中国三大自然区域紫花苜蓿土壤速效钾丰缺指标和推荐施钾量

为给内蒙古高原区、黄土高原区和西北荒漠绿洲区紫花苜蓿测土施肥奠定科学基础,采用零散实验数据整合法以及养分平衡-地力差减法,开展了三大自然区域紫花苜蓿土壤速效钾丰缺指标和推荐施钾量研究.结果表明,内蒙古高原区紫花苜蓿土壤速效钾第1～4级指标依次为≥342mg/kg、89～342mg/kg、24～89mg/kg和<24mg...     

黄土高原坡面刺槐林土壤水分环境的研究

在测定黄土高原淳化、延安和米脂坡面刺槐林以及坡面农田不同深度土壤含水量的基础上,分析了坡面刺槐林土壤水分环境特点。结果表明:淳化、延安和米脂刺槐林地土壤水分含量较农地分别低8.5%、31.2%和34.2%;淳化土壤水分含量高于米脂坡面土壤水分含量,延安介于二者之间;坡面土壤水分含量随林分密度、林龄的增加而降低,同时阴坡土壤水分含量明显高于阳坡,在连续干旱时仅有表层0~40 cm土壤水分含量受降水影响呈现出一定的波动,而100~200 cm土壤水分呈现持续消耗,深层几乎不受季节的影响。     

Expression of natural killer cell stimulatory receptor NKG2D and its ligand MICA in Tibetan patients with gastric cancer at Qinghai plateau

AIM: To investigate the expression of natural killer cell stimulation receptor D(NKG2D) in peripheral blood and the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related protein A(MICA) on the gastric carcinoma tissue and the neighboring non-cancerous tissue in Tibetan patients with gastric cancer at Qinghai plateau. METHODS: Samples of 33 patients and 20 healthy persons were collected to detect NKG2D in peripheral blood by Flow cytometry analysis. The expressions of MICA in part of the correspondent tissues were examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: The expression of NKG2D in the plateau of Tibetan patients with gastric cancer group (13.47 ±5.26)% was significantly lower than that in healthy groups (32.62±10.08)%. The mRNA level of MICA in gastric cancer was significantly higher than that in neighboring non-cancerous tissue (P<0.05). The expressions of MICA proteins showed a significant difference between the neighboring non-cancerous tissue (21.21%, 7/33) and the gastric carcinoma tissue (78.79%, 26/33), between the high differentiation (60.00%, 3/5) and the moderate (72.73%, 8/11), low differentiation (88.24%, 15/17). The expressions of MICA were not correlated with tumor size, sex, age, lymph node metastasis of the patients (P>0.05). Spearman rank correlation displayed that the expressions of MICA mRNA were positively correlated with the MICA protein level (r=0.903, P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The immune escape in Tibetan patients with gastric cancer at Qinghai plateau probably relates to the down-regulation of NKG2D and the up-regulation of its ligand MICA. The activity of NK cells and the anti-cancer cellular immunity level are descending in the plateau of Tibetan patients with gastric cancer. The decrease in the receptor NKG2D is a reason for the activity of NK cell descending.     

青藏高原矿产资源开发与地质环境保护协调发展的对策探讨

青藏高原矿产资源丰富,但其脆弱的地质环境制约着矿产资源的开发。为了促进青藏高原矿产资源合理开发利用和地质环境的保护,实现资源开发与环境保护协调和区域的可持续发展,需要进行青藏高原矿产资源开发与地质环境保护协调发展的对策探讨。青藏高原具有矿产资源丰富、开发利用程度低和开发利用潜力大的现状特点,因矿产资源开发产生占用和破坏土地资源、造成水均衡破坏与水污染、诱发的地质灾害等环境问题,对地质环境造成了不同程度的负面影响,提出了矿产资源开发与地质环境协调发展的保护对策。     

感染高原鼠兔的皮蝇蛆16SrRNA基因序列研究

利用分子生物学技术对高原鼠兔感染皮蝇蛆16SrRNA基因进行了研究,扩增出长度为551 bp的序列,克隆测序,将其序列与GenBank中的皮蝇科、胃蝇科的序列进行了聚类分析,并构建分子进化树.结果显示,感染高原鼠兔的皮蝇蛆与皮蝇科的皮蝇蛆遗传距离更近,在一个大的进化树分支上,基因片段同源性84.6％～88.4％之间,与胃蝇科的红尾胃蝇基因片段同源性60.1％ ～64.4％之间.几株感染高原鼠兔的皮蝇蛆之间的基因片段同源性94.4％～99.6％之间.     

冀西北高原还林地林带间水分动态与资源适度利用研究

针对冀西北坝上还林地间作的4种模式,对林带间水分进行监测研究。结果表明:4龄榆树与林带间荒草地耗水量差异不显著;林带间作大豆、苜蓿、小南瓜使得远林带点耗水量分别高于林带间荒草地5.2、11.6、20.0 mm,近林带点差异不显著;间种作物未影响幼林的生长,且能获得较好的经济产值;还林地间作小南瓜,不仅可通过瓜蔓郁蔽效应改善林带土壤水分,而且可获得当地主栽作物1.85倍的经济产值,是一生态-经济效益兼顾的幼林地资源适度利用范式。     

高原湿地纳帕海土壤持水力对不同放牧的响应

选择滇西北高原纳帕海湿地作为研究对象,对生物践踏型(牛、羊践踏)与生物扰动型(藏香猪翻拱)放牧作用下的湿地土壤持水力特征进行对比研究。结果表明:(1)不同放牧方式显著影响湿地土壤理化性质以及土壤持水力。牛羊践踏型放牧下的土壤有机质、总孔隙度、自然含水量以及最大持水量、有机质均显著(P0.05)高于扰动型放牧,而践踏型放牧下的土壤容重显著(P0.05)低于扰动型放牧;(2)不同研究区域,土壤持水力对放牧的响应不同。布伦放牧区土壤最大持水力在2种放牧方式下的差异不显著(P0.05),而哈木古和伊拉放牧区的土壤最大持水力在2种放牧方式下均有显著差异(P0.05);(3)不同季节,土壤持水力指标对放牧的响应程度亦不相同。在旱季,土壤持水力在2种放牧方式下的差异性较雨季更为显著(P0.01)。研究表明,湿地土壤水源涵养功能与放牧方式、放牧季节和放牧区域有关。基于湿地水源涵养功能的保护,应取缔土壤扰动型放牧,有效调控践踏型放牧的强度并减少旱季放牧。     

The effect of land cover/vegetation on soil water dynamic in the hilly area of the loess plateau,China

Severe soil and water loss has lead to widespread land degradation in China's loess plateau. During the past decades, a great deal of effort was made on vegetation restoration to reduce soil and water loss in the loess plateau. However, due to water shortage the efficiency of vegetation restoration was not as satisfactory as expected. As part of a vegetation restoration project, we conducted research aiming to understand the relationship between vegetation pattern and soil water dynamics. The goal was to find vegetation types appropriate for the loess plateau with scarce water resources. In 1986, fifteen plots of land were planted with five vegetation types: pine woodland, shrubland, sloping cropland, alfalfa and semi-natural grassland. Soil water content, runoff, soil erosion were measured for each plot. Environmental variables, such as rainfall, evaporation and temperature, were recorded simultaneously by an automated meteorological station. The relationship between land cover pattern and soil water dynamic was evaluated by using statistical models. We found that: (1) soil water loss occurred during the growing season, and it reached the maximum in the second half of July; (2) soil water was not fully replenished from rainfall during the rainy season; (3) pine woodland induced the largest water loss to surface runoff, followed by sloping cropland, alfalfa, semi-natural grassland and shrubland; the poor capability of pine woodland for water conservation may be attributed to soil compaction and poor ground coverage under the tree; (4) in most cases, soil water of the five vegetation types was low except for shrubland and semi-natural grassland where it was moderate-high during a few periods. These conditions inhibit sustainable vegetation growth in the semi-arid loess hilly area of the loess plateau, China.     

黄土高原水土保持对农业持续发展的作用

通过大量事实分析了水土流失的危害及水土保持对农业可持续发展的作用,充分说明了水土保持是黄土高原农业走持续发展道路的可靠保证,也是改善生态环境和生产条件并防止山区水旱灾害,促进群众脱贫致富的根本途径。     

黄土高原生态环境脆弱性计算方法探讨

在前人工作的基础上，该提出了评价黄土高原生态环境脆弱性的数学方法，并对黄土高原１０５个水土流失重点县进行了脆弱度指标计算。以脆弱度指标为依据，对黄土高原１０５个县生态脆弱性进行了分区、按其脆弱状况，划分为强脆弱区；中脆弱区；轻脆弱区３个区。