Association of hyponatremia and hyperglycemia with outcome in dogs with congestive heart failure

Objective: To evaluate plasma sodium and glucose concentrations in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF) prior to treatment and evaluate the differences between survivors and non‐survivors. Design: Retrospective study. Animals: Fifty‐nine dogs with CHF prior to receiving cardiac medication. Interventions: None. Measurements and main results: The mean plasma sodium concentration in dogs with CHF was below the reference range (144–156 mmol/L) and significantly lower (P=0.009) in non‐survivors (141±6 mmol/L) compared with survivors (147±4 mmol/L). The mean plasma glucose concentration was above the reference range (76–117 mg/dL) and significantly higher (P=0.004) in non‐survivors (128±52 mg/dL) compared with survivors (100±13 mg/dL). Forty‐four percent of non‐survivors had concurrent low plasma sodium and high plasma glucose concentrations, whereas no survivors had both abnormalities (P<0.0001). Conclusions: Lower plasma sodium and higher plasma glucose are associated with a worse outcome in dogs with CHF.     

75%三氟啶磺隆钠盐水分散粒剂高效液相色谱分析方法研究

本文采用高效液相色谱法,以乙腈 0.05%H3PO4为流动相,使用以ZORBAX80!Extend-C18、5μm为填料的不锈钢柱和二极管阵列检测器,在250nm波长下对试样中的三氟啶磺隆钠盐进行分离和定量分析。结果表明三氟啶磺隆钠盐的线性相关系数为1.000 0,标准偏差为0.17,变异系数为0.23%,平均回收率为99.7%。     

外源水杨酸与钼酸钠提高光叶叶子花耐寒性及相关机制

为综合评价水杨酸和钼酸钠处理对光叶叶子花耐寒性的影响,为园林绿化管养提供理论指导,以园林观赏植物光叶叶子花为试材,通过0.5 mmol/L水杨酸和2.0 mol/L钼酸钠单独及复合处理,测定在-3、0、3、6、25℃处理后,叶片的相关生理指标。结果表明：水杨酸和钼酸钠处理能够不同程度地降低低温胁迫下光叶叶子花叶片的相对电导率和MDA含量,其中复合处理的效果更好;在25和6℃时,氧自由基产生速率随温度的降低而上升,但在3,0和-3℃时,则呈下降趋势;在0℃和-3℃时,水杨酸处理使CK的SOD活性显著低于其他处理;药剂处理提高了POD活性,特别在0℃时,T1、T2、T3均显著大于CK;此外,低温胁迫下,各处理的可溶性糖、淀粉、游离脯氨酸含量均出现先上升后下降的趋势,且处理后,可溶性糖在-3℃时,淀粉和脯氨酸在0℃和-3℃时其含量均显著高于CK。通过综合评价发现,水杨酸和钼酸钠处理能够提高光叶叶子花的耐寒性,特别是复合处理效果更佳。     

添加延胡索酸二钠对绵羊消化代谢的影响

[目的]粗料型日粮中添加延胡索酸二钠对绵羊消化代谢的影响.[方法]选用健康、体重年龄相近的中国美利奴细毛羊(新疆型)(公羊)18只,分为3组,每组6只,试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组日粮中分别添加剂量为10和20 g/d的延胡索酸二钠,试验Ⅰ组不添加作为对照组,[结果]对照组绵羊的干物质采食量、有机物、粗蛋白质、纤维素、半纤维素、钙、磷的消化量(g/d)分别为1 414.05±59.71、917.89±44.43、68.56±2.67、284.98±21.99、162.59±28.67、1.70±0.73、0.45±0.16,添加延胡索酸二钠10、20 g/d后分别增加了7.71;、13.98;,10.54;、21.4;,5.7;、15.45;,20.73;、33.37;,21.7;、27.79;,14.12;、23.53;、4.44;和13.33;.对照组绵羊有机物、粗蛋白质、纤维素、半纤维素、钙、磷的消化率分别为69.46±1.21、64.78±2.74、69.62±1.97、61.75±8.64、17.77±7.38、21.24±7.31(;),添加延胡索酸二钠10、20 g/d后分别增加了2.79;、6.74;,1.42;、6.47;,8.17;、9.78;,12.23;、11.71;,7.99;、11.37;、1.65;和8.8;.对照组绵羊日增重、氮、钙和磷保留量(g/d)分别为123.19±65.46、7.08±0.35、1.19±0.72、0.43±0.16,添加延胡索酸二钠10、20 g/d后分别增加了26.46;、29.40;,5.65;、11.86;,23.53;、41.18;和6.98;、16.28;.[结论]在绵羊日粮中添加两种水平的延胡索酸二钠均可不同程度地提高绵羊采食量,提高绵羊对干物质、有机物、纤维素、半纤维素的消化量,增加氮、钙、磷保留量和日增重,添加量为20 g/d时可显著提高绵羊对干物质、有机物和纤维素的消化率,但两种水平的延胡索酸二钠对钙、磷代谢无显著影响.     

三氟啶磺隆钠盐与莠灭净混用的联合作用

[目的]探讨三氟啶磺隆钠盐与莠灭净混用后的联合作用。[方法]以稗草、胜红蓟为供试材料,在温室盆栽条件下,采用Cowing法评价三氟啶磺隆钠盐与莠灭净混用后对稗草、胜红蓟的联合作用。[结果]三氟啶磺隆钠盐与莠灭净对稗草和胜红蓟的防治效果均随各自用药量的增加而提高,混用后的防效较各自单剂的防效大幅度提高。二者混用后对稗草的联合作用基本属于增效作用。对胜红蓟属于相加作用。[结论]二者混用用于甘蔗田除草,可以优势互补,减少各自的用量,降低三氟啶磺隆钠盐的使用成本和药害,扩大杀草谱,具有广阔的市场前景。该研究为三氟啶磺隆钠盐与莠灭净合理混用提供了科学依据。     

亚硒酸钠在低硒籽鹅体内药物代谢动力学的研究

研究亚硒酸钠在低硒籽鹅体内的药物代谢动力学,为临床合理地用药预防籽鹅缺硒病提供科学依据。选择1日龄健康籽鹅80只（公母各半）作试验动物,复制缺硒动物模型后,口服0.1%亚硒酸钠溶液,分别于投药后第0、1、2、4、8、12、24、48、72、96、144、192 h剖杀籽鹅,采取心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、胰脏、肌胃、肌肉组织样品,应用2,3—二氨基萘荧光法测定各组织中的硒含量,应用MCPKP软件计算药动学参数。肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、胰脏、肌胃均符合一级吸收二室开放模型,肌肉符合滞后一级吸收一室开放模型,心脏符合一级吸收一室开放模型。硒在肝脏中吸收最快,其次为心脏、肌胃、胰脏、肾脏、脾脏,肌肉吸收最慢;硒的消除都比较慢,最快的为肌肉,其次为心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、胰脏、肌胃。亚硒酸钠在低硒籽鹅不同组织中吸收、分布和消耗时间不同,这主要是由于硒缺乏损伤了动物机体的某些组织器官所致。     

肉桂酸催化合成条件的研究

研究了苯甲醛与乙酸酐的物质的量比、反应时间、催化剂种类以及混合催化剂物质的量比对合成肉桂酸的影响。实验结果表明,苯甲醛与乙酸酐的物质的量比为1∶3,反应时间为60 min,反应温度为170℃,催化剂为氟化钠/碳酸钾(其物质的量比为1∶2)时,肉桂酸的产率达76.6%。该工艺降低了反应温度,缩短了反应时间,提高了产率,并且该方法简单,环境污染小,产品纯度高。     

Increased Sulfation in Gracilaria fisheri Sulfated Galactans Enhances Antioxidant and Antiurolithiatic Activities and Protects HK-2 Cell Death Induced by Sodium Oxalate

Urolithiasis is a common urological disease characterized by the presence of a stone anywhere along the urinary tract. The major component of such stones is calcium oxalate, and reactive oxygen species act as an essential mediator of calcium oxalate crystallization. Previous studies have demonstrated the antioxidant and antiurolithiatic activities of sulfated polysaccharides. In this study, native sulfated galactans (N-SGs) with a molecular weight of 217.4 kDa from Gracilaria fisheri were modified to obtain lower molecular weight SG (L-SG) and also subjected to sulfation SG (S-SG). The in vitro antioxidant and antiurolithiatic activities of the modified substances and their ability to protect against sodium oxalate-induced renal tubular (HK-2) cell death were investigated. The results revealed that S-SG showed more pronounced antioxidant activities (DPPH and O₂⁻ scavenging activities) than those of other compounds. S-SG exhibited the highest antiurolithiatic activity in terms of nucleation and aggregation, as well as crystal morphology and size. Moreover, S-SG showed improved cell survival and increased anti-apoptotic BCL-2 protein in HK-2 cells treated with sodium oxalate. Our findings highlight the potential application of S-SG in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries.     

Interaction Between Salinity Stress and Verticillium Wilt Disease in Three Pistachio Rootstocks in a Calcareous Soil

ABSTRACT

The interaction between soil salinity and infection caused by Verticillium dahliae was studied in pistachio (Pistacia vera) in a greenhouse experiment. Treatments consisted of 0, 1400, 2800, and 4200 mg sodium chloride (NaCl) kg^{? 1} soil and three rootstocks (Sarakhs, Badami, and Qazvini cultivars). They were gradually exposed to salinity stress before and/or after root inoculation with a water suspension of 10⁷ conidia/mL of a pistachio isolate of V. dahliae. Salt stress significantly increased rootstock shoot and root colonization by V. dahliae. All rootstocks were susceptible to V. dahliae, but symptoms of the disease appeared earlier in Sarakhs, a salt sensitive cultivar. Moreover, salinity and V. dahliae interaction increased the concentrations of sodium (Na), potassium (K) and chloride (Cl), but decreased the K/Na ratio in all rootstocks. Shoot and root tissues of inoculated Sarakhs and Qazvini (a salt tolerant) contained the highest and the lowest concentrations of Na, K,and Cl, respectively. In salinity treatments, shoot and root dry weight of all rootstocks decreased as compared with controls. Sarakhs showed smaller shoot and root dry weight than Qazvini and Badami. Also, increasing the NaCl level increased accumulation of Na, K, and Cl in shoot and root of the rootstocks. Sarakhs showed higher concentrations of ions in the shoot and root. Based on shoot and root dry weights and ion accumulation, Sarakhs and Qazvini were susceptible and tolerant to salinity, respectively.