Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: current understanding and recommendations from the Australian and New Zealand Equine Endocrine Group

The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the current knowledge and opinions about the epidemiology, clinical findings (including sequelae), diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, particularly in the Australian context. This information and the recommendations provided will assist practitioners in making informed decisions regarding the diagnosis and management of this disorder.     

四季鹅产蛋前后腺垂体远侧部细胞的超微结构比较

对处于产蛋、停产和产前等不同时期的四季鹅腺垂体远侧部分泌促激素的６类细胞，即促生长激素细胞（α细胞）、催乳激素细胞（η细胞）、促卵泡形成激素细胞（β细胞）、促黄体生成激素细胞（γ细胞）、促甲状腺激素细胞（δ细胞）及嫌色细胞等的超微结构作了比较观察。结果表明，产蛋期嗜碱性β、γ和δ细胞呈旺盛的细胞结构象，细胞器结构发达，腺体功能活跃；停产期特征是η细胞稍增多，细胞器少，腺体功能处于相对静止；产前期仅α细胞功能活跃，嫌色细胞数量较多，此时腺体功能低下。     

The Effect of Season on the Histologic and Histomorphometric Appearance of the Equine Pituitary Gland

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of season on the histologic and histomorphometric appearance of the normal equine pituitary gland. Pituitary glands were collected at necropsy from 121 horses throughout the year. Plasma was also collected from 59 of these horses before euthanasia. Hematoxylin and eosin stained median sagittal sections of each pituitary were evaluated and histologically graded by three pathologists. Histomorphometric analysis was performed on the same slides. Plasma α-melanocyte stimulating hormone was measured by radioimmunoassay in a subset of horses (n = 59). A total of 118 pituitary glands were included in the study after exclusions were made on the basis of the presence of pars intermedia (PI) adenomas (>5 mm). There was a positive correlation between PI hormone concentration (α-melanocyte stimulating hormone) and PI area. Pituitary gland measurements and grades from samples collected in the fall were compared with those collected in the nonfall months using t-test. The PI area, total pituitary area, and PI/total pituitary ratio were significantly greater in the fall compared with nonfall months (P < .0001, P < .01, P < .0001, respectively). Pituitary grades were also higher in the fall compared with nonfall months (P < .001). There was no seasonal difference in pars distalis or pars nervosa area. The results of this study show that the normal equine pituitary shows seasonal changes in appearance and size. These changes must be considered when using postmortem histologic evaluations in the diagnosis of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction or for validation of antemortem diagnostic tests.     

水冬瓜叶的生药学及其近红外快速鉴别技术研究

采用近红外光谱技术对落叶小乔木水冬瓜叶进行生药学鉴别研究,并建立快速真伪定性鉴别模型。采集42批次水冬瓜叶药材近红外原始光谱并对原始光谱进行预处理,运用主成分分析法(PCA)建立水冬瓜叶药材定性鉴别模型。同时分别采用6批次水冬瓜叶药材、水冬瓜根皮药材与水冬瓜树皮药材验证模型。结果表明:水冬瓜叶互生,呈阔心形,先端渐尖;叶表皮细胞体积膨大,附有非腺毛、表面有气孔;粉末中富含方晶,导管为螺纹导管,气孔为平轴式。建立的近红外快速定性鉴别模型可以快速、准确地鉴别出水冬瓜叶药材正品,预测准确率为100%,为水冬瓜叶药材质量评价提供了一种新技术与方法,可为今后水冬瓜叶的鉴定及深入研究提供鉴定依据。     

四川两种竹材理化性质及纤维形态分析

为有效利用四川的乡土竹种慈竹和绵竹,测定分析了2个竹种的理化性质和纤维形态,并与毛竹及常见的阔叶材和针叶材做了对比。结果表明：1）在化学成分上,2个竹种的抽提物含量均小于毛竹,而介于针叶材和阔叶材之间,2个竹种的综纤维素含量和纤维素含量均高于毛竹,木质素含量与毛竹接近,但灰分含量远高于毛竹、阔叶材和针叶材;2）在物理力学特性上,2个竹种竹材密度略低于毛竹,顺纹抗压强度均明显高于毛竹,且优于强度较高的阔叶材马占相思木,2个竹种的抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度均明显高于毛竹,抗剪强度与毛竹接近,表明2个竹种力学强度均较大,可以用作结构用竹或建筑用竹;3）在纤维形态上,慈竹和绵竹的平均纤维长度分别为0.63和0.67 mm,均小于毛竹,且纤维长度多为500~1 000和1 000~1 500 μm,2个竹种的纤维长宽比均在45以下,表明慈竹和绵竹均不适于作为造纸原料。     

Site fidelity,survival and conservation options for the threatened flapper skate (Dipturus cf. intermedia)

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