吡喹酮和硝硫氰醚对日本血吸虫体内5-HT含量的影响

本文研究了吡喹酮和硝硫氰醚与日本血吸虫拟似神经递质 5-羟色胺间的关系。以吡喹酮 ( 5× 1 0 - 7mol/ L和 5× 1 0 - 8mol/ L )、硝硫氰醚 ( 1 0 - 4mol/ L和 1 0 - 5mol/ L )分别培养日本血吸虫成虫 4h和 8h ,反相离子对高效液相法测定其体内 5-HT的含量变化。结果显示 :吡喹酮和硝硫氰醚对日本血吸虫体内 5-HT等含量的影响与对照相比均无显著性差异。表明二者抗虫作用似不通过影响虫体 5-HT的生物合成和降解。     

Changes in the glutathione thiol-disulfide status in wheat grain by foliar sulphur fertilization: consequences for the rheological properties of dough

Storage proteins and glutathione in wheat play an important role in gluten network formation and can be modified by supplementation of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) in wheat plants. The glutathione thiol-disulfide status and its relationship to the molecular weight distribution wheat polymeric protein and dough rheological properties have been examined after different foliar S fertilizations (S derived from micronized elemental S and NS, a mixture of N urea and elemental S) applied at the post-anthesis stage. Changes in levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), polymeric protein-glutathione mixed disulfide (PPSSG) were analysed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, during grain development using the wheat cultivars, Soissons and Trémie. During the grain desiccation phase, S supplementation (i) increased the GSSG/GSH ratio by 23–25% (ii) induced PPSSG accumulation, and (iii) decreased the formation of SDS-unextractable polymeric protein (UPP) and its molecular mass distribution. However, simultaneous N and S supplementation results in: (i) a decrease in PPSSG formation by 20–30% and (ii) an increase of UPP by 7–18% by enhancing both the branching of the aggregated proteins and their molecular weight. The mixograph parameters show that all forms of endogenous glutathione are linked to dough weakening and are negatively correlated with dough mixing tolerance, dough strength and consistency, while UPP is positively correlated with dough strength and consistency. These findings indicate that S nutrition influences dynamics of the glutathione forms in the grain and results in modification the degree of polymerization of storage protein. Thus both the changes in the form of glutathione and protein polymerization influence the rheological properties of dough.     

Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of a phi-type glutathione S-transferase from Oryza sativa

The structural gene for glutathione S-transferase in Oryza sativa was successfully cloned from a cDNA library by the polymerase chain reaction method. The deduced amino acid sequence of this gene showed 44-66% similarity to the sequences of the class phi GSTs from Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays. This gene was expressed in Escherichia coli with the pET vector system and the gene product was purified to homogeneity by GSH-Sepharose affinity column chromatography. The expressed OsGSTF3-3 was a homo-dimer composed of 24 kDa subunit and its pI value was approximately 7.3. The OsGSTF3-3 was retained on GSH affinity column and its K_m value for GSH was 0.28 mM. The OsGSTF3-3 displayed high activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, a general GST substrate and also had high activities towards acetanilide herbicides, alachlor, and metolachlor. The OsGSTF3-3 was highly sensitive to inhibition by benastatin A and S-hexyl-GSH. From these results, the expressed OsGSTF3-3 is a phi class GST and seems to play an important role in the conjugation of the chloroacetanilide herbicides.     

Se-containing spirulina phycocyanin attenuated liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice

AIM:To investigate the effect of Se-containing spirulina phycocyanin (Se-SPC) on liver injury of mice induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). METHODS:The mouse model was conducted by intragastric feeding with 2% CCl₄ oil for three times, meanwhile Se-SPC, spirulina phycocyanin (SPC) and Na₂SeO₃ were injected (ip) to various groups for 7 days. Then selenium (Se), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondiaoldehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in blood and liver were measured. RESULTS:The level of Se,GPx and SOD activities were obviously higher(P<0.05)but ALT activity,MDA and NO₂^-/NO₃^- levels were remarkably lower(P<0.05)in Se-SPC treated groups than those in CCl₄ groups,and effects of high dose Se-SPC on Se,GPx,MDA and NO₂^-/NO₃^- were even more significant(P<0.01).Under the same dose of Se or protein,effects of all selected targets in Se-SPC groups were more efficient than those in SPC groups and inorganic-Se groups.Furthermore,Se levels had a positive correlation with GPx activity(r=01705),which had negative correlation with levels of MDA,NO₂^-/NO₃^- and ALT(r=-0.629,r=-0.336,r=-0.457,respectively), and positive correlations between ALT activity and MDA or NO₂^-/NO₃^- level were found (r=0.519,r=0.641). CONCLUSION:These results indicated that Se-SPC may attenuate liver injury of mice induced by CCl₄ through its anti-inflammatory action and enhancing selenoenzyme expression.     

Effect of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid and 2,4-dimethylphenol on human erythrocytes

The effects of exposure of human erythrocytes to different concentrations of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) and its metabolite—2,4-dimethylphenol (2,4-DMP) were studied. The investigations concerned mainly the content of glutathione (GSH and GSSG), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione transferase (GST), and the level of adenine energy charge (AEC). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide are produced during normal processes in the cell. Under normal conditions, antioxidant systems of the cell minimize damage caused by ROS. When ROS generation increases to an extent that it overcomes the cellular antioxidant systems, the result is oxidative stress. We observed that MCPA and 2,4-DMP decreased the level of GSH in erythrocytes in comparison with control. MCPA did not affect glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase activity, while 2,4-DMP increased their activity. 2,4-DMP decreased the level of ATP and increased the content of ADP and AMP, leading to the fall of the level of AEC. MCPA and 2,4-DMP transform hemoglobin into methemoglobin, thus preventing oxygen transport. Comparison of the toxicity of MCPA and 2,4-DMP revealed that the most prominent changes occurred in human erythrocytes incubated with 2,4-DMP.     

氨氮胁迫对四鼻须鲤鱼肝脏GST酶活力的影响

实验采用生态毒理学方法,以NH4Cl为实验药物,设置0、50、150和250mg/L实验浓度。通过对野生和养殖群体的四鼻须鲤鱼氨氮对肝脏谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶（GST）活力的影响,比较两个群体抗氨氮能力。结果表明：在相同的氨氮浓度和胁迫时间下,四鼻须鲤鱼养殖群体GST酶活力的变化趋势与野生群体大致相同。除250mg/L浓度组在胁迫5d和10d时,野生群体酶活性略低于养殖群体外,在其余时间点的野生群体酶活性均高于养殖群体,而且,在高浓度氨氮胁迫下,野生群体肝脏的GST酶活性达到峰值的时间比养殖群体更短,显示出较强的抗氨氮能力。     

土耳其斯坦裂体吸虫23kDa蛋白基因的序列分析及抗原表位预测

为研究土耳其斯坦裂体吸虫23 kDa蛋白的生物学特性,以土耳其斯坦裂体吸虫cDNA为模版,利用PCR对23 kDa基因进行扩增,并将其克隆到T-easy载体后进行序列测定。利用生物信息学对其结构、抗原指数进行分析,并对其抗原表位进行预测。序列分析结果表明,该虫体的23 kDa基因长度为657 bp,A+T含量为57.38%,与曼氏血吸虫、埃及血吸虫和日本血吸虫的23 kDa基因的相似性分别为85.24%、83.71%和81.89%。蛋白二级结构分析表明,23 kDa蛋白经过4次跨膜,主要由6个α-螺旋、3个β-折叠、7个β转角和若干个无规则卷曲构成。抗原表位预测结果表明,该蛋白有3个B细胞抗原表位。综合分析土耳其斯坦裂体吸虫23 kDa蛋白是一种较好的抗原分子,是土耳其斯坦裂体吸虫疫苗的重要候选分子。     

玉米逆境响应基因ZmGST23克隆和表达分析

谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(glutathione S-transferases,GSTs)是植物抗氧化系统的重要成员,在初生代谢、次生代谢、细胞信号转导及逆境响应等生物学过程中发挥着重要作用.本研究以GenBank中公布的玉米谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶23基因(ZmGST23)mRNA序列(GenBank登录号:NM_001111524)为依据,采用RT-PCR方法从玉米(Zea mays)自交系F83中克隆得到ZmGST23基因669 bp的完整开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF),编码222个氨基酸,蛋白分子量为24.84kD,理论等电点为5.68.保守结构域分析表明,该基因具有GSTs所特有的N端及C端结构域,并含有典型的G位点及H位点,属于Tau类谷胱甘肽硫转移酶.系统进化分析表明,ZmGST23编码蛋白与高粱(Sorghum bieolor)GST蛋白亲缘关系最近,且在不同物种间存在明显的种属特性.启动子序列分析结果显示,ZmGST23基因启动子区含有多个响应逆境及植物激素的作用元件,包括脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)响应元件、生长素(auxin,IAA)响应元件、赤霉素(gibberellin,GA)响应元件、厌氧响应元件、防御及逆境响应元件以及干旱诱导的MYB转录因子(v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog,MYB)结合位点.胁迫诱导表达分析表明,ZmGST23的表达显著受干旱脱水、水涝、盐、ABA、IAA、GA、低温及高温等非生物胁迫的诱导.组织特异性表达分析表明,ZmGST23基因在幼芽和成熟叶片中表达量较高,在幼根、花丝、苞叶、雌穗及雄穗中表达量较低,存在明显的组织特异性.将ZmGST23基因片段连接至原核表达载体pEASY-E1中,转化大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21,用0.5 mmol/L的异丙基硫代半乳糖苷(isopropylβ3-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside,IPTG)诱导表达1～4 h后获得30 kD的诱导蛋白.本研究结果为进一步利用该基因进行玉米抗性改良提供了一定的理论依据.     

植物谷胱甘肽应答非生物胁迫的分子机制

谷胱甘肽(GSH)是一种普遍存在于植物中的抗氧化剂,在维持组织抗氧化防御和调节氧化还原敏感信号转导中起着关键作用。深入研究GSH在非生物胁迫中的作用,对从分子水平揭示植物GSH积累的调控机制具有重要意义。本研究从植物GSH代谢途径及其相关酶、GSH在植物应激反应中的调节、GSH参与植物激素代谢等方面进行综述,并对谷胱甘肽在植物生长发育、与其它信号通路间交互作用的研究前景进行展望,以期为植物谷胱甘肽代谢以及其在非生物胁迫方面的研究提供一定的理论参考。     

贮前外源水杨酸处理对桃果冷贮性的影响

选择商品成熟期的桃(PrunuspersicaL.cv.Beijing24),采摘后分别用0、0.35、0.7、1.0mmol/L水杨酸(Salicylicacid,SA)溶液浸泡5min,在0℃的低温下贮藏28d,然后转到20℃下3d(模拟货架期)。货架期结束时,观察果实冷害和腐烂发生状况并计算果实冷害指数和腐烂指数,测定果实的硬度和丙二醛含量。结果表明,与对照相比,1mmol/LSA处理对维持果实硬度具有显著的效果,同时显著降低了冷害指数、腐烂指数和丙二醛含量,其他两种浓度的SA处理与对照之间不存在显著差异。说明1mmol/LSA能够减轻桃果的冷害。进一步研究发现,在冷藏中期(14d)、冷藏结束时(28d)和货架期结束时,1mmol/LSA预处理的桃果肉的还原性抗坏血酸与氧化性抗坏血酸含量之比(AsA/DHAsA)分别比对照高39%,61%和55%。在冷藏中期(14d),还原性谷胱甘肽与氧化性谷胱甘肽含量之比(GSH/GSSG)比对照高68%。在贮藏和货架期结束时,抗坏血酸氧化酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性显著高于对照。上述结果说明,水杨酸能减轻桃果由于冷贮发生的冷害与诱导提高抗氧化系统抗抗坏血酸—谷胱甘肽循环的活性有关,适宜浓度的水杨酸处理可能是提高桃果实冷藏性的有效措施。