不同退化程度的草地植被和土壤特征

研究了克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii)草原未退化、中度退化和重度退化草地的植被和土壤微生物的季节动态。结果表明, 随退化程度增加, 克氏针茅的重要值降低, 冷蒿(Artemisia frigida)的重要值增加, 重度退化草地群落多样性最低。重度退化草地土壤全氮含量最高而有效磷含量最低。未退化草地土壤微生物碳、氮含量高于退化草地, 草地退化对菌根真菌(AMF)孢子密度、细菌、真菌和放线菌数量的影响随季节变化而不同。5―8月未退化草地真菌数量大于重度退化草地, 9月两者差异不显著。7―9月未退化草地细菌数量大于重度退化草地, 6月两者差异不显著。各指标均在7月或8月达到最高值。土壤真菌、细菌、放线菌与土壤全氮、微生物氮均有显著相关性。土壤真菌、细菌与土壤微生物碳有显著相关性。     

草鱼养殖模式对气单胞菌属细菌群落影响分析

为研究草鱼池塘精养、山塘养殖以及鱼菜共生养殖3种养殖模式下气单胞属细菌群落特征差异,2017年5—7月(养殖投喂旺盛期)用采水器在池塘两端和中部采集表层15 cm处水样,混合均匀后,装入灭菌塑料瓶中,低温保存;在池塘两端和中部用采泥器采集表层底泥,现场各无菌称取5g底泥,置于装有135 m L的无菌生理盐水的塑料瓶中,...     

EM在养猪业上的研究应用进展

EM是英文ef-fective microorgan-isms(有效微生物群)的缩写,20世纪80年代初期由日本硫球大学比嘉照夫教授研制成功。EM是由光合细菌、放线     

拮抗细菌菌株B5423-R和Pf7-14在水稻叶片上的定殖及其对土著细菌群体的影响

拮抗细菌菌株Bacillus subtilisB5423和Pseudomonas fluorescensPf 7-14能显著地抑制水稻纹枯病。在温室条件下,通过播种、叶片接种纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani,以及在水稻分蘖盛期喷雾菌株B5423-R(B5423的利福平抗性突变体)和Pf 7-14(天然的抗萘啶酮酸菌株)的细菌悬浮液,并通过定期取样、平板系列稀释法回收,监测了菌株B5423-R、Pf 7-14和土著细菌群体在水稻健叶和纹枯病叶上的种群动态。结果表明:在病斑叶片片段(病斑面积占70%~90%),在应用1~7 d后,菌株Pf 7-14的平均群体数量比在相同面积的健康叶片片段上显著性地高3~10倍,而菌株B5423-R的数量比在健康叶片片段上显著性地高12~50倍;土著细菌群体数量在病斑叶片上是健康叶片上的50~60倍。这些结果表明纹枯病病斑大大促进了土著细菌群体和引入的生防细菌的生长,且土著细菌群体和引入的生防细菌在营养和空间上是相互竞争的。     

根际细菌9个菌株对南方根结线虫的盆栽防效

通过盆栽试验,观察了土壤细菌9个菌株对番茄上南方根结线虫的生物防治效果。结果表明:供试菌株能够降低番茄线虫的根结指数,且对番茄生长有一定的促进作用。119号菌株处理30 d后,防治效果最好,平均防效达57.75%;处理60 d后,平均防效达55.88%。333号菌株处理30 d后,番茄植株生长最好,株高达43.00 cm,株鲜质量达11.17 g,分别比对照提高了37.25%和76.46%。对单个菌株防效比较好的菌株进行初步混用试验,结果表明:部分菌株混用的防治效果不太理想,但对番茄的株高和鲜质量有促进作用,且与对照差异显著。通过16S rDNA序列分析,并结合形态学和生理生化特征试验,初步鉴定119号菌株为巨大芽孢杆菌Bacillus megaterium。     

Risk Assessment and Biosafety Studies of Transgenic Bt Rice （Oryza sativa L.）

Transgenic crops having alien genes from different sources are getting popularity. A Rice （Oryza sativa L.） containing gene from Bacillus thuringiensis, a soil bacterium, was assessed to study the potential risks of transgenic plants on environment. The crop was found resistant to target insect pests. Rice variety Basmati-370 transformed with two insecticidal genes, crylAc and cry2A, was grown under field conditions for several years. Data were collected at different stages of the plant growth. Fate of Cry protein in soil, effect of Bt protein on non-target insects, risks of vertical and horizontal gene flow were evaluated. No potential hazard was found at all levels. Bt protein was unstable and degraded significantly in soil within 30 days after harvesting the crop. No harmful effects were found on non-target insects （insects other than order lepidoptera）. Maximum gene flow of 0.02% was observed at close spacing and no evidence of horizontal gene transfer to Rhizobium spp. was found. In conclusion, the transgenic rice plants transformed with Bt genes have no harmful effects on the environment.     

盐度驯化对海水生物过滤器功能的影响

采用盐度变化法将已建立完全硝化功能的淡水生物过滤器驯化为具完全硝化功能的海水生物过滤器。在水温25℃的培养条件下,用盐度25的海水直接培养生物过滤器,建立完整硝化功能需70d;先用淡水培养生物过滤器,待硝化作用完全建立后,用盐度25的海水驯化,则建立完整硝化功能的海水生物过滤器需要61d;将已经建立完整功能的淡水生物过滤器,先用盐度10的海水驯化,待建立完整硝化功能后,再用盐度25的海水驯化,则建立完整硝化功能的海水生物过滤器共需要56d。运用PCR-DGGE技术分析盐度冲击前后生物膜细菌群落结构的变化,运用荧光素-荧光素酶法检测盐度冲击前后生物膜微生物ATP含量变化。结果表明,经盐度冲击后,生物膜的细菌群落结构发生了明显变化,优势菌群由β-变形菌纲细菌和δ-变形菌纲(Delta proteobacteria)细菌转变成γ-变形菌纲和α-变形菌纲细菌;盐度冲击24h后,生物膜微生物ATP总量分别下降了17.4%(盐度15)和47.7%(盐度25)。     

20％叶枯唑可湿性粉剂防治大白菜软腐病试验研究

20%叶枯唑可湿性粉剂是一种高效低毒新型细菌病害防治药剂,具有很强内吸渗透性,预防和治疗作用突出,主要通过破坏病原蛋白质的生物合成,达到杀灭病菌和防治病害的目的.为了明确该药剂对大白菜软腐病(Erwinia carolovora)的防治效果,选择最佳使用剂量,评价其安全性,2007年我们进行了20%叶枯唑可湿性粉剂防治大白菜软腐病田间药效试验.结果表明此药对大白菜软腐病有较好的防治效果,对人畜环境和作物都安全,值得在生产上进一步示范和推广应用.     

暗纹东方鲀几种组织中可培养细菌的组成分析

采用16S rDNA特征序列PCR-DGGE法,分析了不同饵料饲养的暗纹东方鲀的表皮、肠道和河鲀毒素累积组织(肝和卵巢)中可培养细菌的群落组成.根据分子系统发育分析,共鉴定出45种可培养细菌,在这些细菌中,以变形细菌的gamma亚群占多数,其它分别隶属于低GC含量革兰氏阳性菌和高GC含量革兰氏阳性菌.摄食不同饵料的暗纹东方鲀,其肠道、表皮或河鲀毒素累积组织中的细菌菌落组成是不同的,但不管是摄食人工配合饲料或天然饵料,在暗纹东方鲀的肠道、表皮或河鲀毒素累积组织中,均发现已有报道的可产河鲀毒素的细菌类群,表明饵料来源对暗纹东方鲀的河鲀毒素产生不是必需的.     

Effects of Cinnamic Acid on Bacterial Community Diversity in Rhizosphere Soil of Cucumber Seedlings Under Salt Stress

To investigate the effects of a plant autotoxin, cinnamic acid, on bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of cucumber seedlings under salt stress, we used cucumber as the experimental material, cinnamic acid as the autotoxin, and NaCl to apply salt stress. Bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction （PCR）, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）, and clone sequencing. Salt stress decreased the diversity of bacterial species in rhizosphere soil of cucumber seedlings at several growth stages. Cinnamic acid exacerbated the effects of salt stress at high concentrations, but alleviated its effects at low concentrations. Cloning and sequencing results indicated that DGGE bands amplified from soil samples showed high homology to uncultured bacterial species. Cinnamic acid at 50 mg kg^-1 soil improved cucumber growth and was the most effective treatment to alleviate the effects of salt stress on bacterial communities.