入侵害虫芒果壮铗普瘿蚊对5种芒果挥发物的电生理反应和行为选择

芒果壮铗普瘿蚊（Procontarinia robusta）是我国外来危险性入侵害虫,坚硬的瘿壳导致药剂防治困难。植食性昆虫主要通过触角接收植物挥发物选择寄主,本研究采用触角电位联用仪（EAG）和“Y”型嗅觉仪观察瘿蚊成虫对芒果叶片挥发物成分（α-蒎烯、3-莰烯、α-石竹烯、异松油烯、乙酸乙酯）的电生理反应和行为选择,结果显示：EAG反应值大小排序依次为α-蒎烯>3-莰烯>α-石竹烯>异松油烯>乙酸乙酯,α-蒎烯处理组显著高于其他挥发物。虽然雌虫对于α-蒎烯、3-莰烯、α-石竹烯3种物质的EAG反应值比雄虫的高,但是雌雄之间对同一挥发物差异不显著（P<0.05）。行为选择结果显示：对瘿蚊吸引率高低依次为：3-莰烯>乙酸乙酯>α-石竹烯>α-蒎烯>异松油烯;3-莰烯对瘿蚊的吸引率最高,达到74.20%,显著高于α-蒎烯和异松油烯,乙酸乙酯吸引率次之,达到66.07%;异松油酯的趋避性最高,达到74.25%,显著高于其他挥发物。实验中也显示浓度阈值现象,α-蒎烯在浓度0.5 mL/L和1 mL/L浓度范围内有显著的趋避效果,在高于或低于此范围内的其他浓度引诱率和趋避率差异不显著。α-石竹烯高浓度（1.0 mL/L and 2.0 mL/L）对芒果壮铗普瘿蚊有显著引诱作用,3-莰烯和α-石竹烯处理组随着浓度的升高对瘿蚊的引诱率增加。研究结果为阐释瘿蚊入侵机理提供理论依据,为开发引诱剂或趋避剂提供技术支撑。     

卵黄和低密度脂蛋白对冷冻保存绵羊精子胆固醇、磷脂含量的影响

为了探索绵羊冷冻精液受精率低的原因,在稀释液中用低密度脂蛋白代替卵黄冷冻绵羊精液,研究LDL对冷冻中精子脂类含量的影响。结果表明,以卵黄稀释液冷冻精液,精子胆固醇含量从鲜精的234．54nmol／10^9降低到163．76nmol／10^9精子,胆固醇与磷脂的比值（c／p）从0．54下降到0．36;以9g／100mL LDL代替卵黄,冷冻后胆固醇含量为243．73nmol／10^9精子,c／p值保持在0．50。研究得出在卵黄稀释液中冷冻绵羊精液,精子胆固醇流失,c／p值下降;以LDL代替卵黄,可有效保护精子胆固醇,避免流失,维持了精子c／p值。     

中国龙虾食物变态反应BALB/c鼠模型的建立（英文）

[目的]通过腹腔注射的致敏方式建立中国龙虾食物变态反应Balb/c小鼠模型,探讨中国龙虾食物变态反应体外鉴定与评价方法。[方法]将40只雄性Balb/c小鼠分为卵清蛋白（OVA）阳性对照组、Coca’s液阴性对照组、空白对照组和模型组,以OVA、中国龙虾粗提蛋白,加氢氧化铝佐剂腹腔注射免疫Balb/c小鼠,建立食物变态反应小鼠模型。ELISA法测定第二次致敏激发后血清中IgE与组胺水平并进行被动皮肤过敏试验（PCA）确定特异性IgE抗体滴度,同时观察脾指数、小肠组织学变化及激发后的食物变态反应症状。[结果]末次激发后1 h采血,中国龙虾粗提蛋白组血清IgE含量为236.75（±73.39）μg/L,与阳性对照OVA组无区别,与阴性对照Coca’s液组和正常对照组相比显著升高（P〈0.01）;中国龙虾粗提蛋白组的组胺含量406.55（±232.79）μg/L与正常对照组相比显著升高（P〈0.01）;PCA反应中国龙虾粗提蛋白组血清特异性IgE抗体滴度达到1/16;中国龙虾粗提蛋白组和OVA致敏组小鼠脾指数明显大于Coca’s液或正常对照组（P〈0.01）且前两组小肠粘膜固有层皆出现淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞等炎性细胞浸润。[结论]建立了一种中国龙虾食物变态反应小鼠模型,通过ELISA测定血清IgE和组胺以及PCA确定特异性IgE抗体滴度可作为一种鉴定与评价中国龙虾食物变态反应的方法。     

Molecular characterization of Ascaridia galli from Bangladesh and development of a PCR method for distinguishing A. galli from Heterakis spp.

We analyzed the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and ITS2 sequences for Bangladesh isolates of Ascaridia galli, and we determined that the sequences were unreliable as molecular markers for distinguishing A. galli from other Ascaridia species, because the sequences showed high identity with that of A. columbae. However, the ITS1 sequences were available for designing PCR primers distinguishable between Ascaridia galli and Heterakis spp. Bangladesh isolates of A. galli constituted a monophyletic clade along with other geographical isolates in the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) phylogenetic tree, however, we could not clarify the phylogenetic relationships between A. galli and other Ascaridia spp., because their available sequences in GenBank were very few. The developed PCR method using DNA from A. galli and Heterakis spp. eggs would enable differential diagnosis of the individual infections in the future.     

Mineralization of Organic Nitrogen in Soils with Contrasting Fertility Was Regulated Differently by Addition of Biochar and Animal Manures

ABSTRACT

How to restore the soil fertility and productivity in a damaged and then reclaimed area with extremely low fertility is a big concern worldwide. To explore the method of soil restoration in the coal mining subsidence area, the effects of biochar application coupled with organic fertilizer (animal manures) on the process of organic nitrogen (N) mineralization were studied in a 149 days leaching experiment. Biochar were applied (wt/wt) at the rates of 0%, 1%, and 3%. Two organic fertilizers with different C/N ratio (chicken and sheep manures) were applied at the rate of 200 mg N·kg^?1 soil. A vegetable soil with high-fertility was used as the comparison. The results showed that when treated with chicken manure, the reclaimed soil had 11.13% lower mineralization potential and 20.00% lower inorganic nitrogen production from mineralization than the vegetable soil. Compared with the non-biochar treatment, biochar at both application rates decreased N leaching in chicken manure-treated reclaimed soil, i.e., by 21.49% (1% biochar) and 28.31% (3% biochar), respectively, whereas only high rate of biochar application decreased N leaching in chicken manure-treated vegetable soil by 8.10%. However, N leaching in sheep manure-treated reclaimed soil was unaffected by the biochar application. Thus, the effect of the biochar on the organic nitrogen mineralization was affected by both soil and organic fertilizer type.     

Use of differently enriched rotifers,Brachionus plicatilis,during larviculture of haddock,Melanogrammus aeglefinus: effects on early growth,survival and body lipid composition

We evaluated the effects of enriched rotifers on growth, survival and on the lipid composition of haddock larvae. The treatments tested were (1) AlgaMac 2000^®, (2) AquaGrow^® Advantage and (3) Pavlova sp. paste and AlgaMac 2000^®. The treatments did not influence larval growth rate throughout the experimental period (P = 0.70). Larvae from all treatments grew approximately 8% of their dry weight per day between 1 and 29 days post hatch (dph). Treatment 3 resulted in the best survival, estimated to be 3 on a scale from 0 to 5, whereas for the two other groups the survival estimates were 0 and 2. Rotifers from treatment 1 had low sterol concentrations, high eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio and their feeding resulted in high larval mortality. Rotifers enriched with Pavlova sp. had the lowest proportions of the sum of saturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid and sum of ω3 and the highest proportions of the sum of monounsaturated fatty acids (ΣMUFA). This was partially reflected in larvae from treatment 3 in that they had the highest proportions of ΣMUFA and the lowest proportions of Σω3 (P < 0.0001 for both analyses). In addition, these larvae had the highest and lowest ΣC₂₀ and ΣC₂₂ polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) respectively (P < 0.0001 for both analyses). We suggest that more research with ω3 and ω6 PUFA can lead to improvements in the rearing of haddock larvae produced in hatcheries.     

农杆菌介导法获得大量转双价抗虫基因水稻植株

构建含Bt杀虫基因cryIA(c)和豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因CpTI的双价抗虫转基因载体PCAM-Bt-CpTI，并用于农杆菌（Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导法对粳稻品系“浙大19”遗传转化，约2000块盾片愈伤组织与农杆菌共培养后，得到了约1300块潮霉素抗性愈伤，从中分化抗性再生苗约1500株，对不同抗性愈伤来源的70个T0代再生株进行PCR及PCR-Southern检测，62株为转cryLA(c)和CpTI双价抗虫基因植株，阳性植株比例为88.6%，抗虫鉴定表明，3个转基因T1代株系对二化螟有很高的毒性。     

Metabarcoding of feces and intestinal contents to determine carnivorous diets in red-crowned cranes in eastern Hokkaido,Japan

The red-crowned crane Grus japonensis in Hokkaido, Japan forms a closed population as a residence that is independent of the mainland population. Based on observations of a limited number of individuals as well as cranes in captivity, red-crowned cranes are omnivores and eat fish, worms, insects and plants in their own territories except in winter, when they are fed with dent corn that is supplied in eastern Hokkaido. DNA metabarcoding based on high throughput sequencing was carried out using universal primer sets for cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. Feces from 27 chicks collected in June and July in the period from 2016 to 2018 and intestinal contents from 33 adult and subadult cranes that were found dead almost throughout year in 2006–2013 in the field in eastern Hokkaido were used. Although compositions varied considerably in the cranes, both insects and fish were found in adults and subadults to the same extents, while insects were predominant in chicks. Both insects and fish were detected in all seasons for adults and subadults. Horse flies, scarab beetles and weevils accounted for the most of the insects regardless of the life stage. Dace, stickleback, flatfish and sculpin were the major fish species in adults, while chicks ate almost only stickleback. The results provide the first comprehensive data on carnivorous diets in wild red-crowned cranes in eastern Hokkaido as basis for conservation of red-crowned cranes, for which the life style and area continue to change.     

拟南芥VHA-c基因在非生物胁迫响应中的作用

利用RT-PCR技术检测VHA-c基因对高盐、水和ABA胁迫的响应,结果表明所有的VHA-c基因都参与了V-ATPase的抗盐胁迫反应;在响应水胁迫的反应中VHA-c2、VHA-c4和VHA-c5基因的表达量增加;在ABA胁迫反应中VHA-c1,VHA-c2,VHA-c3和VHA-c4基因的表达水平均提高,但是VHA-c1和VHA-c3基因只在早期的ABA胁迫中增加其表达量。