《关于防治蝗虫及其他农作物病虫害合作协议》,从2003年开始开展治蝗合作,中方的治蝗合     

Ruminal in situ disappearance kinetics of six nutritive ingredients in leaves and stems of young tetraploid black locust in growing steers

Tetraploid black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is a woody plant with larger leaves and richer nutritional content than normal diploid black locust, with greater biomass and wider adaptability than herbaceous plant forage. However, currently no stockbreeders have adopted it as a major forage in China and other countries for a lack of information on the evaluation of nutritional ingredients of leaves and stems of young tetraploid black locust (YTBL) by in situ digesting tests. The objectives of this study were: 1) to assess the nutritive value of YTBL that bourgeoned from root stumps in the spring by determining the ruminal in situ disappearance kinetics of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) from leaves, stems and a mixture of both leaves and stems (MLS) of YTBL; 2) to compare these kinetic estimates with those of Leymus chinensis, a widely used ruminant forage in China. All samples were evaluated in situ by using five ruminally cannulated crossbred steers (550±22.7 kg BW). The results of 48 hours, the representative incubation period, indicate that in situ disappearance rates of DM and OM in YTBL leaves, stems and MLS are on average about 40% and can attain the level of digestibility of L. chinensis. In situ disappearance rates of leaves, stems and MLS of YTBL for CP and EE were 41% and 58% respectively, rates higher than those of L. chinensis. But the disappearance rates of NDF and ADF were, on average, respectively 30.62% and 24.89% and lower than those of L. chinensis. By analyzing synthetically all of our results it could be inferred that MLS of YTBL offers effective ruminal degradability of DM, NDF, ADF, CP, EE and OM, similar to the nutrients of L. chinensis. This supports our contention that the YTBL leaves, stems and MLS are suitable feed for those ruminants requiring high levels of nutrients, such as dairy cows and Boer goats, instead of plant forage, which is decidedly lacking in some parts of the world.     

新疆天山北麓蝗虫群落结构特征

2007年6-9月,在新疆天山北麓的石河子南部低山草地、中部农耕地、中部草甸及北部沙漠边缘荒漠4类生境中共采集到蝗虫4科14属18种,共317头.对蝗虫群落结构分析表明;在4类生境中,平均密度由高至低依次为低山草地、农耕地、草甸及荒漠.沙漠边缘荒漠环境的蝗虫群落多样性指数最高(1.7479),其次为中部草甸(1.5068)和南部低山草地(1.2461).中部农耕地由于人为干扰大,植被组成结构较为单一,蝗虫种类最少,多样性指数最低(0.4445).采用聚类分析法将石河子蝗虫群落划分为2种类型:草甸-荒漠-农耕蝗虫群落和草地蝗虫群落.     

新海连市“旱改水”根治蝗害调查

蝗区概况新海连市东南与西北狭长地带长300余华里,沿海荒草地很多,辖区内,除锦屏、云台等山外,大部是沿海平原,有些地区,由于排水困难,形成沿海内涝蝗区,南接灌云、滨海,西与东海县相邻,北连赣榆成为历史上黄海老蝗区,有名的"海州蚂蚱"即在此发生。解放后,经过大规模的灭蝗,自1950年以来,基本上做到了就地     

我国应用蝗虫微孢子虫治理草原蝗虫的现状及展望

本文综合论述了近年来我国草原蝗虫的发生和应用蝗虫微孢子虫的防治现状 ,同时对蝗虫微孢子虫的增殖和生产及微孢子虫的侵染和致病机理进行了剖析 ;初步论述了蝗虫微孢子虫病在田间的流行规律和传播机理以及持续控制草原蝗害的效果 ;针对蝗虫微孢子虫治理蝗害的特点和微孢子虫的应用前景以及配套新技术的开发利用进行了综合分析     

飞机灭蝗效益分析报告

扎鲁特旗自七十年代初至八十年代末二十年间，草地虫害累计发生面积1000万亩，期间十年，间歇性飞机喷洒化学药物累计防治面积460.63万亩；芗 选择及技术处理先后经历了三个阶段。得到了逐步改进和提高，第一性生产产值和第二性生产增值分别是总投资的7.45倍和2.18倍。取得了良好的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。     

蝗虫微孢子虫在蝗群中的扩散规律及其复合剂的应用研究

青海草地应用NosemaLocustae灭蝗，隔代遗传及越年扩散传播性能很强，对蝗虫种群数量有极为理想的控制效果。在施药后二年、四年、六年、八年的防区测定表明，蝗虫虫口密度均在防治标准以下，防区外500米处≤4．55头／m2，1000米处≤5．40头／m2、2000米处≤10．07头／m2；N．L灭蝗面积在3333．3—13333．3hm2范围内，均可收到规模效益，对蝗虫有较高的感染率，防区外500米处为10—35％、1000米处为3—51％、2000米处为0—24．5％，且有施药年限越近、感染率越高的规律；N．L扩散距离和速率与防区气流活动强度、雨量、空气湿度呈正相关。在蝗虫高密度地区，N．L标准液7．5ml／hm2剂量与5％卡死克水悬液（IGR）75ml／hm2剂量按1：1隔带喷施，校正虫口减退率为75．01％，残虫感染率为89．67％；同一剂量，二者施用前混合后喷洒，校正虫口减退率为76．36％，残虫感染率为60％。同时N．L复合剂显示了对蝗蝻良好的滞育性能，秋末蝗虫残虫中尚有42—46％的蝗蝻因完不成发育阶段，丧失了生殖后代的能力。     

仓库鼠类综合防治技术的研究

对广东省５个单位的仓库鼠类进行了调查，结果表明，主要为褐家鼠（６２．９％～８２．４％）和小家鼠（１７．７％～３７．６％），根据鼠类特性，从控制鼠类密度改变鼠类行为，用化学和物理方法，以及仓房设施改造等方面着手，进行防治仓库鼠类的试验研究。