QTL Analysis for Grain Iron and Zinc Concentrations in Two O. nivara Derived Backcross Populations

Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain mineral elements can assist in faster and more precise development of micronutrient dense rice varieties through marker-assisted breeding. In the present study, QTLs were mapped for Fe and Zn concentrations in two BC₂F₃ mapping populations derived from the crosses of O. sativa cv Swarna with two different accessions of O. nivara. In all, 10 and 8 QTLs were identified for grain Fe and Zn concentrations in population 1, and 7 and 5 QTLs were identified in population 2, respectively. Eighty percent of the QTLs detected in both populations were derived from O. nivara. Five QTLs for Fe and three QTLs for Zn explained more than 15% phenotypic variance either in interval or composite interval mapping. The locations of O. nivara derived QTLs such as qFe2.1, qFe3.1, qFe8.2 and qZn12.1 were consistently identified in both the populations. Epistatic interaction was observed only between RM106 and RM6 on chromosome 2 and between RM22 and RM7 on chromosome 3 for Fe concentration in population 1. Sixteen candidate genes for metal homeostasis were found to co-locate with 10 QTLs for Fe and Zn concentrations in both the populations. Most of the Fe and Zn QTLs were found to co-locate with QTLs for grain yield and grain quality traits. Some of the major effect QTLs identified can be used to improve rice grain Fe and Zn concentrations.     

国产X65卷板在库鄯管道的应用

上海宝钢首次生产的Ｘ６５卷板，作为库鄯输油管道用钢哮，经制管和试验检查，钢材稳定、质量合格，完全符合ＡＰＩ５Ｌ标准，在力学性能和化学成分等方面邓国际水平，为我国高强度、高韧性的管 道用钢填补了空白。     

茶叶微量元素研究

茶叶品种、叶龄不同,其钙、镁、铁、锌等含量差异显著,并呈一定的分布规律;钙、镁比接近于1。     

Comparison of Ni/Zn Accumulation Ability of Thlaspi japonicum from Three Different Areas in Hokkaido

Thlaspi japonicum is a Japanese Ni-hyperaccumulator plant growing in areas with serpentine soil containing a high level of Ni. In the present study, we investigated the ability of wild Thlaspi japonicum plants inhabiting non-ultramafic soil areas of Hokkaido to accumulate Ni/Zn. Wild T. japonicum plants growing on Rebun Island (Rebun-T) accumulated small amounts of Ni, while the plants cultivated on ultramafic rock soil accumulated large amounts of Ni, like T. japonicum growing on Mt. Yubari (Yubari-T), and this change was also observed for T. japonicum growing on Mt. Tengu (Tengu-T). All the T. japonicum plants transplanted on both ultramaflc soil or Andosol accumulated over 100 mg kg⁻¹ Zn, especially the Ni/Zn content of Tengu-T plants tended to be higher than that of the plants growing in the other two areas. In contrast, transplanting of Yubari-T plants from ultramafic soil with a high level of Ni to soil with a lower-Ni content decrease of the Ni concentration in the leaves. Wild Rebun-T plants showed a smaller biomass than the Yubari-T and Tengu-T plants, and some individuals of the Rebun-T population were smaller than those of the other populations, with tiny radical leaves. Zinc content of the small leaves was not significantly different from that in large leaves. These results suggested that T. japonicum plants are able to accumulate high Ni/Zn accumulation, regardless ecotype, habitat and leaf size.     

金属抗性促生菌对玉米生长和锌积累的影响

【目的】探讨金属抗性促生菌对锌污染土壤中玉米生长和Zn吸收的影响,为利用微生物缓解重金属对农作物胁迫和减少重金属吸收提供理论依据.【方法】通过盆栽试验研究接种促生菌Ⅱ2R3和Ⅳ8R3是否能够缓减Zn对玉米的毒害作用,减少玉米对Zn的吸收和积累.【结果和结论】促生菌Ⅱ2R3、Ⅳ8R3不仅有很强的抗Zn胁迫能力,而且具有较强地吸附、积累Zn的能力.在中、轻度Zn污染(200和400 mg·kg-1)土壤上,单独接种促生菌Ⅳ8R3促进了玉米的生长;当土壤Zn污染水平达到800 mg·kg-1时,同时接种促生菌Ⅳ8R3+Ⅱ2R3显著促进玉米的生长.单独或同时接种促生菌Ⅳ8R3、Ⅱ2R3使不同Zn污染水平土壤中的有效Zn含量均显著降低.当土壤Zn含量达到800mg·kg-1时,单独接种菌株Ⅱ2R3或同时接种Ⅱ2R3+Ⅳ8R3均显著抑制玉米对Zn的吸收和向地上部转运,而在中、轻度Zn污染(Zn≤400 mg·kg-1)土壤上,3种接种处理对玉米吸收Zn均没有显著影响.表明在高锌污染(800mg·kg-1)土壤中,接种促生菌Ⅳ8R3、Ⅱ2R3能显著抑制玉米对Zn的吸收和向地上部转运;菌株Ⅳ8R3、Ⅱ2R3对玉米生长的影响与土壤Zn污染水平和菌株的性质有关.     

不同施肥处理对连作大豆白浆土中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn含量的影响

不同施肥处理对连作大豆白浆土中 Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn含量的影响不同。长期施用有机肥和秸秆还田不仅提高土壤中 Mn、Zn和 Fe的含量 ,而且也使 Cu、Zn、Fe有效性增高 ;长期不施肥土壤全 Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe及有效态 Zn、Mn含量呈下降趋势 ,而单施化肥土壤中全 Cu和 Zn含量略有升高。     

锰,锌,铜对肉用仔鸡营养效应的研究

选用１日龄ＡｒｂｏｒＡｃｒｅｓ（ＡＡ）肉用商品一代雏鸡,采用玉主－－豆粕型为基础的全价日粮。在全价日粮基础上,研究添加中剂量向量元素锰、锌、铜对肉用仔鸡生产性能、血清指标及组织中向量元素含量的影响。结果表明,采食量和饲料为差很小,添加锰能明显地减少腿病发生率,当日粮中的锰含量为１３７ｍｇ／ｋｇ或更高时,腿病发生率从３８．５％降至１０％以下。铜也能使腿病发生率降低,但不及锰的效果。骨铜含量和骨甸含量     

锰、锌肥对冬小麦营养效应的研究

用盆栽试验研究京郊缺锰潮土（DTPA-Mn=3.54ppm Mn,DTPA-Zn=0.55ppm Zn）上生长的冬小麦的缺锰症及施用锰、锌肥对冬小麦的生长发育、籽粒产量、品质和营养价值等方面的影响。结果表明,施锰增产,施锌减产;冬小麦籽粒对锰肥用量的效应方程为Y=16.4+0.160x-0.0135x#+2,F=1.45#+（**）,n=28,使冬小麦减产的养分指标临界值为,籽粒锌浓度＞106ppm,锰浓度＜15.5ppm,N/Zn＜327,P/Zn＜49.6,K/Zn＜33.6。施锰提高土壤有效锰含量、植株锰浓度和叶片叶绿素含量,促使籽粒中的养分平衡;锰锌合施则对冬小麦籽粒品质和营养价值有良好效应。     

畜禽粪肥对土壤有效铜锌铁锰含量的影响

采用室内培养和DTPA浸提法研究了鸡粪、牛粪和猪粪等有机肥料对土壤有效Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn含量的影响。结果表明,在供试条件下施用鸡粪、牛粪和猪粪均可使土壤中有效Cu、Mn含量增加,但有效Zn含量降低;施用鸡粪可使土壤有效Fe含量增加,而施用牛粪和猪粪使土壤有效Fe含量降低。增加鸡粪施用量,可使土壤中有效Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn含量增加;培养期间有效Cu、Zn含量变化幅度较小,有效Fe、Mn含量变化较大。     

锌对汞胁迫下小麦种子萌发的影响

通过溶液培养研究了不同浓度锌(Zn)对汞(Hg)胁迫下小麦种子萌发率、芽长、根长以及萌发过程中α淀粉酶、蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶活性的影响。结果表明,单独Hg(15mg·L-1)胁迫下,小麦种子萌发率降低,根长与芽长受到抑制,α淀粉酶与过氧化氢酶活性降低,蛋白酶活性升高。加入10~100mg·L-1Zn后,种子萌发率未表现出明显变化,根长、芽长及α淀粉酶受抑制情况缓解,缓解程度随Zn浓度升高而下降,表明Zn可在一定程度上缓解Hg对小麦种子的毒害,但须在一定浓度范围内;10mg·L-1Zn减弱了Hg单独胁迫对小麦种子蛋白酶活性的促进作用,使其恢复至接近对照水平,20~100mg·L-1Zn则表现出对蛋白酶的抑制作用,使其活性低于对照水平,并且随Zn浓度升高呈下降趋势。Zn的加入对Hg单独胁迫下活性降低的过氧化氢酶未表现出缓解抑制的作用,反而进一步抑制了酶的活性,并且随着Zn浓度升高,抑制作用逐渐加强。因此,Zn的加入可在总体上缓解Hg胁迫对小麦种子萌发的影响,最适Zn浓度为10mg·L-1,但这种缓解作用只表现在部分方面。