奶牛场补饲生物素防控奶牛肢蹄病临床效果观察

选取垦区的133团、134团、143团、石总场、147团、149团的12个奶牛场的902头健康奶牛和750头患有肢蹄病奶牛作为试验对象,试验从2013年6月25日开始,2016年10月15日结束,验证补饲生物素防控奶牛肢蹄病的临床效果。试验结果显示,补饲生物素3年后,902头健康奶牛中仅有11头奶牛患肢蹄病;对治疗奶牛蹄叶炎、指间皮炎、蹄糜烂和蹄底溃疡的发生有极显著效果,对治疗奶牛肢蹄病(蹄糜烂、蹄底溃疡、白线裂、蹄踵蹄尖溃疡等)的效果不显著。     

1株奶牛源松鼠葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为确定奶牛垫料中是否含有病原菌并深入了解垫料中优势生长菌的类型、耐药性及致病性等情况,本试验进行了细菌分离培养、革兰染色镜检、生化试验鉴定、16S rDNA序列分析及同源性比对、药敏试验、小鼠致病性试验。结果显示,分离菌在普通营养琼脂平板上形成圆形、表面光滑的白色菌落,血琼脂平板上形成黏稠、较大的白色菌落。革兰染色镜检结果显示,分离菌为革兰阳性,球型,呈葡萄串状排列,或单个散落。生化试验结果显示,分离菌对木糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、果糖、乳糖、硝酸盐还原等呈阳性反应,而蜜二糖、木糖醇、山梨醇、尿素、V-P反应等呈阴性反应。16S rDNA序列分析结果显示,扩增的16S rDNA序列长度为1 298 bp,与松鼠葡萄球菌的核苷酸同源性达99.85%~100%;系统进化树结果显示,分离菌与松鼠葡萄球菌处于同一分支。动物试验结果表明,分离菌株对试验小鼠有较强的致病性,以0.2 mL/只（7.9×10⁸ CFU/mL）菌液的剂量接种小鼠,在48 h内死亡率为60%（3/5）。药敏特性分析结果显示,分离菌株对复方新诺明、氨苄西林等7种药物敏感,对克林霉素、头孢噻肟和头孢呋辛中度敏感,对青霉素、红霉素和林可霉素耐药。本研究为奶牛源松鼠葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及防控提供了参考依据。     

荷斯坦奶牛休息时间的群体特征及影响因素分析

为探究北京地区荷斯坦奶牛休息时间的群体规律及影响因素,本研究收集了北京地区某规模化牧场2018年4月至2020年4月共838头荷斯坦奶牛的休息时间及对应的奶牛生产性能测定记录及环境温湿度数据,利用SAS 9.2软件的GLM过程分析了年份、季节、场区、胎次和泌乳月等因素对荷斯坦奶牛休息时间的影响,并分析了休息时间对荷斯坦奶牛生产性能的影响。结果显示,荷斯坦奶牛平均休息时间为397.39 min/d,范围为87.74~707.03 min/d,变异系数为26%;休息时间随季节呈先降低后升高的趋势,夏季最低,冬季最高;随环境温湿度的升高而逐渐降低;产犊和发病对休息时间均有较大影响,产犊和发病当天奶牛休息时间均存在一个峰值,之后逐渐降低至正常水平;测定年份、季节、场区、胎次和泌乳月份对休息时间均有极显著影响（P<0.01）;荷斯坦奶牛产奶量随休息时间的升高而降低。本研究为利用自动化记录设备探究奶牛的行为规律及利用连续测定的休息时间数据提高牛群的精准管理水平提供了理论依据。     

奶牛腹膜炎的防治

奶牛腹膜炎是一种因细菌进入奶牛腹腔而引起的感染性疾病,该病不仅会导致脏器炎症的出现,使奶牛采食量以及泌乳量受到影响,甚至会导致奶牛食欲废绝病引发死亡,因而需要对该病进行深入研究,避免奶牛生产性能受到影响。1发病原因1.1犊牛脐带感染犊牛脐带感染,一方面会导致犊牛脐炎的发生,另一方面会引发犊牛腹膜炎。如果没有做好断脐处理工作,脐带常常发生感染,其炎症可逐渐上行并扩散至腹腔,因而引发局限性的腹膜炎,随着病情的发展还极容易转变为广泛性腹膜炎。     

以呼吸障碍为主症的奶牛疾病鉴别诊断

在奶牛养殖过程中,时常会发生一些疾病。尤其是在冬季,奶牛常常会出现干咳、呼吸困难等病情,这对于奶牛的身体健康状况和产出牛奶的质量都会造成极大的影响,进而对养殖场造成严重的经济损失。所以,及时的确诊是非常重要的。通过对奶牛所表现的病情进行鉴别和诊断对于奶牛的疾病来说尤为重要。     

奶牛瘤胃积食的不同治疗方法探究

本文针对奶牛瘤胃积食病症为研究对象,探索其治疗方案,尝试提升奶牛瘤胃积食症状的治疗效果,分别从中西结合、中医等视角逐一阐述,试图为奶牛瘤胃积食病症治疗提供有效依据。     

农业部要求加强畜牧业技术推广工作

农业部发出《关于2003年畜牧业技术推广工作的指导意见》,要求各级畜牧主管部门按照农业部的总体部署,重点做好以下几个方面的工作:一是奶牛品种改良与规范化饲养技术。今年是农业部实施《奶牛优势区域发展规划》的第一年,在奶业优势区域,要通过推广人工授精及胚胎移植技术,加速品种改良。要以奶牛养殖小区为载体,大力推广科学饲养、集中挤奶及鲜奶保藏运输等方面的技术,建立规范化的饲养管理及生产方式。推广科学的免疫程序和奶牛疫病综合防治技术,合理用药,减少兽药残留,提高奶品质量。二是优质肉牛肉羊生产技术。在肉牛优势发展区域,推广…     

奶牛乳铁蛋白基因部分序列的PCR—SSCP分析

本研究采用PCR－SSCP方法对奶牛乳铁蛋白基因的第7、12外显子和5′调控区部分序列进行多态性分析，发现该基因5′调控区一段长227bp的DNA片段上存在多态性。经过对突变纯合（BB）的两头奶牛个体进行测序分析后证明，位于起始位点上游CAAT框－926和－915位置分别具有G→A及T→G点突变，同时在－839和－811位置分别具有C和T单碱基的。等位基因A、B的频率分别为0.898和0.102。     

Study on Clinical Efficacy of Oligosaccharide Sulfate and Dextran Sulfate Against Bovine Mastitis

In order to detect the clinical efficacy of oligosaccharide sulfate(DEAE) and dextran sulfate (DS-4000) against bovine mastitis,56 cows with bovine mastitis were divided into 5 groups (DEAE group,DS-4000 group,DEAE＋penicillin group,DS-4000＋penicillin group and penicillin group),and their breasts were perfusion with different drugs twice one day for 3 days.The effective rates of drugs were observed by clinic symptoms.Milk samples were collected before and after treatment of drugs,and the bacterial negative conversion rate of each group were detected by microbial examination.The results showed that total effective rates of 5 groups were 10.00%,20.00%,58.33%,75.00% and 50.00%,respectively,and the bacterial negative conversion rates were 0,12.50%,50.00%,54.55% and 44.44%,respectively.In conclusion,the curative efficiencies of the polysaccharides against bovine mastitis were weak,but it could be improved by combination with penicillin.     

Effects of Supplemental Complex Water Soluble Vitamin on Production Performance,Blood Biochemical Parameters and Oxidation Resistance of Dairy Cows

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of supplemental complex water soluble vitamins on production performance, blood biochemical parameters and oxidative resistance of dairy cows in spring and summer.The experiment was designed by 2×2 factorial randomized blocks design.Eighty healthy dairy cows with similar parity and body weight were randomly divided to four groups, with 7 days of adaptation and 70 d experimental phase.The dairy cows in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ were fed a basal diet supplemented with complex water soluble vitamins in spring.The dairy cows in group Ⅱ and Ⅳ were fed a basal diet supplemented with complex water soluble vitamins in summer.The results showed that the ADFI and daily milk yield of dairy cows receiving water soluble vitamin in spring were extremely significantly higher (P<0.01);The ADFI of dairy cows receiving water soluble vitamin was significantly higher in summer (P<0.05) and daily milk yield were extremely significantly higher (P<0.01);The butterfat rate was extremely significantly increased and SCC was extremely significantly decreased in spring and summer (P<0.01);Supplementation of water soluble vitamin was also significantly increased LYM (P<0.05).In summer, T-AOC, T-SOD were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01), and TP, CK, LDH, TP, HDL and ALB were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01) by water soluble vitamin supplementation than that of control group.In conclusion, complex water soluble vitamins could increase the production performance and non-specific immune function, improve the oxidative resistance and relieved the heat stress of the dairy cows.