Nitrate and bromide contents of glasshouse radish as affected by soil content and global radiation

Abstract

Samples (208) of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) foliage and root were collected from commercial glasshouses. Simultaneously corresponding soil samples were taken. Both plant and soil samples were analysed for nitrate and bromide.

The nitrate contents of foliage and root are affected by global radiation and by nitrate content of the soil. An interaction between the two factors was found; It indicated that soil nitrate content had a considerable effect in summer, but much less so in winter under poor light conditions, when the level of nitrate in the crop is high regardless of the nitrogen status of the soil. To study the effect of radiation on nitrate content of radish in summer it was found best to consider the cumulative amount of radiation during 10 days before harvest; in winter, a period of 20–30 days was more suitable.

The bromide content of foliage and root (highest values being resp. 390 and 73 mg Br per kg fresh product) was correlated with the concentration of bromide in the 1:2 volume soil extract. An increase of 1 mmol NO₃ per 1 soil extract lowered the Br content of fresh radish roots by 5.8 mg Br per kg.     

玫瑰对溴甲烷耐药性机理及其预防措施研究

本文研究了澳甲烷对玫瑰熏蒸药害的机理和预防措施，结果表明高剂量溴甲烷能破坏玫瑰的抗氧化系统，导致品质受损。玫瑰熏蒸前用甘油喷雾或内吸Vc或硫酸铝，可降低药害。     

铬天青S－溴化十六烷基三甲铵－乙醇高灵敏分光光度法测定植物和土壤水中铝

本文探讨了铝与铬天青Ｓ的最佳显色反应条件。当ｐＨ为６．５，在溴化十六烷基三甲铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）和乙醇的存在下，铝与铬天青Ｓ形成绿色配合物，最大吸收峰位于６３５ｕｍ，表观摩尔吸光系数为１．６５×１０５Ｌ／ｍｏｌ·ｃｍ，铝含量在０～０．２４μｇ／ｍＬ范围内符合比耳定律。在本实验条件下，该方法具有良好的选择性，应用于植物和土壤水中铝的测定，结果满意。     

优溴胺对人工诱发鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效观察

本试验人工诱发1周龄艾维茵商品肉仔鸡患上大肠杆菌病,然后用优溴胺3个不同剂量对致病鸡进行预防和治疗试验,以硫酸阿米卡星、盐酸左旋氧氟沙星和头孢噻呋钠作为对照药物,评价优溴胺对鸡大肠杆菌病的预防和治疗效果。试验结果表明：优溴胺对鸡大肠杆菌病具有较好的预防和治疗效果,高、中剂量组的保护率和治愈率均明显高于硫酸阿米卡星组、盐酸左旋氧氟沙星组和头孢噻呋钠组;保护率高达93.3%（P〈0.05）,治愈率高达90.0%（P〈0.05）。     

苯扎溴铵对几种淡水水生动物的急性毒性

采用静水生物毒性试验方法测试了苯扎溴铵对大型溞（Daphnia magna）,团头鲂（Megalobrama amblycephala）幼鱼、草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）幼鱼、田螺（Cipangopaludina cathayensis）、中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）芋期仔蟹和幼蟹的半致死浓度（LC50）及安全浓度（SC）。结果显示：大型溞的24、48、72、96h的LC50分别为0.56、0.34、0.19、0.13mg/L,团头鲂幼鱼的为1.53、1.44、1.38、1.31 mg/L,草鱼幼鱼的为4.59、4.42、4.36、4.23 mg/L,田螺的为15.21、10.52、7.76、5.01 mg/L,芋期仔蟹的为10.33、6.73、5.41、5.02 mg/L,幼蟹的为17.95、2.42、8.67、6.22 mg/L;SC分别为0.04、0.38、1.23、1.51、0.86、1.78 mg/L。根据SC高低,耐苯扎溴铵毒性能力依次为幼蟹＞田螺＞草鱼幼鱼＞Ⅲ期仔蟹＞团头鲂幼鱼＞大型溞。苯扎溴铵在防治固着类纤毛虫病泼洒浓度为0.35mg/L下时,不会对团头鲂幼鱼、草鱼幼鱼、田螺、Ⅲ期仔蟹和幼蟹产生毒性作用,而对大型溞会产生毒性杀死作用,池塘中可通过适量增加投饵量或投放其他饵料以补充减少的大型溞饵料生物数量。     

[C8mim]Br对蚯蚓抗氧化系统的亚慢性毒性效应

以OECD标准的基质染毒法测定了离子液体溴化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑([C8mim]Br)对蚯蚓(Eisenia foetida)的急性毒性效应和亚慢件毒性条件下蚯蚓体内CAT、SOD、GST的活性和GSH、MDA含量的变化,以期初步分析[C8mim]Br对蚯蚓抗氧化系统的作用及其毒性作用的可能机理.结果表明,[C8mim]Br对蚯蚓的7 d-LD50和14 d-LD50分别为206.8 mg·kg-1和159.4 mg·kg-1.亚慢件暴露42 d后蚯蚓体内CAT的活件受到显著抑制;SOD的活性在低浓度(1～5 mg·kg-1)受到抑制,高浓度(20～40 mg·kg-1)被激活;在高浓度处理组(20～40 mg·kg-1)GST的活性显著高于对照.10～40 mg·kg-1浓度的[C8mim]Br处理组GSH的含量显著升高,各处理组MDA含量与对照相比没有差异.推测[C8mim]Br可能通过肠道吸收进入蚯蚓体内,并诱导了蚯蚓体内抗氧化系统的反馈效应.     

应用真空熏蒸技术杀灭蔗扁蛾

利用真空熏蒸技术对受蔗扁蛾Opogona sacchari Bojer危害的发财树进行了真空熏蒸处理.结果表明,在真空条件下,仅需要较低的熏蒸剂量在较短的时间内即可全部杀死发财树里的蔗扁蛾,杀虫效果达100%,达到快速、高效、安全、环保的要求.为花卉害虫的处理提供了一种新的方法.     

Analysis of chromosome aberration due to ethidium bromide using AFM

AIM: To study chromosome aberration due to ethidium bromide (EB),a heterocyclic organic compound and an organic fluorescence dye commonly used in biochemical experiment,and to help further understanding the molecular mechanism of tumor or cancer induced by EB and other heterocyclic organic compounds.METHODS: The toxicity action of EB was evaluated from three aspects including DNA,chromosome and embryo stem cells (ESCs) using atomic force microscopy (AFM),and thereinto,the morphology structural difference of ESCs treated with two EB doses was also valuated.RESULTS: The morphological structures of DNA,chromosome and ESCs were dramatically damaged.The average height of DNA decreased 0.5 nm;chromosomal arms were ruptured from centromere location;molecules of cellular membrane congregated and loop-like structure formed,and ES cell masses were collapsed and became dead after large EB doses treatment and mesh-like morphological structure was discernable.CONCLUSION: The toxicity action of EB is strong and destroys the surface structure of DNA and chromosome.EB induces structural aberration of ES cellular membrane and cell death.The results indicate that the action of EB is externalized at gene level and cell level,which is important to study the carcinogenicity of EB.     

溴化十六烷基三甲铵存在时伏安法测定雌二醇含量

雌二醇在用裸玻碳电极进行伏安法测定时的电活性极低。但雌二醇在有阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲铵 (CTMAB)存在时 ,使用Nafion修饰的玻碳电极 ,则可于 0 .35V处有一灵敏的响应。据此 ,建立了雌二醇的线性扫描伏安测定法。适宜条件下 ,线性范围为1× 1 0 - 8mol/L8× 1 0 - 5 mol/L ,检测限为 5× 1 0 - 9mol/L。