Effect of Season on Vitamin E,Fatty Acid Profile,and Nutritional Value of Fish By-Products from Cod,Saithe, Ling and Haddock Species Caught in Southern Irish Coastal Waters

ABSTRACT

The value of fish is largely dependent on fillet size and species but greater value could be obtained by finding commercial uses for the remaining fish frame, particularly fish by-products. Vitamin E and polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA), are of economic importance to the food and pharmaceutical industries and are available for extraction from fish waste. The objective of this study was to compare α-tocopherol levels and the fatty acid profile from several demersal species (cod, ling, saithe and haddock, n = 15) caught in Irish coastal waters over a one-year period (2001). α-Tocopherol levels in samples of liver, viscera and cut-off (any residual flesh from belly flap) were extracted and subsequently measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total fatty acids were extracted and determined by gas chromatography (GC). Results indicated that a-tocopherol levels in liver were higher (P < 0.05) than those in viscera or cut-off. Regardless of species, α-tocopherol levels were found in the following order: liver > viscera > cut-off. In general, α-tocopherol levels were highest in autumn and lowest in spring. Overall, percent free fatty acid levels recorded in liver and viscera samples were higher (P < 0.05) than those in cut-off samples. Percent free fatty acid varied significantly (P < 0.05) with each season, and was generally greater in autumn samples. An inverse relationship was observed between percent fat and moisture levels recorded in this study. The major fatty acids identified in each fish species and each by-product were 16:0 (palmitic), 18:0 (stearic), 18:1 (oleic) 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) and 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic, DHA). The highest percent of total identified fatty acids were reported in the autumn catch, including the highest EPA and DHA levels. Overall, liver samples had the highest levels of EPA and DHA.     

拟南芥AtCOR15a转化烟草及后代抗寒性研究

【目的】研究拟南芥AtCOR15a基因的抗寒功能。【方法】构建pCAMBIA1301-COR15a的植物表达载体,利用农杆菌介导的叶盘法转化烟草,通过抗生素筛选和PCR检测获得转基因烟草。低温胁迫后,利用蒽酮法和酸式茚三酮法测定转基因烟草后代与野生型烟草的可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量,同时观察其抗寒能力。【结果】转基因烟草后代可溶性糖含量和脯氨酸含量均比野生型烟草有所提高,并在第5 d达到峰值。低温处理后转基因烟草后代能正常生长,而野生型烟草则全部死亡。【结论】生理生化指标的测定发现,可溶性糖含量与脯氨酸含量的变化趋势与烟草的抗寒性呈正相关,AtCOR15a基因导入烟草中可以明显提高烟草对低温胁迫的抵抗力。     

发芽咖啡豆a-半乳糖苷酶的性质研究

[目的]研究发芽咖啡豆a-半乳糖苷酶的酶学性质。[方法]从发芽咖啡豆中提取a-半乳糖苷酶,研究不同温度和pH下的酶活,并确定该酶的最适温度和pH。研究了不同金属离子和不同离子强度（NaC1）对a-半乳糖苷酶酶活的影响。Lineweaver-Burk双倒数作图法测定该酶的Km和Vmu[结果]a-半乳糖苷酶的最适温度和pH分别为45℃、6．0,热稳定温度范围为20～50℃,pH稳定范围为5．0～7．0。Na^＋、K^＋、Mg^2＋和cu^2＋对a-半乳糖苷酶酶活的影响不大,zn^2＋促进酶活,Ba^2＋对酶活稍有抑制,Hg^2＋强烈抑制d．半乳糖苷酶的活性。在0～0．25mol／L离子强度（NaC1）范围内,a-半乳糖苷酶的酶活不受影响。Lineweaver—Burk双倒数作图法测定该酶的k和n。。分别为0．556mmol／L、1．19μmol／min。[结论]该研究为发芽咖啡豆a-半乳糖苷酶的进一步应用提供理论指导。     

武汉严东湖浮游植物粒径组成及与水质因子相关性研究

2010年8和12月在严东湖选择3个不同营养水平的位点进行浮游植物粒径组成和水质情况的调查。结果表明,严东湖1、2、3号点总叶绿素α含量夏季分别为4.22、3.13、127.96 mg/m3;冬季分别为2.32、7.82、44.95 mg/m3。夏季营养水平较低的严东湖1号点微微型浮游植物叶绿素α所占比例较高,而在营养水平较高的严东湖2和3号点其微型浮游植物叶绿素α所占比例较高;冬季各湖区均以小型浮游植物叶绿素α为主。叶绿素α与水质间相关关系分析表明,总叶绿素α与TN和TP显著正相关,小型浮游植物叶绿素α与各种形态氮元素以及总溶解性固体、电导率显著正相关,微型浮游植物叶绿素α与总磷、无机磷显著正相关。     

甾体肟的合成及抗肿瘤活性的研究

利用甾体原料合成了4个3β-羟基-5-烯类甾体肟化合物,采用MTT法测定了甾体肟化合物的抗肿瘤活性.结果表明甾体肟化合物对LTEP-α-2细胞具有一定的抑制作用,随受试物浓度的增加,对细胞的抑制作用增强.16-脱氢孕甾烯醇酮肟对LTEP-α-2细胞生长抑制作用最强,IC50值为11.6μg·mL-1.     

α-亚麻酸微胶囊化壁材复配工艺的优化研究

通过单因素及正交试验,研究喷雾干燥法制备α-亚麻酸微胶囊壁材的优化复配工艺,考察VE添加量、亚麻胶与海藻糖质量比、单甘脂添加量及卵磷脂用量4因素对α-亚麻酸微胶囊化效率的影响。结果表明,α-亚麻酸微胶囊壁材优化复配工艺参数组合为VE添加量0.2%,亚麻胶与海藻糖质量比1∶6,单甘脂添加量2%及卵磷脂用量0.25%时,α-亚麻酸微胶囊化效率高达87.5%。     

Needle blight caused by Dothistroma pini in Slovakia: distribution,host range and mating types

Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) has been observed in Slovakia during the last two decades. Up until 2017, Dothistroma septosporum has only been detected and molecularly confirmed to cause DNB in Slovakia. Here, we report the detection of Dothistroma pini at six localities around Slovakia, representing different plantation types. Four pine species (Pinus sylvestris, P. nigra, P. mugo and P. jeffreyi) were confirmed as hosts of D. pini in Slovakia, of which only P. mugo has been previously reported as host in Slovakia. Three gene regions (ITS, EF1 –α, and ß-tubulin) of each of the 13 isolates were sequenced and assigned as D. pini. Based on ITS sequences, the studied isolates represent the haplotypes Dp_HAP.1, Dp_HAP.2. Both mating types were detected but at different localities. Our results suggest that in addition to D. septosporum, D. pini may contribute to DNB also in Slovakia.     

油梨和羊奶果果肉粗提物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的体外抑制

收集不同油梨和羊奶果资源,对油梨和羊奶果果肉粗提物进行α-葡萄糖苷酶的体外抑制活性实验。结果表明:16份油梨果肉对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性较弱,而9份羊奶果果肉对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性较强,其中羊奶果6号对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性最强,达到99.84%,仅次于阿卡波糖。     

低分子质量壳寡糖对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标、盲肠微生物数量及脾脏白细胞介素-2、肿瘤坏死因子-α基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平的低分子质量(1 000 u)壳寡糖对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标、盲肠微生物数量以及脾脏白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)基因表达的影响。选取体重和产蛋率相近的58周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡600只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加300、600、900 mg/kg壳寡糖的试验饲粮。预试期为7 d,正试期为42 d。结果表明:1)添加300、600和900 mg/kg壳寡糖组的产蛋率分别比对照组提高了4.52%(P0.05)、2.99%(P0.05)和4.08%(P0.05)。2)试验第3、6周末,添加600和900 mg/kg壳寡糖组的鸡蛋哈夫单位分别比对照组提高了6.87%、6.69%和6.47%、6.60%(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮添加600、900 mg/kg壳寡糖显著降低了血清葡萄糖、胆固醇含量和谷草转氨酶活性(P0.05)。4)与对照组相比,饲粮添加600、900 mg/kg壳寡糖显著提高了盲肠双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的数量(P0.05),显著降低了盲肠金黄色葡萄球菌的数量(P0.05)。5)与对照组相比,饲粮添加300、600 mg/kg壳寡糖显著提高了脾脏IL-2 m RNA表达水平(P0.05),饲粮添加600 mg/kg壳寡糖显著提高了脾脏TNF-αm RNA表达水平(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加不同水平的壳寡糖,提高了蛋鸡的产蛋率和哈夫单位,调节了肠道微生物菌群,增强了蛋鸡的免疫力,适宜壳寡糖添加水平为600 mg/kg。     

α-酮戊二酸和大蒜素对生长猪生长发育及养分表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究α-酮戊二酸(AKG)和大蒜素对生长猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清生化指标以及肠道形态结构的影响。选用40头初始平均体重为(30.64±1.35)kg的健康三元(杜×长×大)杂交生长猪,按体重相近、性别比例相同原则随机分为5组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头猪。5组试验猪分别饲喂无抗基础饲粮(对照组)、无抗基础饲粮+25 mg/kg抗生素(Ⅰ组)、无抗基础饲粮+1%AKG(Ⅱ组)、无抗基础饲粮+0.5%大蒜素(Ⅲ组)、无抗基础饲粮+1%AKG+0.5%大蒜素(Ⅳ组)。预试期7d,正试期21d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组生长猪的平均日增重分别提高了10.80%和9.91%,但差异不显著(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,Ⅱ组钙的表观消化率显著提高(P0.05),Ⅳ组粗蛋白质、钙和磷的表观消化率显著提高(P0.05),且Ⅳ组较Ⅰ组显著提高了磷的表观消化率(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,Ⅱ组血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著提高(P0.05);Ⅲ组血清甘油三酯(TG)含量显著降低(P0.05);Ⅳ组血清总胆固醇(TCHO)和TG含量显著降低(P0.05),血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性及血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、IgG含量显著提高(P0.05)。与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅳ组血清TCHO和TG含量有降低趋势(P0.05),血清AST和ALT活性显著提高(P0.05)。4)与对照组相比,Ⅳ组回肠绒毛高度及空肠和回肠的绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著提高(P0.05)。5)与对照组相比,Ⅳ组回肠中杯状细胞和淋巴细胞数目显著增加(P0.05)。综上,无抗饲粮中联合添加1%AKG和0.5%大蒜素可通过改善肠道形态结构,提高对粗蛋白质、钙和磷等养分的消化吸收能力,促进肠道健康,进而改善生长猪的生长性能。