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Bob Goodband Mike Tokach Steve Dritz Joel DeRouchey Jason Woodworth 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,(3):251-261
Immune system activation begins a host of physiological responses. Infectious agents are recognized by monocytes and macrophages which in turn stimulate cytokine production. It is the hormone-like factors called cytokines that orchestrate the immune response. The classic responses observed with immune system activation and cytokine production include: anorexia, fever, lethargy, recruitment of other immune cells, and phagocytosis. While production of immune system components is known to require some amino acids, increases in amino acid requirements are more than offset by the associated decrease in protein accretion and increased muscle protein degradation that also accompanies immune system activation. However, the biggest impact of cytokine production is a decrease in feed intake. Therefore, as feed intake decreases, the energy needed to drive protein synthesis is also decreased. This suggests that diets should still be formulated on a similar calorie:lysine ratio as those formulated for non-immune challenged pigs. The evidence is sparse or equivocal for increasing nutrient requirements during an immune challenge. Nutritionists and swine producers should resist the pressure to alter the diet, limit feed, or add expensive feed additives during an immune challenge. While immune stimulation does not necessitate changes in diet formulation, when pigs are challenged with non-pathogenic diarrhea there are potential advantages on gut health with the increased use of crystalline amino acids rather than intact protein sources (i.e., soybean meal). This is because reducing crude protein decreases the quantity of fermentable protein entering the large intestine, which lowers post weaning diarrhea. It also lowers the requirement for expensive specialty protein sources or other protein sources such as soybean meal that present immunological challenges to the gut. The objective of this review is two-fold. The first is to discuss immunity by nutrition interactions, or lack thereof, and secondly, to review amino acid re 相似文献
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应用细胞培养技术,MTT测定法,放射免疫分析法,对正常组、乳房炎组、疫苗组、中荔组、联合组奶山羊血液、脾、乳上淋巴结T、B淋巴细胞的增殖功能以及淋巴细胞IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α诱生活性的动态变化进行检测。结果,疫苗和中药可增强奶山羊血液和免疫器官的T淋巴细胞免疫功能和B细胞体液免疫功能,对淋巴细胞TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6免疫调节机能有促进作用,奶山羊在患乳房炎后其上述被检指标均降低。 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2017,(6):1084-1091
为了更好地了解宿主对禽流感病毒(AIV)感染后的免疫反应,本试验以TC-1细胞为模型,感染H9N2亚型AIV。通过荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法检测了3种模式识别受体(TLR-3、RIG-I和MDA-5)和5种炎性细胞因子(IL-6、RANTES、IP-10、TNF-α和IFN-β)。结果显示:3种模式识别受体中MDA-5上调最为明显,5种炎性因子中RANTES和IP-10上调最为明显;而IL-6、TNF-α和IFN-β上调相对较平缓。本研究结果表明:在病毒感染过程中MDA-5反应较TLR-3和RIG-I更为强烈,而在炎性反应过程中RANTES和IP-10反应更加剧烈,IL-6、TNF-α和IFN-β反应则相对较温和一些。本研究在一定程度上反映了机体对流感病毒的免疫反应机制,为在生产中疫苗的使用具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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As an adjuvant, cytokine plays a key role in regulating the innate and adaptive immunity and enhancing the vaccine specific immune responses. The researches on the interleukin, interferon, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factors, tumor necrosis factors, and chemotactic factor have made considerable progress. Now we reviewed the cytokine adjuvant application in order to provide reference for the future application. 相似文献
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白细胞介素18(IL-18)是一种能诱导IFN-γ产生的新型细胞因子。它具有多种生物学功能.能诱导Th1细胞和自然杀伤细胞产生干扰素γ,促进T淋巴细胞和自然杀伤细胞表达FasL,有较强的抗肿瘤和抗微生物感染的作用。 相似文献
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