奶牛常见行为分析

奶牛常见的行为表现为自身对环境的适应性,文章分析了奶牛的一般行为和生理行为,为养殖户掌握奶牛状态提供参考。     

奶牛乳房炎的综合防治

奶牛乳房炎一直以来是奶牛场常见病、高发病,也是造成奶牛养殖业损失最严重的疾病。病因复杂,如果不及时治疗就会导致群发,致使产乳量降低,造成较大经济损失。文章从奶牛乳房炎的类型、病因、防治措施等方面对奶牛乳房炎进行了介绍,以期为对奶牛养殖者提供参考。     

奶牛乳房炎的防控措施

奶牛乳房炎是奶牛乳腺因外伤、化学刺激、感染或发炎的一种病理反应,是奶牛的一种多发性疾病,也是奶牛产奶生产中危害最大的疾病之一。乳房炎不仅会造成奶产量、奶品质的下降、治疗费用增加和废弃奶损失,甚至还会导致奶牛快速淘汰,给牛场造成极大的经济损失。文章提出奶牛乳房炎的防控措施应采取预防为主,以防治结合,加强饲养监管和保持舍卫生。     

甘肃省某奶牛场肠杆菌性乳房炎主要病原菌的分离鉴定与耐药性分析

为查明甘肃省某奶牛场发生临床型奶牛乳房炎的主要病原菌并选择治疗用敏感药物,随机无菌采集了6份临床型病牛乳样和1份大罐乳样,采用划线分离、菌落形态观察、革兰染色镜检、生化鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析等方法进行细菌分离鉴定,同时采用K-B法测定主要分离菌株对抗菌药物的敏感性。结果表明,从临床型乳房炎乳样中分离鉴定出大肠埃希菌、芽胞杆菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(腐生葡萄球菌)3种细菌,其中大肠埃希菌的分离率最高,为66.67%;从大罐奶样中也分离出大肠埃希菌。药敏试验结果表明,大肠埃希菌对氨苄青霉素、阿莫西林、头孢噻吩、杆菌肽、红霉素均存在不同程度的耐药,耐药率为29%~100%;对诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考、头孢哌酮等药物敏感。说明此次牛场临床型乳房炎的主要病原菌是大肠埃希菌、葡萄球菌和芽胞杆菌,而且分离的大肠埃希菌具有多重耐药性。根据检测分析结果,给奶牛场提出针对性的防控措施,临床型乳房炎的发病率下降,病情得以控制。     

奶牛酮病的病因及预防措施

对奶牛酮病的病因进行了介绍,并提出了相应的预防措施。     

魏百刚:河北奶业进入提档升级、加快发展的最好时期

本刊讯(记者杜洁茹)为了提升中国奶业品牌形象,加快建设现代奶业,4月8日,以"推进奶源供给侧改革提升民族奶业竞争力"为主题,首届D20企业奶源转型升级高峰论坛在河北保定召开。本届论坛由中国奶业协会、国家奶牛产业技术体系主办,河北省奶业协会、君乐宝乳业有限公司、中鼎联合牧业股份有限公司协办。中国奶业协会会长高鸿宾,农业部奶业管理办公室马莹副主任、河北省农业厅厅长魏百刚、副厅长张强,国家奶牛产业技     

基于SELDI-TOF-MS技术的奶牛乳热血浆蛋白质组学分析

奶牛乳热是围产期奶牛营养代谢性疾病,对于奶牛乳热在病理方面少有血浆蛋白质组学的研究。本研究目的是探究奶牛乳热在蛋白质组学层面的变化。试验21头患有奶牛乳热的奶牛和59头健康奶牛作为试验动物。试验通过SELDI-TOF-MS技术检验得到24个差异肽段的峰值,其中10个肽段经过Swissport Protein数据库搜索鉴定为10种差异蛋白。结果相对于对照组,乳热组中表达上调的蛋白4个;表达下调的蛋白2个;还有既表达上调又表达下调的蛋白4个。结论本次试验应用SELDI-TOF-MS技术鉴定了几个在奶牛发生乳热时表达的差异蛋白质。这些发现也为以后揭示奶牛乳热代谢性改变提供了依据。     

Effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on Rumen Dry Matter Digestibility,Fermentation Parameters and Metabolites of Dairy Cows北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on rumen dry matter digestibility, fermentation parameters and metabolites of dairy cows. Experiment 1: six dairy cows with permanent fistula and had the similar parity (2 to 3 fetuses), body weight [(662 ±57) kg], lactation days [(160 ± 22) d] and milk yield [(36.1 ±3.8) kg / d], were randomly divided into 3 groups with 2 cows per group. Using 3 ×3 Latin square design, each group was extra fed 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, the trial period was 3 periods, 13 days for each period, including 10 days for the pre-trial period and 3 days for the trial period. At the beginning of the trial period, the rumen dry matter digestibility of cows was measured by nylon bag method. Experiment 2: thirty dairy cows with similar parity [(2.5 ±0.3) fetuses], initial body weight [(559.2 ± 7. 4) kg], milk yield [(35. 2 ± 1. 5) kg / d] and lactation days [(99 ± 22) d] were randomly divided into three groups with 10 cows in each group. Cows in the 3 groups were extra fed with 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, respectively. The pre-trial period was 10 days and the trial period was 42 days. The rumen fluid was collected on the last day of the trial period, and the rumen fermentation parameters and metabolites were determined. The results showed as follows: compared with the control group, 1) supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h (P <0.05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 36 and 48 h (P <0.05); 2) supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, total volatile fatty acid and microbial protein in the rumen of dairy cows (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in the rumen of dairy cows and significantly reduce the rumen acetic acid / propionic acid (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 Bacillus amylolyticus had no effects on rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen content (P >0.05); 3) eleven metabolic pathways related to differential metabolites were detected, and ascorbic acid and alginate metabolism were significantly enriched (P < 0. 05) . In conclusion, Bacillus amylolyticus can increase the rumen dry matter digestibility, and improve the rumen fermentation function of dairy cows by affecting the content of rumen metabolites. By comprehensive analysis, supplementary feeding of 5 × 109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus can achieve better effect. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

复合益生菌对奶牛生产性能、乳品质及血清生化指标的影响

文章旨在研究复合益生菌对奶牛生产性能、乳品质及血清生化指标的影响。试验选取60头胎次、产奶量接近的泌乳期奶牛,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复5头。其中,对照组、试验1、2、3组奶牛分别在基础日粮中添加0、1、2、3 g/kg的复合益生菌,试验为期42 d。结果显示：（1）在奶牛生产性能方面,试验2组（2 g/kg复合益生菌）奶牛的4%乳脂校正乳（4%FCM）显著高于对照组（0 g/kg复合益生菌）（P <0.05）;(2)在乳品质方面,试验1组（1 g/kg复合益生菌）、试验2组（2 g/kg复合益生菌）、试验3组（3 g/kg复合益生菌）的乳蛋白率（MPP）显著高于对照组（0 g/kg复合益生菌）（P <0.05）;试验2组（2 g/kg复合益生菌）的乳脂率（MFP）显著高于对照组（0 g/kg复合益生菌）（P <0.05）;试验1组（1 g/kg复合益生菌）、试验2组（2 g/kg复合益生菌）、试验3组（3 g/kg复合益生菌）的体细胞数（SCC）显著低于对照组（0 g/kg复合益生菌）（P <0.05）;(3)在血清生化指标方面,试验2组（2 g/k...     

树木遮阴对敞棚舍奶牛生理指标、泌乳性能及血液理化指标的影响

针对敞棚奶牛舍西晒严重的问题,本试验通过在舍西侧种植乔木遮蔽阳光以缓解生产中夏季西晒引起的奶牛热应激。选择360头健康、体况和胎次相近的泌乳奶牛[泌乳天数（185±25）d,胎次（2.5±0.5）,产奶量（31.02±1.25）kg],随机分于2栋建筑结构相同的南北朝向敞棚舍中,其中一栋舍（遮阴舍）西侧山墙外种植高15 m的杨树（冠长6 m,冠幅下宽0.8 m,上宽0.3 m）,另一栋舍西侧山墙外没有种树（对照舍）。试验分3个阶段进行,即热季前期（5月）、热季期（7-8月）和热季后期（10月）,测定每个试验期的舍温及奶牛生理和行为指标,并测定各阶段的产奶量和乳成分以及养分表观消化率,同时测定各阶段的全血常规指标和血清生化指标。结果表明：1）树木遮阴对热季期奶牛的效果较好,对热季前期和后期影响较小。热季期遮阴显著降低了舍温,遮阴舍日均温较对照舍降低了0.99℃,其中09:00-20:00降低了1.13℃（P<0.05）。2）热季期遮阴舍奶牛呼吸频率较对照舍降低8.21%,差异显著（P<0.05）,且躺卧比例较对照舍提高7.42%。3）遮阴提高了热季期奶牛的养分表观消化率,干物...