红枣气体射流冲击干燥收缩特性研究

Chinese jujube originated in China and has a long historical standing. China is the only country which can produce a great amount of Chinese jujube in the world. Modern research showed that the nutrition of Chinese jujube is abundant. Chinese jujube has great medicinal and food value, with high economic value and good prospects for development. Shrinkage characteristics of dates generally refer to volume shrinkage characteristics of whole dates. Large fruit and plump grain appearance of dates is the first choice of consumers to buy elements. The volume of dried jujube points to the consumer’s heart, and is an important indicator of consumers whether to buy. Jujube processing enterprises grade the date in accordance with its size, different grades dates have different value and price. Therefore, drying is the most important steps during the dates processing as it affects directly the quality of the product, and the shrinkage characteristics is the most important quality characteristic of Chinese jujube after drying. However, the traditional natural desiccation and desiccation in the drying room of the red dates has many problems. The conventional drying method for Chinese jujube has some disadvantages of severe shrinkage, long drying time and large energy consumption etc. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of dried Chinese jujube and reduce the shrinkage, it is imperative to replace the traditional drying method with the modern technologies. Air impingement drying technology was applied to dry Chinese jujube. The drying characteristics of shrinkage, moisture effective diffusivity considering shrinkage characteristics and the activation energy of Chinese jujube shrinkage were investigated under different air temperatures (55, 60, 65 and 70℃) and air velocities (6, 9, 12 and 15m/s). The dynamic changes of the regular pattern for the shrinkage characteristic of Chinese jujube in the air impingement drying process were studied, the results showed that the volume relative shrinkage ratio of Chinese jujube appeared to increase and then decrease with the increase of air temperature and air velocity. Considering shrinkage characteristics, the moisture effective diffusivity of Chinese jujube in the air impingement drying process through the Fick’s second law was obtained. The diffusivity appeared to increase and then decrease with the decrease in moisture content in dry basis of Chinese jujube. The Arrhenius equation calculated the shrinkage activation energy of the Chinese jujube was 1281kJ/mol. This research provided technical basis for shrinkage characteristics of Chinese jujube using air impingement drying technology.     

夹竹桃花挥发油的GC-MS分析及β-葡萄糖苷酶对夹竹桃花的增香和豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌的作用

目的:建立夹竹桃花挥发油GC-MS的色谱分离鉴定方法,分析夹竹桃花挥发油的化学成分和对豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌的作用。方法:采用挥发油提取器提取夹竹桃花挥发油,以GC-MS法进行分析鉴定,建立了豚鼠离体子宫模型。结果:分别从无酶和有酶的夹竹桃花挥发油提取物中确证了58和57个化合物,挥发油对豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌有收缩作用。结论:对夹竹桃的挥发油化学成分进行了比较分析结果表明,β-葡萄糖苷酶对夹竹桃花有较弱增香作用,也能增加豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩。     

不加热收缩补口材料的研制

针对3PE防腐涂层外层聚乙烯为非极性材料的问题,提出采用不加热收缩材料进行3PE层结构补口的方法。从无溶剂环氧底漆和溶剂型快干底漆的研制、内层防腐粘结片的结构与特性及PVC片材的改性研究与溶剂选择等方面介绍了补口材料的研制过程及材料所达到的技术指标。     

基于尺度噪声水平估计的双树复数小波变换图像去噪方法

利用噪声与图像双树复数小波变换各层系数的关系,提出基于尺度噪声水平估计的双树复数小波变换图像去噪方法并进行了试验.结果表明,该估计方法与图像噪声水平近似线性相关,能很好地反映各层系数的噪声水平.双变量收缩函数阈值去噪法采用该估计比采用全局噪声水平估计去噪效果更好,平均结构相似度明显提高.     

极小素子模及其拓扑性质

研究极小素子模及其性质,特别是研究了拓扑模、乘法模上的极小素子模的结构及性质,也研究了极小素子模谱的拓扑性质。     

降脂消斑片对冠心病患者左心室收缩功能的影响

目的 评价降脂消斑片对冠心病患者左心室收缩功能的影响。方法 将60例冠心病患者随机分为对照组30例和观察组30例。两组均服用复方丹参滴丸治疗,观察组加服降脂消斑片治疗,疗程为8周。对两组治疗前后均进行心脏长轴切面18节段斑点追踪成像（STI）的纵向峰值应变（LS）参数测定及心电图观察。结果 观察组在提高各节段STI的LS方面均优于对照组,差异有显著统计学意义（P<0.01）。两组患者心电图疗效比较,观察组疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 降脂消斑片能改善冠心病患者左心室收缩功能。     

忍冬藤提取物对兔离体肠平滑肌的舒张作用及其机制

【目的】胃肠平滑肌过度收缩可引起腹痛腹泻等临床常见的疾病。目前,临床上对治疗胃肠平滑肌过度收缩的药物主要以西药为主,如钙离子通道阻断药硝苯地平和抗胆碱药阿托品等,硝苯地平长期使用可引起负性肌力和负性传导的现象,而阿托品由于其不良反应较大,在临床应用中受到一定的限制。因此,开发具有有效防治胃肠平滑肌痉挛、低毒、低残留的天然中草药意义重大。试验以兔离体小肠平滑肌为研究对象,利用丰富的忍冬藤资源,研究忍冬藤提取物对兔离体小肠平滑肌收缩的影响,并探讨其作用机制。【方法】采用兔离体小肠平滑肌试验,应用BL-420E生物机能实验系统,观察忍冬藤提取物对正常状态下兔离体小肠平滑肌自发性收缩的影响;进而使用工具药乙酰胆碱、组胺和氯化钡致兔小肠痉挛性收缩后,观察忍冬藤提取物对其痉挛性收缩的影响;为研究忍冬藤提取物抑制兔离体小肠平滑肌收缩的作用机制,应用IP_3受体阻断剂肝素(HP)、肌浆网ryanodine受体阻断剂钌红(RR)和一氧化氮合酶抑制剂左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME),探明忍冬藤提取物对兔离体小肠平滑肌作用的机制。【结果】忍冬藤提取物可浓度依赖性抑制兔离体小肠平滑肌自发性收缩,药物浓度在7.5 g·L~(-1)时可显著抑制兔离体小肠平滑肌收缩的频率(P0.05),药物浓度在5g·L~(-1)时可极显著抑制兔离体小肠平滑肌收缩的振幅(P0.05);工具药乙酰胆碱、组胺和氯化钡可显著诱导兔小肠平滑肌收缩的振幅,忍冬藤提取物可显著抑制由乙酰胆碱、组胺和氯化钡诱导的兔离体小肠平滑肌收缩的频率(P0.05),可极显著抑制兔离体小肠平滑肌收缩的振幅(P0.01)。IP_3受体阻断剂肝素能增强忍冬藤提取物舒张兔离体小肠平滑肌收缩的作用(P0.01),而肌浆网ryanodine受体阻断剂钌红对忍冬藤提取物舒张兔小肠平滑肌的作用无明显影响(P0.05)。左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯能够部分阻断忍冬藤提取物舒张兔离体小肠平滑肌收缩的作用(P0.01)。【结论】忍冬藤提取物可显著抑制兔离体小肠平滑肌收缩的频率和振幅,其机制可能与增加一氧化氮浓度,抑制IP_3受体介导的内钙释放有关,但对肌浆网ryanodine受体途径引起的内钙释放无关。     

作物茎秆膨胀收缩监测柔性可穿戴传感器研制与试验

作物茎秆膨胀和收缩变化与其水分状态密切相关,实时监测茎秆的膨胀和收缩变化能够及时掌握作物水分状态,对指导灌溉、提高农业水资源利用率具有重要意义。目前,对于作物茎秆膨胀和收缩变化的监测主要采用基于线性微位移测量原理的传感器,通过测量茎秆的膨胀和收缩引起的位移变化来反映水分状态,存在体积大、价格高、安装不便等问题。为此,该研究提出了一种基于压阻效应的柔性可穿戴传感器,采用柔性压力电极作为传感元件,贴附在作物茎秆表面,通过监测茎秆膨胀和收缩引起的压力变化来反映作物的水分状态,压力检测电路和数据采集电路将作物茎秆的压力信号转换成电信号进行输出和存储。首先在实验室环境下对传感器性能进行测试和标定,然后在温室环境下将传感器安装在番茄茎秆上观测番茄茎秆的压力变化,并与线性微位移传感器观测结果进行比较,最后在充分灌溉和水分亏缺2种条件下观测番茄茎秆的膨胀和收缩变化。结果表明,柔性压力传感器稳定性测试的平均相对变化率为0.109%;弯折前后引起的输出变化非常小,可以忽略不计;标定结果的决定系数大于0.99,最合适的工作压力范围为2～100 kPa;实验室环境下,柔性压力传感器与线性微位移传感器输出值之间的决定系数为0.9551;温室环境下,充分灌溉组中柔性压力传感器与线性微位移传感器输出值变化趋势一致,两者之间的决定系数为0.7672,亏缺灌溉组中两类传感器输出值均因水分亏缺而呈现下降趋势,输出值之间的决定系数为0.8519。本文所设计的柔性可穿戴压力传感器不仅能够实时监测番茄茎秆的膨胀和收缩变化,还可以对番茄亏水胁迫进行诊断,为实现高效节水灌溉提供重要的技术支撑。     

AT2受体与血管新生内膜形成

血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngiotensinⅡ,AngⅡ)是心血管系统的重要活性物质,通过组织局部的特异性受体发挥作用。根据其受体的药理学和生物学特性的不同,目前分为4个亚型:AT1R、AT2R、AT3R和AT4R。在人体主要存在AT1R和AT2R亚型。近年来,对AT2R认识不断深入,其作用机制也备受关注。大量研