酿酒酵母和芽孢杆菌对育肥猪养分表观消化率、肠道形态结构和肠道免疫的影响

本试验旨在研究酿酒酵母和芽孢杆菌对育肥猪养分表观消化率、肠道形态结构和肠道免疫的影响。选取72头体重(62.50±0.83)kg的"杜×长×大"育肥猪,将其随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复6头猪(公母各占1/2)。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,酿酒酵母组饲喂基础饲粮+0.5 g/kg活性干酵母制剂(酵母菌活菌数1.0×1010CFU/kg),芽孢杆菌组饲喂基础饲粮+0.1 g/kg芽孢杆菌制剂(芽孢杆菌活菌数1.0×109CFU/kg)。试验期56 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,芽孢杆菌组育肥猪钙和磷的表观消化率显著提高(P0.05),酿酒酵母组钙的表观消化率显著提高(P0.05);2)与对照组相比,酿酒酵母组育肥猪空肠隐窝深度极显著降低(P0.01),空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值极显著提高(P0.01);3)与对照组相比,芽孢杆菌组育肥猪空肠和回肠分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIg A)含量均极显著上升(P0.01)。由此可见,饲粮中添加酿酒酵母和芽孢杆菌均可改善育肥猪对营养物质的消化吸收,其中酿酒酵母对育肥猪肠道形态结构具有一定的改善作用,而芽孢杆菌可提高肠道中的SIg A含量,提高肠道免疫水平。     

饲粮能氨水平对不同品种猪肉质性状及相关基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮能氮水平对不同品种猪肉质性状以及肌纤维类型和细胞因子相关基因表达的影响.选取巴马香猪和长白猪共96头(48头/品种),随机分为4组(每组24头猪),分别为长白猪饲喂NRC饲粮组、长白猪饲喂我国地方猪标准(GB)饲粮组、巴马香猪饲喂NRC饲粮组、巴马香猪饲喂GB饲粮组.试验从5周龄开始,至出栏时结束.分别于保育期、生长期和肥育期末,每组选择8头体况相近猪只屠宰,采集肌肉样品分析.结果表明:生长阶段显著影响了试验猪背最长肌熟肉率和肌球蛋白重链(MyHC)Ⅱx、MyHCⅡ易及白细胞介素-15(IL-15)mRNA表达水平(P<0.05),且随生长阶段呈增加趋势;与长白猪相比,巴马香猪的背最长肌熟肉率、MyHC Ⅰ mRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),而滴水损失显著降低(P<0.05);与NRC饲粮相比,GB饲粮显著提高了生长期长白猪和巴马香猪的pH45 min(P<0.05),显著上调了保育期和肥育期猪背最长肌MyHC Ⅰ mRNA表达水平(P<0.05);与GB饲粮相比,NRC饲粮显著上调了生长期猪背最长肌MyHC Ⅰ mRNA表达水平(P<0.05).由此可见,品种和生长阶段均可显著影响肉质性状及相关基因的表达,饲粮能氮水平则主要通过与生长阶段产生互作效应影响肉质性状及肌纤维类型相关基因的表达.     

Effects of ZEA,DON and Their Combined Effects on the Secretion of Cytokines in CTLL-2 Cells

To analyze the effects of ZEA or/and DON on the immunologic function,CTLL-2 cell was used as experimental materials. After exposing the CTLL-2 cell to different concentrations of ZEA (0,5,10,20 μg/mL),DON (0,0.5,1,2 μg/mL) and ZEA+DON (blank group,5 μg/mL ZEA,0.5 μg/mL DON,5 μg/mL ZEA+0.5 μg/mL DON) for 48 h,the concentration of GZMB,PFP,IFN-γ and TNF-α in CTLL-2 cell and supernatant fluid were detected by ELISA method. The result showed that DON and ZEA could reduce the concentration of PFP,GZMB and IFN-γ in the CTLL-2 cells and the culture supernatant fluids,and increase the concentration of TNF-α. The intoxicated group had significant or extremely significant difference compared to control group (P <0.05;P <0.01),which showed the dose effect. The group exposed to the combined of ZEA and DON showed an additive effect. The result indicated that ZEA,DON and the two combined could reduce the killing activity of immunological cell by affecting the secretion of immunological cytokines, and indirectly affect the negative feedback regulation of humoral immunity and cellular immunity,which led to the decline of immune function in animals.     

Effect of Herbal Compound Outikang on Antibody Titer of Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine，Cytokines and Biochemical Indices in Cows

The experiment was aimed to study the effects of herbal compound Outikang on antibody titer of foot and mouth disease vaccine type O,type A and type Asia Ⅰ,serum levels of ten cytokines and biochemical indices. 200 healthy adult cows were averagely divided into drug group and blank control group. Vaccinating the cows with FMD triplex vaccine when Outikang was given to the cows of drug group for 7 d running and then got the blood of all the cows on 0, 14, 28 and 56 d, respectively. Then blood biochemical examination, vaccine effectiveness and serum levels of cytokines were performed. The results showed that there were no significant differences in antibody titer of FMDV between blank control group and drug group on 0, 28 and 56 d after vaccination (P>0.05), while on 14 d the effect of Outikang on antibody titer of FMDV reached extremely significant level (P<0.01). Compared with blank control group, the contents of T-Bil in drug group was significantly decreased on 0 and 28 d (P<0.05), while it was extremely significantly decreased on 56 d (P<0.01).Compared with blank control group, the contents of Glu had significant difference on 28 and 56 d (P<0.05).The contents of P had extremely significant difference on 0 d (P<0.01), which was within the normal range. On 14 d after vaccination, the content of CD4 significantly increased in the drug group comparing to those in blank control group (P<0.05). On 28 d after vaccination, the content of CD4, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18 and IFN-γ extremely significantly increased in the drug group comparing to those in blank control group (P<0.01). On 56 d after vaccination, the contents of IL-6 and IL-12 extremely significantly increased in the drug group comparing to those in blank control group (P<0.01), while the content of CD4, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-18 significantly increased (P<0.05). Therefore, Outikang could significantly rise the antibody titer of foot and mouth disease vaccine type O, type A and type Asia Ⅰ.While it had no damage to the liver and kidney functions and had cholagogue effect, and it could enhance cellular immunity and humoral immunity function obviously.     

早期断奶仔猪肠粘膜免疫功能研究进展

介绍了仔猪肠粘膜免疫系统的结构功能与发育过程、肠粘膜免疫应答的诱导与调节功能及肠粘膜的细胞因子分泌活性等,重点阐述了早期断奶对仔猪肠粘膜免疫功能的影响。     

多糖对早期断奶仔猪淋巴细胞增殖与细胞因子的影响

为探讨多糖对早期断奶仔猪淋巴细胞增殖与细胞因子的影响,选用21d龄健康杜×长×大断奶仔猪(5.30±0.25kg)25头,随机分为5个组,每组5头,分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮(CR)、基础日粮+0.3%白术纯多糖(PPAM)、基础日粮+0.6%复合粗多糖(CCP)、基础日粮+0.6%白术粗多糖(CPAM)、基础日粮+抗生素(15%金霉素150/kg+4%黄霉素50mg/kg)(ANT),试验期为14d.结果显示:PPAM、CCP能提高血清中TNF的含量(P<0.05),同时PPAM、CCP、CPAM也有提高淋巴细胞增殖和IL-2的趋势.表明饲料中添加PPAM、CCP能够有效提高早期断奶仔猪的免疫力.     

H5N1禽流感病毒感染雏鸡免疫器官细胞因子的变化

为探讨细胞因子在禽流感免疫发病机制中的作用,应用细胞培养技术和细胞因子活性检测方法,通过对胸腺和脾脏IL-2、IFN和TNF3种细胞因子的检测,研究不同日龄(7和21日龄)SPF雏鸡感染禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)后,上述被检指标的动态变化,结果发现,无论是7日龄,还是21日龄SPF雏鸡感染AIV后,其免疫器官胸腺和脾脏的IL-2和IFN诱生活性均有不同程度的降低,而TNF活性升高;但不同日龄雏鸡之间被检细胞因子,其降低或升高程度不论持续时间还是量也不完全相同,该研究不但表明细胞因子在禽流感免疫、发病中具有十分重要的调节作用,而且也与雏鸡感染年龄存在一定相关性。     

中草药对畜禽免疫药理作用研究进展

对近年来中草药在畜禽免疫药理作用方面的研究进展进行了综述，包括中草药对畜禽免疫器官、白细胞水平、单核-巨噬细胞系统、细胞免疫、体液免疫和细胞因子的免疫调节作用，提出了存在的问题和今后的研究方向。     

Studies on lmmunoregulation of Cytokine of Chickens after Inoculation with Marek‘s Disease Vaccines

The spleenic and thymus T lymphocyte proliferaitive reactions(TLPR) were enhanced,the interleukin 2(IL-2)inductive activity was raised,and the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R)iductive expression was increased significantly in chickens after inoculation with trivalent Marek‘s discase vaccine in comparison with control chickens and those after vaccination with herpesvirus of turkey (HVT) vaccine.In chickens after inoculation with HVT vaccine,in contrast with control chickens,the spleenic TLPR was strengthened and IL-2R inductive expression was hoisted significantly,the thymus TLPR,spleeinc and thymus T lymphocyte IL-2 inductive activity,the thymus T lymphocyte IL-2R inductive expression were not significantly increased.     

细胞因子与兽医临诊

细胞因子（Cytokine）是由免疫活性细胞及其他各种细胞产生的生理活性物质的总称。细胞之间除直接接触发生相互作用外，还能产生细胞因子，并迅速与相邻、局部细胞发生相互作用。因此人们认为细胞因子是细胞的“语言”。过去将由淋巴细胞来源的称作淋巴因子（Lyphokine），将单核细胞、巨噬细胞来源的称作单孩因子（Monokine）。然而，譬如IL－6既可以由T细胞，又能由巨噬细胞、纤维母细胞等多类细胞产生，故接产生细胞则难以进行分类命名。因此，最近人们倾向统称之为细胞因子。细胞因子作为细胞间的信息递质，在免疫反应及感染应答、造…