Effect of Estradiol-17β on protein synthesis and degradation rates in fused bovine satellite cell cultures

Although androgenic and estrogenic steroids are widely used to enhance muscle growth and increase feed efficiency in feedlot cattle, their mechanism of action is not well understood. Further, in vivo studies indicate that estradiol (E2) affects muscle protein synthesis and/or degradation, but in vitro results are inconsistent. We have examined the effects of E2 treatment on protein synthesis and degradation rates in fused bovine satellite cell (BSC) cultures. Additionally, to learn more about the mechanisms involved in E2-enhanced muscle growth, we have examined the effects of compounds that interfere with binding of E2 or insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 to their respective receptors on E2-induced alterations in protein synthesis and degradation rates in BSC cultures. Treatment of fused BSC cultures with E2 results in a concentration-dependent increase (P < 0.05) in protein synthesis rate and a decrease (P < 0.05) in protein degradation rate. The pure estrogen antagonist ICI 182 780 suppresses (P < 0.05) E2-induced alterations in protein synthesis and degradation in fused BSC cultures. The G-protein coupled receptor (GPR)-30 agonist G1 does not affect either synthesis or degradation rate, which establishes that GPR30 does not play a role in E2-induced alterations in protein synthesis or degradation. JB1, a competitive inhibitor of IGF-1 binding to the Type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR-1), suppresses (P < 0.05) E2-induced alterations in protein synthesis and degradation. In summary, our data show that E2 treatment directly alters both protein synthesis and degradation rates in fused BSC cultures via mechanisms involving both the classical estrogen receptor (ER) and IGFR-1.     

红素氧还蛋白研究进展

自然界中大多数的红素氧还蛋白(rubredoxin)集中来自严格厌氧菌,包括细菌、古菌和少数微需氧细菌,而植物中该类蛋白相对较少,它的功能主要表现在作为辅因子或电子供体参与多个生化途径。也有研究显示,无论是植物中还是微生物中的红素氧还蛋白基因在协助生物抵御氧化胁迫方面均发挥着重要的作用。本文全面介绍自然界中的红素氧还蛋白基因的分布、结构以及在微生物、植物中所发挥的作用等,希望能为今后的进一步研究提供参考。     

减蛋综合征病毒末端片段的克隆及细胞内DNA重组

采用９～１０日龄非免疫鸭胚增殖的减蛋综合征病毒（ＥＤＳＶ）ＡＡ－２毒株,经差速离心法浓缩纯化后,提取病毒基因组ＤＮＡ。采用碱变性法除去病毒基因组共价结合的末端蛋白（ＴＰ）。用限制性内切酶ＨｉｎｄⅢ水解纯化的ＥＤＳＶ基因组ＤＮＡ。经低熔点琼脂糖凝胶电泳后,回收Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ片段。克隆到ｐＵＣ１９载体的ＨｉｎｄⅢ和ＳｍａⅠ双酶切位点及ＨｉｎｄⅢ位点上,经蓝白斑筛选和单、双酶切鉴定,获得了ｐＵＨＣ、ｐＵＨＤ、ｐＵＨＥ重组质粒,其中ｐＵＨＣ含有末端片段。将ＥＤＳＶＳａｌⅠ水解产生并回收的大片段与ｐＵＨＣ在９５℃水浴中变性,６５℃复性后,用钙离子介导法,共转染５０％～７０％的单层鸭胚成纤维细胞,转染后３６ｈ开始产生细胞病变（ＣＰＥ）。４８ｈ后将病变细胞反复冻融,经尿囊腔接种９～１０日龄鸭胚,回收的尿囊液能凝集鸡红细胞,这种血凝性能被ＥＤＳＶ高免血清抑制,电镜下观察到腺病毒样颗粒。     

Reduced protein kinase C activity and endogenous protein phosphorylation in ethionine-induced fatty liver in cows

Protein kinase C (PKC) activity was evaluated and the phosphorylation of its endogenous substrates was explored in fatty liver induced by administration of ethionine (an analogue of methionine) to cows in order to assess the relevance of PKC-dependent phosphorylation in the development of fatty liver. PKC activity was decreased in both the cytosolic and the total particulate fractions from fatty livers, compared to the corresponding fractions from control liver. The mode of activation by the PKC cofactors (1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, phosphatidylserine and Ca²⁺) was similar in both control and fatty livers, suggesting a quantitative but not a qualitative change in PKC in fatty liver. At least three substrate proteins (34 kDa, 26 kDa and 19 kDa) were found in the cytosolic fraction and their phosphorylation was reduced in fatty liver. These results suggest that impairment of the signal transduction pathway mediated by PKC is involved in the pathogenesis of fatty liver in cows.Abbreviations ATP adenosine triphosphate - EGTA ethylene glycol bis(-aminoethylether)-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid - NEFA non-esterified fatty acid - OAG 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol - PKC protein kinase C - PS phosphatidylserine - SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis - TG triglyceride - TPA 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate     

多型FMDV VP1表位嵌入型载体pMG-SLPMultiVP1的构建及其表达产物鉴定

构建出表达载体pMG-SLPMultiVP1,并对其进行双酶切鉴定及PCR鉴定。将阳性重组质粒转入到发酵乳杆菌中进行表达,并对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE、Western blot和IFAT鉴定。多型FMDV VP1表位嵌入的SLPMultiVP1融合基因成功克隆入穿梭质粒pMG36e中,其表达产物大小约为35ku,部分表达产物位于发酵乳杆菌表面。成功构建了一个乳杆菌嵌入型表达载体pMG-SLPMultiVP1,为以发酵乳杆菌为活菌载体的表位疫苗研究奠定了基础。     

影响棕色脂肪组织产热活性因素的研究进展

全球性肥胖流行问题愈发严峻,而脂肪组织本身可能是解决这个问题的关键。人和哺乳动物体内存在两种脂肪组织,发挥着截然相反的作用。与白色脂肪组织存储机体过剩的能量不同,棕色脂肪组织中存在独特的解偶联蛋白,能将脂肪酸氧化磷酸化,释放热能,增加能量消耗。因此,通过激活棕色脂肪组织产热,加速体内储存的脂质氧化磷酸化,成为了一种新的预防和治疗肥胖的手段。论文阐述影响棕色脂肪产热活性的因素以及相关机制,旨在为肥胖的治疗提供新的思路和方向。     

CHD9:一个新的与流感病毒PA蛋白相互作用的宿主因子

PA蛋白是禽流感病毒(AⅣ)聚合酶的组成部分,对AIV的复制具有重要作用.为鉴定家鸭体内与AIV PA蛋白相互作用的宿主蛋白,本研究利用酵母双杂交系统,以表达A/goose/Hubei/65/05(H5N1)AIV PA蛋白的重组质粒为诱饵,筛选家鸭脑组织cDNA文库,鉴定得到一个cDNA片段,经测序分析表明,该cDNA片段编码蛋白为色素域解旋酶DNA结合蛋白9(CHD9).将重组诱饵质粒pDEST32-PA与捕获的鸭cDNA重组质粒共转化MaV203受体菌,进行X-gal显色反应检测,分析结果显示,菌落可以迅速变蓝,并且菌落在SC-Leu-TrpHis+3AT 3种营养缺陷培养基平板上生长良好.证明CHD9与PA蛋白在酵母双杂交系统中具有较强的相互作用.CHD9的初步鉴定为研究AIV在机体中的复制过程奠定了基础.     

脑心肌炎病毒及其蛋白结构和功能研究进展

脑心肌炎病毒(EMCV)是一种重要的人畜共患病病原,高危感染动物是猪,自然宿主是啮齿动物,人也可以感染这种病毒。也有研究报道,病毒可分解为前体蛋白P1、P2、P 3和L蛋白,最终切割成11个蛋白终产物,其中VP1蛋白存在主要抗原表位,具有良好的中和作用。目前尚不能阐明病毒感染后的发病机制,宿主感染病毒的影响因素等。因此,对病毒特性进行的研究有助于对该病的预防及控制,对病毒基因组及它所编码蛋白的结构与功能的研究对新型疫苗及动物机体的抗感染免疫机制的研究有重要的生物学作用。论文综述了脑心肌炎病毒基因组结构及其编码蛋白的结构和功能。     

日粮营养水平对奶牛乳蛋白合成的影响及其作用机理的研究进展

乳蛋白作为乳中重要的组成成分,含有人体所需的几乎所有必需氨基酸。然而,奶牛乳蛋白的合成受很多因素影响,如日粮组成、遗传因素、饲养环境等,但具体影响机制尚不明确。因此,研究乳蛋白合成机理,结合营养调控措施提高其在乳中的含量,成为目前研究的热点和重点。作者就目前日粮营养水平对奶牛乳蛋白合成的影响及其作用机理的研究进行了综述。     

产角蛋白酶菌株的筛选、鉴定和发酵特性的初步研究

通过酪蛋白平板初筛,以羽毛为唯一的碳源与氮源复筛,筛选出一株新型的高产角蛋白酶的菌株S6,根据其形态观测结果和生理生化指标的测定结果,初步鉴定其属于地衣芽孢杆菌属。以羽毛为底物对地衣芽孢杆菌S6的发酵特性初步研究发现,在72 h,地衣芽孢杆菌S6酶活性、可溶性蛋白量达到最大,分别为186.8 U/mL,160.87 μg/mL,表明在降解羽毛的过程中,其具有很好的开发前景。