Use of netting and whitewash spray to protect papaya plants against Nivun Haamir (NH)-dieback disease

A disease causing the decline of papaya (Carica papaya) plants was noticed in the Jordan Valley in 1982. The disease caused severe yellowing of the upper leaves and dieback of the apex. The disease was not transmissible mechanically and continued efforts to associate viruses and viroids have so far been unsuccessful. Epidemiological observations suggested that the disease is airborne and probably caused by a mollicute. In order to test this hypothesis, plots were covered by an insect-proof net and with white nets providing 15, 30 and 50% shade. The 30%, 50% and insect-proof nettings provided complete protection, and the 15% netting reduced disease incidence to <2%, compared with>37% in the uncovered control plot. Spraying plants at weekly intervals with a commercial whitewash solution was also found to be effective in reducing disease incidence. The advantages of using a range of netting field treatments as a simple means for obtaining information on the epidemiological nature of a new disease are described.     

Progressive Dermal Collagenosis of Male Miniature Swine

Abstract— A unique dermatosis of male miniature swine is described. The disease occurs in post-pubertal pigs, and is characterized by symmetrical, indurated, plaques over the truncal region. Histologically, the dermis and panniculus are effaced by thick, interwoven bundles of collagen resulting in an absence of deep dermal elastin. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of superficial dermal vessels, fibroblasts and fibrocytes are accompanied by perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils. The pathogenesis of this unusual dermatosis, designated as “progressive dermal collagenosis of male miniature swine” is unknown. Résumé— Une dermatose originale du cochon nain mâle est décrite. La maladie apparait chez des cochons post pubertaires, et est caractérisée par des plaques sur le tronc, indurées et symétriques. Histologliquement, le derme et le pannicule sont envahis par d‘épais falsceaux de collagène, entrainant l'absence d’élastine dermique. Les vaisseaux du derme superficiei sont hyperplasiés et hypertrophiés, des fibroblastes et des fibrocytes sont accompagnés d'un infiltrat inflammatoire périvasculaire de lymphocytes, éosinophiles et plasmocytes. La pathogénie de cette affection peu commune, appelée “collagénose dermique progressive du cochon nain mâle” est inconnue. Zusammenfassung— Es wird eine einzigartige Hauterkrankung beim männlichen Miniaturschwein beschrieben. Die Krankheit tritt bei postpubertären Schweinen auf und wird durch symmetrische, indurierte Plagues im Rumpfbereich gekennzeichnet. Histologisch treten Dermis und Pannikulus gegenüber dicken, verflochtenen Kollagenbündeln in den Hintergrund, wodurch das tiefe, dermale Elastin verschwindet. Die Hypertrophie und Hyperplasie der oberflächlichen Hautgefäße, Fibroblasten und Fibrozyten wird von perivaskulären Infiltraten aus Lymphozyten, Plasmazellen und eosinophilen Granulozyten begleitet. Die Pathogenese dieser ungewöhnlichen Dermatose, die als “progressive dermale Kollagenose des männlichen Miniaturschweins” bezeichnet wird, ist unbekannt. Resumen El presente artículo es una descripción de una dermatosis única del macho cerdo miniatura. Le enfermedad aparece después de la pubertad, y se caracteriza por la aparición de placas simétricas sobre la región del tronco. El exámen histológico de la dermis y del tejido panicular revela la presencia de gruesas bandas de colágeno entrelazadas, lo cual tiene como resultado la ausencia de la capa de elastina profunda. La hipertrofia e hiperplasia de los vasos superficiales dérmicos, fibroblastos y fibrocitos, se ve acompañadas de infiltrados perivasculares de linfocitos, células plasmáticas y eosinófilos. La patogénesis de esta rara dermatosis Ilamada ‘colagenosis dérmica progresiva del cardo macho miniatura’, es desconocida.     

Analysis of Growth and Productivity of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) in Relation to FYM, Nitrogen and Source of Fertilizer

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1992–93 and 1993–94 at Anand to study the effect of FYM, nitrogen and source of fertilizer on growth and yield of mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson]. The results showed significant variation in leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), dry matter production and seed yield. The direct effect of farmyard manure (FYM) was conspicuous in improving the growth of mustard. FYM application at 10 tonnes ha⁻¹ significantly increased the LAI, CGR and dry matter accumulation per plant at almost all the stages during first year study (1992–93) and in pooled analysis. Similarly, nitrogen application registered maximum LAI, CGR at 75 kg level and RGR and NAR at 50 kg level at almost all the during both years. Sulphur carrying source (Ammonium sulphate plus single super phosphate) increased all stages growth characters. Maximum dry matter accumulation per plant and seed yield were recorded with highest levels of FYM (20 tonnes ha⁻¹), N (75 kg ha⁻¹) and source having S. Seed yield was strongly associated with LAI and dry matter accumulation per plant at all the stages.     

玉米小斑病抗性种质鉴定及生理生化分析

以200份玉米优良自交系为材料,2022-2023年夏分别进行小斑病菌的田间接种,综合两年数据共鉴定出高抗小斑病的玉米自交系3份,分别为K22、CML50和齐319;筛选到包括Mo17在内的抗性玉米自交系24份。选取K22和B73两个具有不同抗性水平的玉米自交系进行小斑病菌的室内接种。结果表明,48 h和72 h时,自交系K22叶片的病斑数、病斑面积和病斑面积比等各项指标均显著优于自交系B73,进一步验证田间鉴定的准确性。48 h或72 h时,高抗小斑病自交系K22与感病对照B73相比,5种防御酶活性增加14.32%～70.45%。     

不同叶面肥对柑橘果实品质及产量的影响

探明不同种类叶面肥对柑橘果实品质及产量的影响,为柑橘提质增效提供理论依据。以柑橘品种“宫川”为试材,设置喷施清水（CK）、磷酸二氢钾（T1）、奇茵（T2）及欧甘（T3）4个处理,比较分析各处理对柑橘果实品质及产量的影响。结果表明,不同水溶肥对果实的单果重、纵径、横径及净重差异不显著。喷施叶面肥后,T1、T2、T3的可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量比CK有所增加,但差异不显著。T2的可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量最高,分别为9.39%、0.75%,显著高于CK,可溶性固形物含量比CK提高了14.93%,可滴定酸含量比CK提高了19.05%。T2、T3、T1处理的单株挂果数分别比CK高31.59%、16.28%、4.46%;T2、T3、T1处理的每公顷产量分别比CK高12.96%、6.57%、3.00%。结论：喷施叶面肥能提高柑橘果实品质和产量,T2的综合效果更好。     

不同烤烟品种烟叶质量对比分析研究

采用田间随机区组试验设计方法结合数学统计分析方法,研究“云烟97”、“云烟121”、“秦烟96”、“NC71”4个烤烟品种烟叶产质量。结果表明：云烟121烟株农艺性状、烟叶外观质量、烟叶化学成分含量最好;4个烤烟品种各等级烟叶总氮含量偏低,总糖、还原糖含量均偏高,烟碱、氯、钾均在优质烟叶适宜范围。     

不同药剂对水稻细菌性条斑病的防治效果评价

为有效控制水稻细菌性条斑病病害,科学合理选用防治正安县地区水稻菌性条斑病的杀菌剂,本研究以当地主要栽培水稻品种“宜香优2115”为试验材料,测定了60%唑醚·代森联、6%春雷霉素、20%吡唑醚菌酯、40%稻瘟灵对水稻菌性条斑病防治效果及生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明:不同药剂防治下水稻细菌性条斑病病情指数和防治效果间存在差异性显著(p＜0.05),20%吡唑醚菌酯对水稻细菌性条斑病的病情指数最低和防治效果最优;较喷施清水对照处理相比,60%唑醚·代森联、6%春雷霉素、20%吡唑醚菌酯和40%稻瘟灵施用时水稻叶面积指数和干物质积累量增幅分别为10.29%、13.48%、15.17%、12.92%和15.15%、16.77%、18.92%、17.31%;20%吡唑醚菌酯施用时的水稻穗粒数和产量最高,分别为61.76穗/粒和627.75kg/亩。本研究可为遵义市正安县地区水稻生产中细菌性条斑病的防治提供理论依据和数据支撑     

复方黄芪颗粒防治鸡传染性法氏囊病的疗效试验

应用复方黄芪颗粒对鸡传染性法氏囊炎病毒人工感染病例进行试验,结果表明,有效率达到80%~92%,治愈率达到68%~76%,均高于对照药物,差异极显著(P<0.01)。推荐剂量为每升饮水中加入1g复方黄芪颗粒,连用5 d。     

安徽省北部地区猪高热病流行病学调查

2008年7月,安徽省北部地区生猪出现疫病,表现为不食、高热等特征,为查明病因,进行流行病学调查,同时采集发病猪群样品进行病原学和血清学检测。结果137份血清样品中,HPRRSV、PRRSV、PPV带毒率分别为25.5%、23.4%、37.9%;PRRSV、SIV(H1N1、H3N2)抗体阳性率分别为86.5%、9.49%和3.65%,仔猪CSFV抗体免疫合格率为50%;6份组织样品中HPRRSV、PRRSV、CSFV、PRV、PPV带毒率分别为50%、100%、66.7%、33.3%、33.3%。表明引起本次猪病为PRRSV、CSFV、PPV等多种病原体混合感染。     

Leaf stoichiometry of Leontopodium lentopodioides at high altitudes on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China

Altitude affects leaf stoichiometry by regulating temperature and precipitation, and influencing soil properties in mountain ecosystems. Leaf carbon concentration(C), leaf nitrogen concentration(N),leaf phosphorous concentration(P), and their stoichiometric ratios of Leontopodium lentopodioides(Willd.)Beauv., a widespread species in degraded grasslands, were investigated to explore its response and adaptation strategy to environmental changes along four altitude gradients(2500, 3000, 3500, and 3...