美国豆芋花总皂苷制备及其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性

为高效利用美国豆芋花皂苷类化合物,以皂苷得率和纯度为指标,研究美国豆芋花总皂苷的提取工艺及大孔树脂纯化工艺,并对制备的美国豆芋花总皂苷的抗氧化及α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制能力进行研究。结果表明,美国豆芋花总皂苷的提取工艺为提取溶剂90%乙醇,料液比1∶20,温度70℃,提取时间2 h。得到的提取物石油醚脱脂后用水饱和正丁醇萃取,D-101大孔树脂吸附柱纯化的工艺为上样皂苷质量浓度1 mg·m L~(-1),上样量40 m L·g~(-1)树脂,洗脱剂为80%乙醇(pH值6),洗脱剂用量4 BV(树脂柱体积)。制备的美国豆芋花总皂苷样得率4.24%,纯度达65.35%,比粗提物(纯度15.27%)提高了约3倍;抗氧化性能(清除DPPH和ABTS自由基IC50值分别为51.08、29.24μg·m L~(-1))和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制能力(IC50值为83.62μg·m L~(-1))也均优于粗提物(清除DPPH、ABTS自由基IC50值分别为286.51、69.92μg·m L~(-1),α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制浓度(IC50)值为1 043.57μg·m L~(-1)),表明该工艺可用于高活性美国豆芋花总皂苷的富集和纯化。此外,美国豆芋花总皂苷抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制类型为竞争型抑制,抑制常数为49.68μg·m L~(-1)。本研究结果为开发具有降血糖功能的医药中间体或功能性食品提供了新资源和实践基础。     

香蕉α-1,4-葡聚糖淀粉磷酸化酶基因家族全基因组鉴定与进化分析

为了研究香蕉(Musa nana Lour.)α-1,4-葡聚糖淀粉磷酸化酶(α-1,4-glucan starch phosphorylase,PHS)基因家族的特征和功能,利用生物信息学方法对香蕉PHS家族进行了全基因组查找、鉴定及相关分析。结果表明,在香蕉中共鉴定出2个成员,Ma PHS1的开放阅读框长度为2 784 bp,编码927个氨基酸,分子质量为104.8 ku,等电点为6.59;Ma PHS2的开放阅读框长度为2 517 bp,编码838个氨基酸,分子质量为95.09 ku,等电点为6.09。Ma PHS1和Ma PHS2分别含有17个和15个外显子;Ma PHS1和Ma PHS2均含有淀粉磷酸化酶的保守性基序,进化过程中比较保守。     

甘肃滩羊血清酯酶和α-淀粉酶多态性分析

运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术(PAGE)对甘肃滩羊产区皋兰、景泰及靖远3293只滩羊的血清酯酶(Es)、α-淀粉酶(α-Amy)基因座多态性进行了检测分析。结果表明:甘肃滩羊Es基因座存在3种基因型Es++ 、 Es+- 、 Es-- ,它们由Es+、Es-两个共显性等位基因控制,其中Es+-基因型在3个群体中均占优势,频率分别为0.620 0(皋兰)、0.666 6(景泰)、0.730 0(靖远);在皋兰群体和景泰群体中,Es-基因占优势,基因频率分别为0.540 0和0.548 4,而在靖远群体中优势基因则为Es+,其基因频率为0.525 0。在α-Amy基因座上没有检测到多态性。     

水牛α-清蛋白基因3’端调控区的PCR克隆及序列分析

对水牛α-乳清蛋白基因的3’端调控区进行了PCR扩增及重组质粒的酶切鉴定,比较了水牛和牦牛该基因的核苷酸序列同源性。序列分析结果表明：水牛α-乳清蛋白基因3’端序列与牦牛该基因在641bp的序列中存在34bp的差异,同源性为94．69％。     

N-(α-萘乙酰基)-N-′(2-丙酸基)-硫脲的合成

研究了从α-萘乙酸出发,用一锅法合成出N-(α-萘乙酰基)-N-′(2-丙酸基)-硫脲。首先,α-萘乙酸与氯化亚砜反应生成α-萘乙酰氯,然后,再加入硫氰酸钾,并在乙腈为溶剂的条件下,合成α-萘乙酰基硫氰酸酯,最后,再与丙氨酸反应,生成目标产物。所得产物结构经IR初步确证。     

Propagation in vitro of pear, Pyrus communis L., cultivars ‘William's Bon Chrétien’, ‘Packham's Triumph’ and ‘Beurré Bosc’

Shoot cultures were established from nodal explants of 3 pear cultivars by subculture on Murashige and Skoog medium containing mixtures of 3 cytokinins. Zeatin and 6·(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)purine were both supplied at 10 μM and benzyladenine as follows: ‘William's Bon Chrétien’, 6 μM; ‘Packham's Triumph’, 8 μM; ‘Beurré Bosc’, 10 μM. Production of axillary shoots was greater by basal explants (4–6) comprising the remnants of the previous subculture than by apical explants (2–3) comprising the distal parts of extension shoots. Up to 80% of microcuttings of all cultivars formed roots in vitro with either γ-indolebutyric acid, 10 μM, or α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 10 μM, and approximately 50% of rooted microcuttings were successfully established as container-grown plants. Use of aseptic methods for producing own-rooted pears is discussed in relation to fruit growing and fruit improvement.     

Pregnancy recognition signaling mechanisms in ruminants and pigs

Maternal recognition of pregnancy refers to the requirement for the conceptus（embryo and its associated extraembryonic membranes） to produce a hormone that acts on the uterus and/or corpus luteum（CL） to ensure maintenance of a functional CL for production of progesterone;the hormone required for pregnancy in most mammals.The pregnancy recognition signal in primates is chorionic gonadotrophin which acts directly on the CL via luteinizing hormone receptors to ensure maintenance of functional CL during pregnancy.In ruminants,interferon tau（IFNT） is the pregnancy recognition signal.IFNT is secreted during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy and acts on uterine epithelia to silence expression of estrogen receptor alpha and oxytocin receptor which abrogates the oxytocin-dependent release of luteolytic pulses of prostaglandin F2-alpha（PGF） by uterine epithelia;therefore,the CL continues to produce progesterone required for pregnancy.Pig conceptuses secrete interferon delta and interferon gamma during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy,but there is no evidence that they are involved in pregnancy recognition signaling.Rather,pig conceptuses secrete abundant amounts of estrogens between Days 11 to 15 of pregnancy required for maternal recognition of pregnancy.Estrogen,likely in concert with prolactin,prevents secretion of PGF into the uterine venous drainage（endocrine secretion）,but maintains secretion of PGF into the uterine lumen（exocrine secretion） where it is metabolized to a form that is not luteolytic.Since PGF is sequestered within the uterine lumen and unavailable to induce luteolysis,functional CL are maintained for production of progesterone.In addition to effects of chorionic gonadotrophin,IFNT and estrogens to signal pregnancy recognition,these hormones act on uterine epithelia to enhance expression of genes critical for growth and development of the conceptus.     

Improving the Field Emergence Performance of Super Sweet Corn by Sand Priming

Abstract

A priming method called sand priming was developed using sand as a priming solid matrix. The effect of sand priming on improving the field emergence performance of five super sweet corn cultivars was investigated. Sand priming significantly improved field emergence performance of all super sweet corn cultivars, and there was marked improvement by priming at 20ºC for 24 hr. After sand priming at 20ºC for 24 hr, field emergence percentage (FEP) of “Green Superman”, “Huatian 1”, “Yangtian 1”, “Mitian 8”, and “Chaotian 43” was increased by 52.1%, 37.5%, 38.0%, 40.9%, and 33.3%, respectively. Their field emergence speed (FES) was 2.3, 1.8, 2.0, 2.0, and 1.8 times of the control, respectively. To further elucidate the effect of sand priming on improving the field emergence performance of super sweet corn, we analyzed the membrane system integrity, α-amylase activity and protein content. Sand priming at 20ºC for 24 hr improved membrane system integrity and α-amylase activity in all super sweet corn cultivars. Furthermore, sand priming at 20ºC for 24 hr accelerated the degradation of embryo protein after 1 d germination in “Green Superman”.     

p73a和血管内皮生长因子-C在子宫内膜癌发生发展过程中的作用

目的探讨p73a和血管内皮生长因子-C(VEGF-C)在子宫内膜癌发生发展过程中的作用。方法采用免疫组织化学S-P法检测正常子宫、增生期子宫、子宫内膜癌组织中p73a、VEGF-C蛋白表达。结果子宫内膜癌组织中p73a、VEGF-C表达阳性率明显高于正常、增生过长、不典型增生子宫内膜(P<0.01或0.05)。p73a表达与临床分期无关(P>0.05),而VEGF-C表达与临床分期、肌层浸润有关(P<0.01或0.05)。子宫内膜癌组织中p73a与VEGF-C表达呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论 p73a、VEGF-C在子宫内膜癌发生、发展中起重要作用,VEGF-C可作为预后判断指标。     

盐胁迫条件下甜高粱品种KF0680-1和KF0680-2的萌发及其α-淀粉酶表达研究(英文)

[目的]研究2个甜高粱品种KF0680-1和KF0680-2在盐胁迫条件下的萌发特性及其α-淀粉酶表达。[方法]以甜高粱品种KF0680-1和KF0680-2为研究对象,对盐胁迫条件下甜高粱的萌发相关指标和α-淀粉酶的表达进行测定,探讨盐胁迫对2个甜高粱品种的影响。[结果]低浓度的盐胁迫对甜高粱的萌发有一定的促进作用,高浓度的盐胁迫则抑制了甜高粱萌发;在高浓度盐胁迫下根和幼苗的长度均小于水处理组,但适当的盐胁迫促进了2个品种α-淀粉酶的表达。[结论]该研究表明盐胁迫对KF0680-1和KF0680-22个甜高粱品种的生长均有抑制作用,但在低盐浓度条件下,KF0680-2比KF0680-1具有更好的抗盐性。同时适当的盐胁迫提高了种子中α-淀粉酶的表达量。该结果为选育出适宜西北地区种植的抗盐碱甜高粱品种提供了参考依据。