大气CO2浓度升高和氮加富对羊栖菜有关生理生化特征的影响

以褐藻门马尾藻科马尾藻属羊栖菜（Hizikia fusiformis）为试验材料,探讨了在2种氮（N）水平下,CO2浓度升高对羊栖菜生长、光合作用和生化组成的影响。试验设350和700 mol mol-12种CO2浓度水平,以及自然海水加入浓度0、500 mol L-1的NaNO3 2种N肥施用水平。结果表明,在自然海水培养的条件下,倍增CO2对羊栖菜生长、光合作用和生化组成的影响不明显。而在N加富海水中培养的藻体升高CO2较明显的抑制了藻体的生长,并且干重鲜重比、体内蛋白质和可溶性多糖的含量分别降低4.5%、15%、32%。这可能主要是由于N加富使藻体内NO2- 过多积累,而CO2升高使水体pH值降低,在藻体内形成HNO2产生的毒害作用。     

Hydrological and water cycle processes of inland river basins in the arid region of Northwest China

The increasing shortage in water resources is a key factor affecting sustainable socio-economic development in the arid region of Northwest China(ARNC). Water shortages also affect the stability of the region's oasis ecosystem. This paper summarizes the hydrological processes and water cycle of inland river basins in the ARNC, focusing on the following aspects: the spatial-temporal features of water resources(including air water vapor resources, runoff, and glacial meltwater) and their driving forces; the characteristics of streamflow composition in the inland river basins; the characteristics and main controlling factors of baseflow in the inland rivers; and anticipated future changes in hydrological processes and water resources. The results indicate that:(1) although the runoff in most inland rivers in the ARNC showed a significant increasing trend, both the glaciated area and glacial ice reserves have been reduced in the mountains;(2) snow melt and glacier melt are extremely important hydrological processes in the ARNC, especially in the Kunlun and Tianshan mountains;(3) baseflow in the inland rivers of the ARNC is the result of climate change and human activities, with the main driving factors being the reduction in forest area and the over-exploitation and utilization of groundwater in the river basins; and(4) the contradictions among water resources, ecology and economy will further increase in the future. The findings of this study might also help strengthen the ecological, economic and social sustainable development in the study region.     

云南祥云水目山鸟类多样性研究

结合样线法和样点法、红外相机陷阱法对云南祥云水目山的鸟类资源进行调查。调查结果,共记录鸟类77种（或亚种）,分属9目27科,其中以雀形目鹟科鸟类种数最多,为29种,占记录种数的37.7%。统计结果,居留类型属于留鸟的有64种;区系划分中东洋种鸟类有70种;有8种列入国家重点保护野生动物名录,国家一级重点保护鸟类1种黑颈长尾雉（Syrmaticus humiae）,属祥云县境内首次发现,其余7种为国家二级重点保护鸟类。多样性分析结果,在不同生境中,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数变化趋势为：针叶林＞阔叶林＞灌丛＞农田;而Simpson优势度指数变化趋势相反。受宗教文化影响,一些珍稀濒危物种得以保存。     

果香味剂对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞培养液中乳成分含量及风味影响的研究

试验旨在研究果香味剂对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞培养液中乳成分含量及培养液风味的影响。试验选用自制的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞,设5个处理组,果香味剂的添加剂量分别为0、5、10、15和20μg/mL。结果表明:①当培养基中果香味剂添加量为15μg/mL时,乳腺上皮细胞培养液中总蛋白水平、甘油三酯及乳糖含量均达到最高,其中对脂肪含量影响显著(P<0.05),而对蛋白和乳糖含量影响不显著(P>0.05),之后呈下降趋势,说明果香味剂可能会诱导奶牛乳腺上皮细胞乳蛋白、乳脂和乳糖分泌水平的升高;②运用PT/GC-MS分析乳腺培养液中的风味成分,与对照组相比,各试验组中除具有原有乳腺培养液的风味外,还有乙酸异丁酯、乙酸异戊酯、丙酸异戊酯、丙酸戊酯、丁酸异丁酯、丁酸戊酯、丁酸乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯等物质成分,而这些物质成分正好是果香味剂中进入到乳腺培养液中的风味物质,且当添加剂量为15μg/mL时,各物质成分含量为最高(P<0.05),之后呈下降趋势。果香味剂能显著影响奶牛乳腺上皮培养液中乳成分含量和风味。     

Utilization of wastewater-grown zooplankton: Nutritional quality of zooplankton and performance of silver perch Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell 1838) (Teraponidae) fed on wastewater-grown zooplankton

Zooplankton grow in the last stage of water purification at the Werribee Sewage Treatment Lagoons (WSTL) and the resource is huge and unutilized. Daphnia carinata and Moina australiensis are the dominant species at the WSTL. The protein content of D. carinata and M. australiensis was 54.80% and 64.80%, respectively. Analysis of zooplankton showed that both essential and nonessential amino acids were present at a level that was higher than control diet. Silver perch fed on D. carinata exhibited better growth, better food conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and apparent net protein utilization (ANPU), which were not significantly different from the control diet ( P  > 0.05). Heavy metals concentrations were at very low levels in fish fed on wastewater-grown zooplankton.     

折叠式渔笼作业渔获种类组成

2009年2-12月(伏季休渔期间除外)在笼捕作业渔船上采用收集渔捞日志和随机取样的方法对折叠式渔笼渔获物进行分析。共收集渔捞日志65份,抽样分析了折叠式渔笼渔获9批。对该渔获进行种类鉴定和组成分析,共分析标本重量50.15kg。结果表明:渔获物中共出现48个种,其中鱼类25种、蟹类15种、头足类3种、螺类2种、虾类2种、虾姑类1种;按重量比例为蟹类占51.27%、鱼类占41.21%、头足类占5.96%、螺类占0.92%、虾蛄类占0.57%、虾类占0.08%。     

安吉白茶阶段性返白过程中的生理生化变化

对安吉白茶春季返白过程中保护性酶活力及其生化成分的变化作了检测,结果表明,安吉白茶 芽梢在早春返白过程中,过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活力升高,而超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活 力降低;脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、叶绿素（ＣＨ）、儿茶素、咖啡因等含量则下降,芽梢复绿后,ＰＯＤ 活力降低,ＣＡＴ,ＳＯＤ 活力回升;叶绿素,ＭＤＡ,儿茶素和咖啡固含量也上升。     

资源植物红景天研究综述

对资源植物红景天的化学成份、新药理学作用研究进行了归纳分析，并对其开发利用过程中遇到的问题及相应对策进行了讨论。目前国内外已对20多种红景天的化学成分进行了研究及预试工作，分离出了9大类，40多种化学成份。红景天新的药理学作用研究发现，其具有显著的抗衰老、抗缺氧、抗不良刺激、抗病毒及肿瘤、抗疲劳和对机体双向调节等新的作用机制。红景天研究过程中存在着其生殖生理学特性引起的濒危状况、红景天资源研究系统性较差和开发与利用过程中存在着利用与生态环境保护的矛盾。针对这些问题，提出构建红景天种质资源库，选择质量性状指标进行资源筛选工作，及其采用现代生物技术手段建立最优化的红景天引种驯化群体，作为开发利用的基础。     

非洲山毛豆种子物理特征与常量化学成分分析

以野生非洲山毛豆种子为材料,对其种子的部分物理特征和常量化学成分进行了研究．结果表明,种子的长、宽、厚分别为4．63mm、4．01mm、1．92mm,千粒重21．52g,容重659．8g／L,自流角25．89°,静止角23．15°．常量化学成分：ω（水分及挥发物）=9．89％,ω（粗脂肪）=13．47％,ω（粗蛋白）=38．73％,ω（总糖）：21．35％,ω（灰分）=4．84％,ω（淀粉）=10．76％,ω（粗纤维）=11．91％．山毛豆种子油脂油脂酸价2．7mg／g,过氧化值1．17mmol／kg,皂化价188mg／g,碘价118g／100g,密度0．8599g／mL,折光系数1．4648．山毛豆种子是一种脂肪和蛋白质含量较高的豆类种子．     

Silage and total mixed ration hygienic quality on commercial farms: implications for animal production

Implications of silage hygienic quality for animal production were investigated on forty‐five dairy farms in South West England. Samples of grass and maize silages and of total mixed rations (TMR) were obtained together with information on silage technology, herd size and animal production. Samples were analysed for mycotoxins, bacteria, yeasts, moulds and chemical composition. Thirteen mycotoxins were assayed, but none were detected in the samples of grass silage. However, mycotoxins were found in 0·9 of all maize and other silage samples, with deoxynivalenol and zearalenone predominating. There was no relationship between total mycotoxin concentration and mean lactation milk yield per cow. Enterobacteria counts tended to be higher in maize silage than in grass silage and higher still in TMR – a cause for concern. There were no relationships between mould counts and mycotoxin concentrations in silages, implying that mycotoxins may have been produced in the field pre‐ensiling.