The Study on the Effects of Chinese Herbal Mixtures on Growth, Activity of Post-Ruminal Digestive Enzymes and Serum Antioxidant Status of Beef Cattle

Sixteen Limousin×Luxi crossbred beef cattle [099.4±8.67) kg] were used to evaluate the effects of Chinese herbal mixtures (CHM) on growth, activities of post-ruminal digestive enzymes and serum antioxidant status of beef cattle. Treatments were control (no CHM supplementation) and three formulations of CHM (CHM-A, CHM-B and CHM-C) that were arranged as completely randomized design. The calves were fed in indoor individual feeding barn with total mixed ration for 90 d.The CHM-A, CHM-B, and CHM-C was incorporated into the diet at the level of 20 g kg-1 DM (dry matter) of concentrate.The cattle were weighted at the beginning, at the end and every 15 d between to determine growth rate. Blood sample was taken every 30 d to analyze activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). The cattle were slaughtered at the end of experiment and chymus samples from various section of the post-ruminal digestive tract were collected to analyze enzymes activities. All cattle had similar average daily gain, but cattle supplemented with CHM-A tended faster growth (P=0.08) compared to the control and other CHM treatments. Supplementation of CHM did not affect Ph of chymus in any section of the post-ruminal digestive tract.Activities of pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and lipase in chymus samples were enhanced (P<0.05) to various extents by supplementation of CHM-A, CHM-B, and CHM-C depending on the enzymes and the site of the digestive tract. Amylase activity was increased only by CHM-A and CHM-C from chymus sample collected at the ileum. Supplementation of CHM-A and CHM-B reduced (P<0.05) concentration of MDA, but did not affect GSH-PX activity in the serum of cattle throughout the entire experimental period. Cattle supplemented with CHM-B also had higher (P<0.05) T-SOD activity in the serum at day 30 and 60 as compared with the control and the other two CHM treatments. Chinese herbal mixtures supplemented at the levels of 20 g kg-1 DM of concentrate increased post-ruminal digestive enzymes activity and enhanced serum antioxidant status. Inclusion of CHM-A and CHM-B in the diet may be favourable for ruminant production.     

全球水牛业发展现状与我国奶水牛业的发展趋势

水牛具有适应性强、容易饲养、使用年限长、乳质优良等生物学特性,而且水牛奶营养丰富,干物质含量高,加工优势明显,是国际上最具竞争力的农产品之一.多年来,水牛为解决人类的食品供给、提供就业机会、增加农民收入、改善人民生活发挥了积极的作用.本文详细分析世界水牛业发展现状特点和趋势,全面分析了我国奶水牛业的发展现状和存在问题,...     

应用日本和牛改良本地黄牛效果的研究

为了提高我国本地黄牛生长性能和胴体品质,引进日本和牛冷冻精液,采用级进杂交的方法,实现和牛与本地黄牛杂交,产生第一代杂交牛.再用日本和牛冷冻精液给第一代杂交母牛人工输精,得到第二代杂交牛.对第一代和第二代杂交牛的生长性能和胴体品质进行了测定.结果显示第一代和第二代杂交牛的初生重、体尺、体重要高于本地黄牛(P＜0.05)...     

牛附睾和附睾液分析与牛附睾尾精子在模拟附睾液中存活试验

[目的]新鲜精液在离开生殖腺后存活时间很短.相关研究表明副睾液为精子的存活提供了特殊的环境.试验探讨和研究牛附睾精子在体外模拟附睾液中的存活试验的各因素的影响.[方法]试验对公牛附睾头部和尾部的摩尔渗透压和蛋白质浓度进行了分析,牛附睾尾部精子在不同蛋白浓度的CEP-2溶液中,在4℃条件下孵育120h.每24h做一次精子活力检测.[结果]5 d后精子活力仍然超过60;.附睾头、尾部的渗透压分别为(287.0±13.7)mOsm和(310.8±17.0)mOsm.蛋白浓度分别为(37.43±12.55)mg/mL和(50.58±11.08)mg/mL.[结论]附睾尾精子在蛋白浓度为40mg/mL,渗透压为345 mOsm时,精子存活率最高.     

山东地区牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒的分离鉴定

从山东某地区发生呼吸道症状的奶牛场中采集样品,按常规方法处理后,接种牛肾细胞(MD-BK),分离病毒,盲传3代后,接种病料的MDBK细胞出现细胞圆缩、聚集成葡萄串样群落、在单层细胞上形成空洞等病变,且随着传代次数的增加,细胞病变更加规律。对所分离病毒进行TCID50测定,其TCID50值为108/ml;用IBRV特异性引物对分离病毒进行PCR扩增,获得与设计基因片段大小一致的特异性条带,序列测定分析结果确认所分离病毒为牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒。     

牛流行热病毒山东地方株的分离与鉴定

利用BHK-21细胞,接种山东济南地区疑似牛流行热病牛高热期的抗凝血,经盲传3代,分离到1株病毒,经RT-PCR鉴定为牛流行热病毒,命名为BEFV-SD。理化特性试验表明:BEFV-SD对热敏感,56℃10 min、37℃18 h可被灭活,对乙醚、氯仿等敏感;BEFV-SD可被BEFV阳性血清中和,中和效价为1∶408;将BEFV-SD的G基因与GenBank中公布的BEFV进行同源性比较,同源性达到96.3%以上。     

75%苯磺隆水分散粒剂的研制

介绍了75%苯磺隆水分散粒剂(WDG)的制备方法,并确定了最佳配方,简述了该剂型的特点、配方组成、加工工艺、贮存稳定性以及性能测定。试验结果表明:该产品的各项指标符合水分散性粒剂的要求,如悬浮率为92.1%,崩解时间在1min以内,在(54±2)℃下贮存14d后的分解率小于5%,且产品的各项指标均符合水分散粒剂的要求。     

荷斯坦奶牛产奶量遗传力的估计

[目的]探究新疆呼图壁种牛场荷斯坦奶牛主要经济性状的遗传力.[方法]收集呼图壁种牛场1996～2010年15年间荷斯坦牛泌乳期的生产性能记录,其中包括9 901条奶产量记录.采用SAS(8.1)最小二乘分析过程分析场、年度、季节、胎次四个非遗传因素对新疆呼图壁种牛场荷斯坦牛产奶量的影响.[结果]场、年度、季节、胎次四个非遗传因素对产奶量均有极显著影响(P＜0.01).[结论]根据各因素的显著情况进行了固定效应划分,利用MTDFREML软件对荷斯坦牛进行遗传参数估计,估计了产奶量的方差组分和遗传力,产奶量的遗传力为0.4.     

秦川牛FABP4基因重组腺病毒载体的构建与鉴定

【目的】旨在通过构建秦川牛FABP4基因的重组腺病毒载体,为在细胞水平研究FABP4基因的功能和作用机制做准备。【方法】根据GenBank收录的牛FABP4基因mRNA序列设计引物,PCR扩增并克隆测序。将目的基因连接到穿梭载体pAdTrack-CMV上并用PmeⅠ线性化后,转化含有腺病毒骨架载体pAdEasy-1的E. coli BJ5183感受态细胞进行同源重组,得到重组质粒pAd-FABP4,并用PacⅠ酶切鉴定。将经过PacⅠ线性化的pAd-FABP4转染HEK 293A细胞进行病毒包装和扩增,TCID50法测定病毒滴度。【结果】经测序鉴定本次克隆的FABP4 序列与GenBank收录的一致。 酶切鉴定、绿色荧光观察、PCR及测序检测均证明,重组腺病毒载体构建成功并获得重组腺病毒AD-FABP4,病毒滴度为1.58×109 PFU•mL-1。【结论】成功构建了秦川牛FABP4基因重组腺病毒载体并获得高滴度的重组腺病毒。     

胺苯磺隆胁迫对水稻幼苗保护酶与内源激素的影响

[目的]通过研究低浓度的胺苯磺隆引起不同叶龄水稻叶片中保护酶和内源激素含量的变化,探讨超低浓度胺苯磺隆促生长效应的生理机制。[方法]通过土培法用2个浓度胺苯磺隆分别处理不同叶龄的水稻,15 d后采集水稻叶片,用愈创木酚-过氧化氢法测定过氧化物酶(POD)活性,用邻苯二酚法测定多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性,用ELISA法测定水稻叶片中GA、ZR、ABA的含量。[结果]胺苯磺隆2μg/kg(干土)处理后水稻叶中PPO活性提高,POD活性降低但接近对照,GA、ZR含量显著增加,ABA含量则减少,GA/ABA的比值高于对照;胺苯磺隆20μg/kg处理,水稻叶中POD活性明显提高,PPO活性低于对照但接近对照,GA、ZR含量均显著减少,ABA含量则显著增加,GA/ABA的比值低于对照。7叶期处理的水稻叶片中3种激素含量与对照的差异最小。[结论]胺苯磺隆2μg/kg处理水稻,叶片内GA/ABA比值大于对照,对水稻生长有促进作用,20μg/kg浓度时,则GA/ABA比值明显小于对照,水稻生长受到抑制,同时,胺苯磺隆对7叶期水稻生长效应弱于4叶期前的水稻。