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1.
Jing Qiu 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2005,83(1):1-8
Metalaxyl [methyl-N-(2′-methoxyacetyl)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-d,l- alaninate] is a potent phenylamide fungicide. The (−)-(R)-isomer accounts for most of the fungicidal activity. A possible stereo and/or enantioselective kinetics of metalaxyl in rabbits was investigated by intravenous injection. The concentrations of (−)-(R)- and (+)-(S)-metalaxyl in plasma, liver, and kidney tissue were determined by HPLC with a cellulose-Tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)-based chiral stationary phase and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. After intravenous administration of racemic metalaxyl (40 mg/kg), the (+)-(S)-enantiomer levels in plasma, liver, and kidney decreased more rapidly than the (−)-(R)-isomer. The area ratio of the (−)-(R)-/(+)-(S)-enantiomer under the concentration-time curve (AUC0 → ∞) in plasma after drug application was 1.62. The total plasma clearance value of the (+)-(S)-enantiomer was 1.53 and higher than that of the (−)-(R)-enantiomer. The [R]/[S] ratio in plasma was >1 for standard rac-metalaxyl at each time point. The other pharmacokinetic parameters of the enantiomers were also different. The results indicate substantial stereoselectivity in the degradation of metalaxyl enantiomers in rabbits. 相似文献
2.
Isoxaflutole is a new pre‐emergence herbicide for use in maize and sugarcane. Its two main derivatives are a diketonitrile derivative, the 2‐cyano‐3‐cyclopropyl‐1‐(2‐methanesulfonyl‐4‐trifluoromethylphenyl)propan‐1,3‐dione, named DKN, and a benzoic acid derivative, the 2‐methanesulfonyl‐4‐trifluoromethylbenzoic acid, named BA. The adsorption/desorption processes have never been studied for isoxaflutole (IFT) at high concentrations nor for BA, and the present work aimed at completing the knowledge of the behaviour of these three molecules in conditions close to those encountered in the context of agricultural use. The adsorption/desorption study was conducted on seven soils of different physical and chemical properties, using the batch equilibrium technique. During the experiments, IFT was chemically converted into DKN in a continuous manner. This reaction appeared to be dependent on the pH of the soil and was taken into account in the calculations of the adsorbed and desorbed amounts. The adsorption isotherms obtained were predominantly C‐shaped for IFT and DKN and S‐shaped for BA, but some differences appeared on a few soils. They fitted well the Freundlich equation, and the values of the Freundlich coefficient Kfa showed that, whatever the soil, IFT was more adsorbed than its two derivatives. The main parameter influencing the adsorption of IFT appeared to be the organic matter content, whereas this effect was not evident for DKN and BA. No correlation was found between the extent of adsorption and either clay content or pH of the soil, for the three molecules. 相似文献
3.
Effects of concentrate‐to‐forage ratios and 2‐methylbutyrate supplementation on ruminal fermentation,bacteria abundance and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in Chinese Simmental steers 下载免费PDF全文
C. Wang Q. Liu G. Guo W. J. Huo C. X. Pei S. L. Zhang H. Wang 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(4):901-909
This study evaluated the effects of dietary concentrate levels and 2‐methylbutyrate (2MB ) supplementation on performance, ruminal fermentation, bacteria abundance, microbial enzyme activity and urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD ) in steers. Eight ruminally cannulated Simmental steers (12 months of age; 389 ± 3.7 kg of body weight) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Moderate‐concentrate (400 g/kg diet [MC ]) or high‐concentrate (600 g/kg diet [HC ]) diets were fed with or without 2MB (0 g/day [2MB ?] or 15.0 g/day [2MB +]). Dry matter intake and average daily gain increased, but feed conversion ratio decreased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Ruminal pH decreased, but total volatile fatty acid increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Molar proportion of acetate and acetate‐to‐propionate ratio decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. Propionate molar proportion and ruminal NH 3‐N content increased with the HC diet, but decreased with 2MB supplementation. Neutral detergent fibre degradability decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. Crude protein degradability increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Abundance of Ruminococcus albus , Ruminococcus flavefaciens , Fibrobacter succinogenes and Bufyrivibrio fibrisolvens as well as activities of carboxymethyl cellulase, cellobiase, xylanase and pectinase decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. However, abundance of Prevotella ruminicola and Ruminobacter amylophilus as well as activities of α‐amylase and protease increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Total PD excretion also increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. The results suggested that growth performance, ruminal fermentation, CP degradability and total PD excretion increased with increasing dietary concentrate level from 40% to 60% or 2MB supplementation. The observed diet × 2MB interaction indicated that supplementation of 2MB was more efficacious for improving growth performance, ruminal fermentation and total PD excretion with promoted ruminal bacteria abundance and enzyme activity in the MC diet than in the HC diet. 相似文献
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选用安装瘤胃瘘管的绵羊4只,分别饲喂含0、100、300和500mg.kg-1女贞子提取物的饲粮,通过4×4拉丁方实验设计,系统研究了饲喂女贞子提取物对DM、CP、ADF和NDF降解率的影响。结果表明,培养48h后,饲喂女贞子提取物提高了NDF、ADF降解率(P>0.05);对DM、CP降解率未产生影响。 相似文献
6.
温度对侧耳菌降解秸秆粗纤维的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
侧耳菌在16、20、24℃3个不同环境温度下处理玉米秸秆,通过测定秸秆中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的含量,揭示在不同温度下侧耳菌对秸秆粗纤维的降解规律。结果表明,随着处理时间的延长,秸秆NDF和ADF均呈下降趋势。处理结束时,3个温度条件下NDF降解率分别达到5.27%、8.53%和9.76%,3个处理组ADF含量分别为47.86%、46.8%和46.14%,降解率分别为3.08%、5.22%和6.56%,表明侧耳菌可以降解秸秆粗纤维,并且低温环境下降解速度较慢,降解程度较低。 相似文献
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8.
采用田间试验方法,研究了莫比朗在柑桔和土壤中的消解动态和最终残留。样品用乙腈提取,过Envi-Florial固相小柱净化,液相色谱紫外检测器检测,外标法定量。残留动态试验结果表明,施药浓度为推荐剂量的两倍时(有效成分120g·hm-2),莫比朗在柑桔中的半衰期分别为7.00~8.90d,土壤中为4.00~6.38d。在有效成分为60g·hm-2的剂量下,施药3次,施药后第21d柑桔中莫比朗残留量低于0.10mg·kg-1。 相似文献
9.
3种水生植物对水溶液中乐果的降解作用研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过在人工配制的含有机磷农药乐果的营养液中培养水生植物,研究了水葱、香蒲和石菖蒲对水溶液中有机磷农药乐果的去除效果,并探讨了水葱对乐果降解的动力学过程。结果表明,在抑菌条件下,3种植物都能够显著促进乐果的降解,去除能力为:水葱>香蒲>石菖蒲。水葱10d内对5mg·L-1乐果的去除率为59.8%,香蒲和石菖蒲组对乐果的去除率分别为42.5%和36.9%。在不抑菌条件下,水葱对乐果的去除符合一级动力学方程,去除速率常数为0.099d-1,水溶液中未检测到乐果降解的中间产物。 相似文献
10.