驻马店市驿城区夏玉米小斑病的发生与防治

驻马店市驿城区是驻马店市粮食主产区,又是河南粮食核心区,玉米常年播种面积3.87万hm2左右,以玉米小斑病为主的病虫害目前成为全区粮食增产的一个巨大障碍。玉米小斑病又称玉米斑点病,病原菌为玉蜀黍平脐蠕孢菌,属半知菌亚门     

对有关猪魏氏梭菌研究文献的计量分析

本文通过查阅与猪魏氏梭菌有关的研究文献,并结合研究现状,从发表时间、文献来源、文献作者、研究主题等方面入手,分析有关猪魏氏梭菌的研究现状。通过分析发现,相关研究文献较少,故在今后有必要加强对猪魏氏梭菌的研究。     

网围养蟹对浮游植物群落结构变化的影响

2008年6月至2009年5月,调查了阳澄湖网围养殖区及对应湖泊区域3组对照点的浮游植物群落结构特征,分析了浮游植物群落结构与环境变量之间的关系,利用多种参数对其水质进行评价。经鉴定,共采集到浮游植物8门116属275种,网围内主要优势种为不定微囊藻(Microcyst isincerta)、铜绿微囊藻(M.aeruginosa)和伪鱼腥藻属未定种(Pseudoanabaena sp.),网围外主要优势种为不定微囊藻、铜绿微囊藻、伪鱼腥藻属未定种及密集微囊藻(M. densa)。网围内浮游植物生物密度年均值[(3 143. 38±3 660. 84)×104个/L]及生物量[(3. 71±2. 31) mg/L]均低于网围外湖区对照点生物密度年均值[(3 830. 77±4 296. 56)×104个/L]及生物量[(5. 24±4. 10) mg/L]。冗余分析(RDA)表明,水温是影响浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子,与生物密度呈正相关关系。水质分析表明,网围内外水体均为富营养化中污染水平,且3组对照点之间无显著性差异(P 0. 05)。     

植树大王——乔长生

老乔出名并不是因为他从1999年就办起了橡胶厂．而是因为他是一位植树迷。自2003年以来,他先后承包了闲散荒地300多亩、河滩4000米、防护林带6700米,投资30余万元共栽种树木91000株,到现在棵棵树胸径18厘米以上。在他的带领下,全村的废弃荒地全部绿了起来．实现了农田林网化、荒废地林荫化。     

温室土壤食物网静态和动态结构特征

Soil food web structure is fundamental to ecosystem process and function; most studies on soil food web structure have focused on agro-ecosystems under different management practices and natural terrestrial ecosystems, but seldom on greenhouses. This study explored the static and temporal variability of soil food structure in two greenhouses of Shandong Province, North China over a two-year period. The static properties were measured directly by surveying functional group composition and a series of parameters portraying the species properties, link properties, chain properties and omnivory properties of the web, as well as indirectly through calculation of nematode indices, enrichment index （EI）, structure index （SI）, and channel index （CI）. The dynamic variability of greenhouse soil food structure was described by the dynamics of functional groups, Bray-Curtis （BC） similarity and cluster analysis. The results showed that the greenhouse soil food web contained 14 functional groups, with microbes having the highest mean biomass, followed by protozoa. Of the three functional groups of protozoa, flagellates were the dominant group on most sampling dates, amoebae only became the dominant group during the summer, while ciliates were the least prevalent group. All nematodes were assigned into one of the four functional groups, bacterivorous, fungivorous, herbivorous and omnivorous, and the fungivorous nematodes had the lowest mean biomass. Mites were assigned into three functional groups and the omnivorous noncryptostigmatic mites were the dominant group. All the functional groups showed significant seasonal changes. The soil food web connectance was 0.15, the maximum food chain length was 5, and the average food chain length was 3.6. The profiles of the EI and SI showed that the food web was resource- depleted with minimal structure. The results of CI indicated that the bacterial decomposition pathway was the dominant pathway in the food web of the greenhouse soils studied and the results of BC similarity showed that the soil food web had higher variability and instability over time. The cluster analysis showed that the functional groups located at high trophic levels with low biomass were in a cluster, whereas those at low trophic levels with high biomass were closer. Compared with the food web structure of agroecosystem and natural terrestrial ecosystem soils, the structure of greenhouse soil food web was simple and unstable, which was likely driven by high agricultural intensification, particularly over application of fertilizers.     

主动型配电网日前调度策略研究

相对于传统配电网,主动型配电网可以合理利用其双向调度功能,充分发挥分布式发电容量,在保护环境的同时还可以提高电力公司的效益。以电力公司效益最大为调度目标,针对主动型配电网调度问题,该文计及输电和高压配电网网损的影响,提出了一种配电网日前优化调度模型,通过该模型对微电网电源交互功率和分布式电源进行优化调度,同时确定最佳渗透率,不仅可以有效地削峰填谷,还可以根据最佳渗透率调整分布式电源的功率,使电力公司效益最大化。算例研究表明,电网中接在距离电源点较近的节点下的主动型配电网,通过该文提出的优化调度模型,得出渗透率为21.14%时,电力公司效益最高。该研究可为主动型配电网日前调度策略以及分布式电源最佳渗透率的制定提供参考。     

沼液淹没土壤抑制根结线虫及对土壤线虫群落的影响

为探索沼液抑制根结线虫的效果,本研究通过盆栽试验,以番茄为试供作物,对比了种植前沼液淹没土壤(BSS)、种植期间浇灌沼液(BS)和加热(HE)3种方法对根结线虫的防控效果。结果表明,与不采取任何措施的对照(CK)处理相比, BSS处理抑制根结线虫效果最为明显,防效高达97.1%,根结指数分别比HE和BS处理降低96.9%和92.9%。HE处理尽管在处理土壤后显著降低了根结线虫数量,但在最后破坏性取样时(结束试验)出现反弹,根结线虫数量甚至高于CK处理。对于土壤线虫群落,CK处理中以植食性线虫为主(81.8%);两个沼液处理中食细菌线虫占优势(平均78.3%),且其中的杂食捕食性线虫在土壤前处理后消失,在试验结束时又重新出现,但所占比例依然非常低。沼液淹水方式的高效防控效果揭示了利用沼液防控根结线虫的关键期在于线虫入侵到植物根部之前的幼虫期。然而,在盆栽系统中,沼液淹水的方式也对作物生长表现出了一定的抑制趋势。高量沼液施用防控病害的同时引发的植物毒害作用以及环境污染风险,需要进一步开展田间研究。     

植物根系对土壤侵蚀控制机理的研究

介绍了近年来植物根系对土壤侵蚀控制机理的研究进展。在水文效应和机械效应两个方面,植物根系通过增强土壤的抗冲性、渗透能力、抗剪强度以及根系网的固土功能提高土壤的抗侵蚀能力。     

IWOS系统在配网故障处理中的应用

随着我国经济社会的不断发展,全社会用电量不断上升,对电网的可靠性、安全性和电能质量也提出越来越高的要求。由于历史原因,配网建设欠账较多,总体基础薄弱,发展落后于主网,区域、城乡之间发展不均衡,水平差异大,存在明显短板。随着电动汽车、分布式电源、微电网、储能装置的快速发展,对配电网的安全性、经济性、互动性、适应性提出越来越高的要求。在国家电网公司建设“大运行”体系、推进地调县调一体化进程背景下,建设安全智能的配网自动化系统成为当务之急,但现有配网线路大多存在着技术、设备落后等问题,自动化水平不高,难以直接建成大规模的配网自动化系统。     

圩垸内部排水沟网与二级泵站优化组合的计算机模拟模型

平原圩区水干河以下存在众我圩垸，其中大量低洼圩垸内部涝水不能自排入干河，需靠二级泵站抽排。文章针对这类圩区特点，建立了包括排水沟网布置、沟断面尺寸、湖泊和二级泵站规模的数字模拟模型，并提高了模型试验和多目标决策的方案优选方法，实例研究表明，模型仿真性能好，具有可操作性。