犬的膀胱炎复制与诊疗

本实验主要研究膀胱炎对犬血常规、尿常规各项指标的影响及剖检后的病理变化。选取一只健康的本地雄性犬，用注射器通过导尿管向犬的膀胱内按0．6mL／kg体重的量灌注75％医用酒精，建立犬膀胱炎的模型。分别于实验前及实验后24小时时、48小时时采集1．5mL血液进行血常规检测，1mL尿液进行尿常规分析，并于其后解剖并查看其病理变化。结果显示：与实验前相比，实验后白细胞总数明显增多、红细胞总数和血红蛋白含量均呈下降的趋势，且实验后24小时比实验后48小时变化更明显；实验后尿液中的酮体含量、白细胞总数、蛋白质含量增多，潜血、亚硝酸盐和葡萄糖指标显阳性，其他指标无明显变化；剖检可见膀胱内膜严重出血。本实验提供了较好的检测数据资料，对犬膀胱炎的诊断有较高的参考价值。     

Cultivation Influences on Soil Organic Carbon Associated with Texture in Seasonally Frozen Zones

[Objective] This study aimed to examine indicative roles of texture representing soil organic carbon presence and variability subsequent to cultivation under cold temperate climates with seasonal freeze-thaw events.[Method] Three chronosequences were selected for paired comparisons.Soil samples were collected at six depths with a 10 cm increment.Analysis of variance with general linear model and regression was performed for statistical analysis.[Result] In seasonally frozen soils where fragmentation of macroaggregates was stimulated,soil organic carbon level was positively associated with clay ＋ silt proportion due to a wider textural range,better than sole clay content.Exponential function better fitted the experimental data to present progressively increased effectiveness of clay ＋ silt content in maintaining carbon.Clay content explained 12％-41％ and 14％-43％ of variation via linear and exponential functions,respectively.Accordingly,clay ＋ silt content explained 47％-65％ and 46％-70％.[Conclusion] Texture reflected soil organic carbon occurrence as consequences of reclamation.For seasonally frozen soils with wider textural ranges,it is robust to adapt clay ＋ silt content as dependent variable and exponential function.The generated algorithms provided an available pathway to estimate soil organic carbon losses following cultivation and to evaluate soil fertility.     

基于风险与效益模型的政府农业科技投入范围界定

在分析农业科技研发层次与演化流程的基础上,提出了不同研究阶段的农业技术类型和特征,构建了农业科技研发投入风险与效益模型,揭示了政府农业科技投入领域的选择行为,并以此界定了农业科技投入的合理范围。     

浅析植物模型在水稻育种和栽培上的应用

水稻是重要的粮食作物,以水稻模型为核心的信息技术在水稻生产和育种中具有重要作用。本文对植物模型进行分类,并阐述了每类模型在水稻育种和生产中的作用:水稻功能模型能够预测水稻生长发育过程中包括产量在内的群体指标,能够结合遥感技术、地理信息系统等技术手段为农场主或农业决策部门提供支撑,同时能够进行虚拟实验,完成田间实际难以完成或者消耗较大的科学实验;水稻结构模型能够描述水稻的空间结构变化,用以对水稻冠层进行分析,进行冠层光合潜力的计算,评估理想株型等;水稻功能结构模型可以模拟生物量在器官间的分配,用以进行模拟实验,寻找更为合理的根冠比等,培育优质高产水稻。本文还探寻了制约模型推广应用的各种原因,并且给出一定的解决办法。     

鸡脚重性状的全基因组关联分析

鸡(Gallus gallus)脚重性状为鸡产业中的重要经济性状.为了揭示鸡脚重性状的遗传基础,寻找可用于鸡脚改良的分子标记,本研究以核心群京海黄鸡为实验动物,测定其脚重,利用简化基因组测序技术在整个基因组范围内检测与脚重相关的SNPs.共检测到16个与脚重相关的SNPs位点,其中13个集中分布在4号染色体上72.8～77.9 Mb区域;2个SNP位点rs475641139和rs475548810达到5％ Bonferroni全基因组显著水平(P＜5.5E-07),其余位点达到全基因组潜在显著水平(P＜1.1E-05).筛选每个SNP周围1 Mb区域内的基因,共找到9个可能的候选基因,并使用基因本体论(Gene Ontology,GO)数据库对9个候选基因的细胞组分、分子功能和参与的生物学进程进行了分析.结果表明二氢蝶啶还原酶(dihydropteridine deductase,QDPR)基因、LIM域结合蛋白2(LIM domain-binding protein 2,LDB2)基因、类184B家族(family with sequence similarity 184 memberB,FAM184B)基因、复合信号免疫球蛋白J结合蛋白(recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region,RBPJ)基因、纤维母细胞生长因子结合蛋白2(fibroblast growth factor-binding protein 2,FGFBP2)基因、富亮氨酸重复蛋白5(F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 5,FBXL5)基因、胆囊收缩素受体A(cholecystokinin receptor type A,CCK1R)基因、肌动蛋白互作蛋白1 (WD repeat containing protein 1,WDR1)基因和类桶状蛋白4(tubby like protein 4,TULP4)9个基因和4号染色体72.8～77.9 Mb区域可能为影响鸡脚重性状的重要候选基因和潜在功能区域.本研究为鸡脚重性状的标记辅助选择提供了理论依据.     

黄芩苷黄芩素小檗碱对LLC-PK1细胞炎症模型中TNF-α IL-1β及IL-6表达的影响

研究中药黄芩苷、黄芩素、小檗碱对细菌脂多糖(LPS)诱导的猪肾小管上皮细胞(LLC-PK1)中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNG-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)表达的影响。用噻唑蓝比色法(MTT法)筛选LPS、黄芩苷、黄芩素和小檗碱对细胞作用的最佳浓度,用RT-PCR检测TNF-α、IL-1βmRNA表达,以确定细胞炎症模型是否建立成功;炎症模型建立后,用最佳浓度的黄芩苷、黄芩素和小檗碱分别作用细胞24h,用qPCR检测TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6mRNA的表达量。结果LPS刺激组细胞TNF-α、IL-1βmRNA表达量极显著高于正常对照组(P0.01),黄芩苷、黄芩素和小檗碱作用组细胞TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6mRNA表达量比LPS刺激组显著降低(P0.05),与对照组无显著差异(P0.05)。上述结果表明,黄芩苷、黄芩素和小檗碱通过抑制炎症细胞TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6 mRNA的表达,从而发挥抗炎作用。     

Preparation of Atherosclerosis Model Using Guangxi Bama Mini-pig

The atherosclerosis (AS) model was prepared in Guangxi Bama mini-pig,and the atherosclerosis index (AI) was preliminarily identified in occurrence of AS to provide the basis for the preparation of related models.20 Guangxi Bama mini-pigs were randomly divided into control group and experimental group which were fed with high fat and cholesterol diet to prepare the AS model.Blood biochemical indexes were detected in the process of model preparation and the correlation between AI and the results of vascular slices was analyzed to initially draw up AI of AS.The results of vascular slices showed that the incidence rates of AS of Guangxi Bama mini-pigs in experimental group and control group were 20% and 0,respectively.The association analysis between the results of vascular slices and AI in the pathogenic Guangxi Bama mini-pigs preliminarily suggested that AI was above 3.8 and lasted for more than 3 months during the attack.     

基于TM NDVI的库尔勒市域植被覆盖动态变化

以库尔勒市域为研究区,基于1990、1998、2006和2011共4期TM遥感影像提取归一化植被指数(NDVI),将NDVI结果输入到像元二分模型中计算得到研究区各时期植被覆盖度,然后根据研究需要将植被覆盖度划分为4个等级,最后计算覆盖度差值并结合各级覆盖度转移矩阵和土地利用情况分析了库尔勒市域植被覆盖度动态变化特征。结果表明,在1990、1998、2006和2011年间,库尔勒市域总体植被覆盖情况有所改善,植被恢复改善面积比退化面积多23.8%,其中东南部的扇形绿洲平原植被状况改善明显,北部和南部区域植被有所退化。     

散生杉木对毛竹空间分布和胸径的影响

分别以14棵自然生长在毛竹林中的散生杉木为中心,调查16 m范围内毛竹的胸径以及杉木的胸径、冠幅和杉竹间距。以立地为随机效应,建立毛竹胸径与竹杉间距及杉木胸径关系的线性混合模型;采用O函数结合不同零模型分析杉木对周围毛竹的竞争。结果表明:不论样地是否施肥,杉木显著减少4 m范围内立竹密度,但不影响4 m以外毛竹的分布。竹林内散生杉木对其附近新竹生发具有竞争抑制作用,且不因施肥而缓解。