有趣的国外农业科技

染出来的彩色鸡 法国东部一家养鸡场的科研人员极富想象力,他们把一种植性染料注入一些将要孵化的鸡蛋内,竟孵化出蓝、紫、青、粉、红等六种毛色的小鸡来,这些五颜六色的彩色小鸡一投放市场就大受欢迎.     

从容应对低迷市场

与2002年相反，今年蛋鸡市场现实状况是鸡多、蛋价低、饲料价格上涨。2002年，由于北方地区蛋鸡疫病减栏和饲料价格相对便宜，每只鸡利润7～10元。引发了新一轮养鸡热，小鸡价格盘升，货源紧张，重点孵化企业一直没有停机，养鸡数量急剧上升。回顾过去几年，我省1996年每公斤蛋价6．5元，每只鸡养殖利润达到20～30元。     

孵化期间鸡胚蛋内蛋白质转移的研究

对不同日龄的广西黄鸡胚蛋的卵白、卵黄,胚胎中粗蛋白,尿囊液中的尿素氮含量进行了测定,结果表明,这些指标呈一定规律性变化:前期卵黄、卵白中蛋白质含量稳定,卵白中蛋白质在孵化的第9和12天胚龄含量较高,之后极显著下降。卵黄中的粗蛋白质含量呈逐渐增加的趋势。胚胎中的粗蛋白含量从9～12d胚龄显著降低;尿囊液中尿素氮的含量在12～21d胚龄迅速增加,21d胚龄达到最高水平。说明蛋白在中期转移最多,后期利用率较低。     

非洲黑鸵鸟孵化规律的研究

非洲黑鸵鸟的平均孵化期为 41～ 42天 ,占出壳总数的 80 .7% ;种蛋的受精率为 71 .6% ,受精蛋孵化率为 89.7% ;非洲黑鸵鸟蛋重为 1 .1 5～ 1 .5 5kg ,平均 1 .43kg ,雏鸟初生重为 65 5～ 965 g ,平均 82 7.6g ,初生重占蛋重比例为 5 7.4% ,初生重与蛋重的相关系数为 0 .5 1 1 ,为显著正相关     

贵妃鸡的蛋用性能研究

贵妃鸡作为珍禽从欧洲引入我国后,除作为独立珍禽品种外,还参与鸡合成系和配套系的育种。本研究测定了经过4个世代闭锁群选育后笼养贵妃鸡的产蛋性能,统计了19—90周龄存栏母鸡的存活率和产蛋率,检测了36周龄和90周龄的蛋品质,分4批次进行了46—56周龄时的种蛋孵化。结果表明:72周龄入舍鸡产蛋量176.8个,存栏鸡产蛋量187.2个,90周龄入舍鸡产蛋量213.3个,存栏鸡产蛋量228.3个。36周龄贵妃鸡与90周龄相比蛋重差异极显著,蛋壳强度差异极显著,蛋白高度、哈氏单位、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄颜色等差异不显著。50周龄时贵妃鸡种蛋保存10 d的入孵蛋孵化率74.3%,种蛋保存30 d的入孵蛋孵化率63.6%。贵妃鸡笼养性能稳定,具有较强的抗应激能力,产蛋性能、鸡蛋品质和孵化性能有进一步提高的潜能。     

褐马鸡家鸡代孵及育雏技术

多年以来,太原市动物园持续开展褐马鸡的繁殖及育雏,建立了较大规模且稳定的繁育种群,成为全国唯一能每年成功繁育褐马鸡的动物园,为褐马鸡的保护及科学研究积累了一定的经验。笔者从繁殖、孵化、出雏、育雏等方面介绍2020年褐马鸡的家鸡代孵繁育技术。     

自然培养条件下全球变暖对山毛榉林土壤微生物活性的影响

Microbial activity in soil is known to be controlled by various factors. However, the operating mechanisms have not yet been clearly identified, particularly under climate change conditions, although they are crucial for understanding carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, a natural incubation experiment was carried out using intact soil cores transferred from high altitude(1 500 m) to low(900 m) altitude to mimic climate change scenarios in a typical cold-temperate mountainous area in Japan. Soil microbial activities, indicated by substrate-induced respiration(SIR) and metabolic quotient(q CO2), together with soil physicalchemical properties(abiotic factors) and soil functional enzyme and microbial properties(biotic factors), were investigated throughout the growing season in 2013. Results of principal component analysis(PCA) indicated that soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC) andβ-glucosidase activity were the most important factors characterizing the responses of soil microbes to global warming. Although there was a statistical difference of 2.82 ℃ between the two altitudes, such variations in soil physical-chemical properties did not show any remarkable effect on soil microbial activities, suggesting that they might indirectly impact carbon dynamics through biotic factors such as soil functional enzymes. It was also found that the biotic factors mainly controlled soil microbial activities at elevated temperature,which might trigger the inner soil dynamics to respond to the changing environment. Future studies should hence take more biotic variables into account for accurately projecting the responses of soil metabolic activities to climate change.     

孵化过程的模糊神经网络控制系统设计及应用

针对家禽孵化过程的复杂动态特点,设计了家禽孵化模糊神经网络控制系统,试验结果表明,该系统能够较好地实现孵化主要参数的稳定。     

新产蛋鸡冬季要限产

不少养鸡户认为,春孵新蛋新当年冬季产蛋率越高越好.其实不然.因为如果新产蛋鸡在冬季产蛋率超地60%,就会在来年春季蛋鸡应该是产蛋高峰期时发生停产换羽现象,特别是那些蛋用型良种鸡春季正值收集种蛋、繁殖雏鸡时节,更会因种蛋缺乏给繁殖优良种鸡带来影响.     

提高养鹅业生产水平的措施

1.提高鹅的良种化水平良种鹅所具备的条件应该是:种母鹅产蛋量高、种蛋受精率高,仔鹅生长速度快、群体发育均匀度高、羽毛颜色纯净,种鹅健康状况良好、疫苗接种规范。