南方地区中国荷斯坦牛乳中体细胞数变化规律的研究

采用最小二乘法分析了南方地区某奶业集团2006年7个牛场2 063头中国荷斯坦牛22 377次乳中体细胞数(SCC)测定日记录,以揭示SCC的变化规律.结果表明乳中SCC为459.49×103士924.66×103个/mL,不同牛场、月份、泌乳月和胎次对乳中体细胞数的影响均达到极显著水平(P＜0.01),而产犊季节对乳中SCC的影响未达到显著水平(P＞0.05).SCC随着胎次和泌乳月的增加有升高的趋势.     

冬季黄、东海水文状况及其变化

IntroductionThe China Sea is divided into four sea regions(Fig.1) :the Bohai Sea(BS) ,the Yellow Sea(YS) ,theEast China Sea(ECS) and South China Sea(SCS) .The Bohai Sea,the Yellow Sea and the shelf of the EastChina Sea together form a broad epicontinental Sea.The average depth of Bohai Sea is18m and that of Yellow Sea is4 4m.Together,the Bohai Sea and Yel-low Sea form a gulf opening to the ECS.A shallow trough runs through the gulf and can be traced south tothe northern end o…     

基于GIS的地统计学方法在土壤科学中的应用

地统计学应用于土壤科学中,并结合GIS(Geographic Information System,GIS)技术探索其空间分布特征及其变异规律已为越来越多的学者所推崇。半方差函数提供了一个定量工具,可以将土壤某一性质的变异与成土因子和成土过程联系起来,使人们加深对土壤的作用后果的理解,而克立格可以对未采样区的区域化变量的取值进行无偏最优估计。通过介绍基于GIS的地统计学方法在土壤水盐空间变异、养分空间分布特征、重金属污染调查等方面的研究,进一步说明了地统计学在未来土壤科学发展中广阔的应用前景。     

中国大豆栽培和野生资源脂肪性状的变异特点研究

【目的】分析中国大豆栽培和野生种质资源脂肪及脂肪酸组分含量（本文简称脂肪性状）的变异特点,筛选优异种质,为不同生态区域大豆脂肪性状育种提供材料和依据。【方法】从中国全国各大豆生态区抽取代表性的栽培和野生材料进行田间试验,测定脂肪性状,进行各性状变异特点分析,并应用多元变异指数、聚类和主成分法分析中国和各生态区大豆脂肪性状的综合变异。【结果】（1）中国栽培大豆脂肪平均含量为17.21%,比野生种提高6.22%;油酸平均含量为23.25%,提高7.75%;亚麻酸平均含量为8.00%,减低4.23%;亚油酸平均含量为53.53%,减低2.57%;但栽培种的变异小于野生种;不同生态区均有此同一趋势。栽培大豆和野生大豆的饱和脂肪酸含量在全国和各区差异均不大。（2）中国野生群体及各生态区群体脂肪性状的多元变异度均大于相应的栽培种,长期人工选择使栽培种的变异相对减小,但多元变异方向相对较宽。（3）栽培种脂肪含量与来源地纬度呈极显著正相关,而野生种未见相关,推论栽培种脂肪含量与纬度的相关主要应是人工选择的结果。（4）筛选得到高脂肪、高油酸、高亚油酸、低亚麻酸的优良材料,其中N23547和N23697为兼具高脂肪（＞23%）、高油酸（＞30%）、低亚麻酸含量（5%左右）的优异资源。【结论】栽培大豆脂肪、油酸平均含量显著高于野生种,亚麻酸平均含量显著低于野生种,亚油酸平均含量略低于野生种,饱和脂肪酸平均含量与野生种差异不大。脂肪性状在各个生态区域内均存在丰富的变异,区域间的变异并不比区域内大。栽培种脂肪含量与纬度的相关主要是人工选择的结果。筛选出一批优异种质。     

Sur un cas de variabilité chez Sphaeropsis sapinea

A case of variability in Sphaero sis sapinea . Two isolates (type I and type II) of Sphaeropsis sqinea were isolated from the co lar of a declining Cedrus deo daa in the South of France. Cultural characteristics on PDA and MEA as well as conidial dimensions were compared with those of types A and B of S. sapinea described to occur in North America. Type II was similar to type A in respect to cultural aspects and growth but distinctly different in conidial dimensions. Slower growing type I was similar to type B. However, type I grew faster on PDA, had smaller conidia and lacked microconidia. Single-conidia isolates obtained from the four types showed stability of these characteristics.     

陕西省小麦品种粉质特性的研究

研究了三类小麦材料粉质特性各参数间、地点间和年际间的变异特点以及各参数间的关系,结果表明:各粉质参数在品种间、地点间和年际间的变异大小都是形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和粉质质量数等远大于评价值,而评价值又远大于吸水率;同一参数在不同品种间的变异大小也不尽相同;各品种的不同参数虽在年际间、地点间均有较大的变异系数,但并未达到显著水平;大部分参数间的相关和回归系数均达到极显著水平。说明粉质性状主要由遗传因素决定,外因只起修饰性作用,大部分参数之间可以较可靠地相互预测。     

Comparison of Single,Averaged, and Pooled Urine Protein:Creatinine Ratios in Proteinuric Dogs Undergoing Medical Treatment

Background

Monitoring urine protein:creatinine ratios (UPC ) in dogs with protein‐losing nephropathy (PLN ) is challenging because of day‐to‐day variation in UPC results.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Determine whether single, averaged, or pooled samples from PLN dogs receiving medical treatment yield comparable UPC s, regardless of degree of proteinuria.

Animals

Twenty‐five client‐owned PLN dogs receiving medical treatment.

Methods

UPC ratios were prospectively measured in each dog utilizing 3 methods: single in‐hospital sample (day 3), average sample (days 1–3), and pooled sample (equal pooling of urine from days 1–3). Bland‐Altman analysis was performed to evaluate agreement between methods for all dogs, as well as in subgroups of dogs (UPC ≤4 or UPC >4).

Results

For all dogs, Bland‐Altman log‐transformed 95% limits of agreement were ?0.07–0.18 (single versus pooled UPC ), ?0.06–0.16 (single versus average UPC ), and ?0.06–0.04 (pooled versus average UPC ). For dogs with UPC ≤4, Bland‐Altman 95% limits of agreement were ?0.42–0.82 (single versus pooled UPC ), ?0.38–0.76 (single versus average UPC ), and ?0.27–0.25 (pooled versus average UPC ). For dogs with UPC >4, Bland‐Altman 95% limits of agreement were ?0.17–2.4 (single versus pooled UPC ), ?0.40–2.2 (single versus average UPC ), and ?0.85–0.43 (pooled versus average UPC ).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

UPC ratios from all methods were comparable in PLN dogs receiving medical treatment. In PLN dogs with UPC >4, more variability between methods exists likely because of higher in‐hospital results, but whether this finding is clinically relevant is unknown.

     

Physiological,morphological, chemical and genomic diversities of different origins of thyme (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Thymus vulgaris</Emphasis> L.)

For the selection of donors with valuable characteristics for breeding, 39 thyme accessions were evaluated in three years according to a staggered schedule. The criteria investigated were: winter hardiness, beginning of flowering, growth height, yield of the dry herb, content of essential oil, composition of the essential oil, DNA content of cell nuclei and number of chromosomes. The most strongly varying traits between the populations were the yield of dry herb, the content of essential oil and the content of volatile phenols with coefficients of variation (CV) between CV 40% and 50%. The largest variation within a population was detected for the yield of dry herb (CV 25–46%) and the content of essential oil (CV 17–48%). The homogeneity of the populations was different. The minimal average coefficient of variation of all traits (CV 19%) was determined in the population of the cultivar ‘Varico II’ and in a population from Lithuania. The ploidy level of T. vulgaris was diploid (2n = 30).     

Genetic variation of the durum wheat landrace Haurani from different agro-ecological regions

The durum wheat landrace Haurani (Triticum durum Desf.) is grown under contrasting climatic regions of Syria from Deir Ezzor, in the North-East (230 m altitude, 150 mm mean annual rainfall), to Qunaytra, in the South-West (1060 m altitude, 825 mm mean annual rainfall). In order to assess the genetic variation between and within Haurani populations, samples from eight provinces of Syria (Daraa, Damascus, Qunaytra, Deir Ezzor, Hassakeh, Aleppo, Homs and Hama) were analysed by RFLPs and seed storage proteins of glutenin subunits as markers. The analyses showed the presence of genetic polymorphisms in all populations with the highest values in those from Homs and Hassakeh. Moreover, the results point out differences in genetic distances between populations; some populations were further apart, such as Damascus and Aleppo, whereas others were closer to each other, for instance Homs and Hama. Cluster analysis identified two distinct groups of populations, characterized by geographical proximity, with similar rainfall and altitude. It is suggested that the similarity of landraces at locations close to each other might be the result of more frequent seed exchanges between farmers or of gene flow due to 5% estimated outcross rate of Haurani.     

田间土壤特性的空间相关结构分析及其分布描述

本文对雄县试区试验田的土壤特性空间变异性进行经典统计分析，并利用地质统计学半方差分析法定量描述土壤特性的空间相关结构，然后使用Ｋｒｉｇｉｎｇ最优内插估值法得到了田间土壤特性参数的空间分布等值图。分析结果表明，该试验田０～１００ｃｍ土壤范围内的平均含水量不仅在整个空间分布上而且在纵横曲型剖面上都呈现出弱变异性，空间相关结构显著，相关距离约６０～８０ｍ。采用上述结论和等值图不但能减少样本采样的数量和密度，还能根据田间含水量的空间分布特征合理布点采样，实施土壤墒情的科学监测。