污水污物潜水旋流泵性能及设计方法试验研究

对影响潜水旋流泵性能的6个主要过流件几何参数进行了试验研究，初步掌握了旋流泵叶轮及泵体主要几何尺寸对性能影响的规律。在分析16种优秀水力模型的基础上，计算出叶轮D2及b2函数回归方程式，并用设计实例进行检验，样机效率比国内外同类产品提高3％左右。     

电控喷油器流量性能检测试验装置

设计的电控喷油器性能测试装置,可有效检测喷油器的主要性能指标,为提高发动机燃油动力性、经济性以及降低排放提供了技术支持。检测试验证明,该测试装置具有效率快、精度高、性能稳定的特点,具有实际应用价值。     

小麦秸秆还田机粉碎装置性能影响因素试验与优化

利用设计的秸秆还田机粉碎装置进行了粉碎试验。以壳体包角、喂入速度、动定刀间隙为试验因素,秸秆的粉碎质量、粉碎功耗为试验指标,建立了粉碎质量和粉碎功耗的数学模型。随着喂入速度、壳体包角的增加和动定刀间隙的减小,粉碎功耗增大,粉碎质量提高。利用回归方程和主目标法,进行了参数的优化设计,结果为:粉碎室包角为70°、喂入速度为46.5m/s、动定刀间隙为10mm。     

富硒绞股蓝功能性茶冻的研制

绞股蓝是一种药食同源的草本植物,被誉为“南方人参”,兼备了较高的营养价值与药用价值,具有清热解毒、调节血糖血脂、改善记忆力、抗动脉硬化、抗心肌梗塞、预防癌症等功效。然而,目前绞股蓝相关产品仍以绞股蓝茶为主,存在味苦、浮沫多的弊端,成为绞股蓝推广销售的主要瓶颈问题。本论文以陕西安康所产富硒超微绞股蓝茶粉为主要原料,以魔芋葡甘聚糖、黄原胶、甜味剂等为辅料,以感官评价为主要指标,利用正交试验与Box-Benhnken设计-响应面法筛选出最优的富硒绞股蓝功能性茶冻配方工艺。相较于传统绞股蓝茶,所得产品(1)克服了绞股蓝茶味苦、浮沫多的弊端,丰富了绞股蓝茶产品形式;(2)茶冻状态突破了传统茶冲泡形式下功能成分利用率低的限制,极大提高了硒等功能活性物质的摄取率;(3)以膳食纤维-魔芋葡甘聚糖为成胶成分,既使产品具有细腻、弹爽的口感、透明均匀的色泽,同时赋予其调节肠道菌群、缓解便秘的功能特性,显著增强了产品的功能活性;(4)以甜味剂代替传统茶冻中的蔗糖, 更适于控糖人群和代谢综合症人群食用。该研究结果为绞股蓝基功能性产品的研制与推广提供了技术和理论借鉴。     

Accounting for uncertainty in pedotransfer functions in vulnerability assessments of pesticide leaching to groundwater

A simulation tool for site-specific vulnerability assessments of pesticide leaching to groundwater was developed, based on the pesticide fate and transport model MACRO, parameterized using pedotransfer functions and reasonable worst-case parameter values. The effects of uncertainty in the pedotransfer functions on simulation results were examined for 48 combinations of soils, pesticides and application timings, by sampling pedotransfer function regression errors and propagating them through the simulation model in a Monte Carlo analysis. An uncertainty factor, f(u), was derived, defined as the ratio between the concentration simulated with no errors, c(sim), and the 80th percentile concentration for the scenario. The pedotransfer function errors caused a large variation in simulation results, with f(u) ranging from 1.14 to 1440, with a median of 2.8. A non-linear relationship was found between f(u) and c(sim), which can be used to account for parameter uncertainty by correcting the simulated concentration, c(sim), to an estimated 80th percentile value. For fine-textured soils, the predictions were most sensitive to errors in the pedotransfer functions for two parameters regulating macropore flow (the saturated matrix hydraulic conductivity, K(b), and the effective diffusion pathlength, d) and two water retention function parameters (van Genuchten's N and alpha parameters). For coarse-textured soils, the model was also sensitive to errors in the exponent in the degradation water response function and the dispersivity, in addition to K(b), but showed little sensitivity to d. To reduce uncertainty in model predictions, improved pedotransfer functions for K(b), d, N and alpha would therefore be most useful.     

乳清粉含量对断奶仔猪生产性能和消化吸收能力的影响

研究不同水平的乳清粉 (5 %、10 %、2 0 % )对断奶仔猪消化吸收能力的影响 ,结果表明 :随乳清粉水平的增加 ,仔猪生产性能随着增加 ,其中各组间ADG达显著水平 (P =0 .0 2 ) ;营养物质消化率也随着乳清粉水平的提高而提高 ,特别是DM和EE的消化率各组间均达显著水平 ;乳清粉从 5 %升至 2 0 %血浆葡萄糖也随着升高 ,差异显著 (P =0 .0 2 ) ,血浆总蛋白各组间差异接近显著水平 (P =0 .0 6 ) ,以 2 0 %乳清分组最高     

3S技术在贵州省森林资源清查及其评价中的应用

针对目前我国森林资源清查存在的调查周期长,数据现势性差;统计总体内难以同步,数据可比性差;主观影响大,数据可靠性低等问题,在开展贵州省森林资源清查及评价工作中引进了3S技术。结果表明:林业用地的综合判读精度为93.5%,易判读地区的判对率达97%,不易判别读地区的判对率也在90%以上。本次森林资源清查共涉及林业用地面积8749639hm2,总投资约200万元,平均0.23元/hm2,外业工作历时1年,同传统的森林资源清查方法相比,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

为研究复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响,此次试验选取了40头28±2日龄杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪,并将它们随机分成4个处理组。这4个处理组均饲喂基础日粮,其中,试验1、2、3组分别添加0.1%复合酸化剂、0.2%复合酸化剂、0.3%复合酸化剂,对照组不做任何处理。试验结果表明,在30d试验期内,试验组仔猪比对照组仔猪平均日增重分别提高了5.9%、13%、10.24%,其中基础日粮中添加0.2%复合添加剂的试验组与对照组日增重差异显著(P<0.05);料肉比分别下降了7%、10.21%、8.13%;并且试验组的仔猪腹泻率较之对照组有明显的下降。试验发现,日粮中添加复合酸化剂能显著改善断奶仔猪生产性能,复合酸化剂添加量为0.2%时,仔猪的生产性能最佳。     

地下水环境质量评价Fuzzy-Grey模式

基于地下水环境质量评价所具有的模糊性和灰色性特点，将模糊数学理论中的隶属函数和隶属度等概念引入灰色系统灰色局势决策中，构成地下水环境质量的Fuzzy-Grey评价模式。用该模式对地下水环境质量进行评价，结果表明，该模式具有评价信息量多、结论符合客观实际等优点。     

An assessment of carcass counting surveys with increasing time lapse following a simulated fish kill on a small upland stream

A simulated fish kill was conducted on a small upland stream in Northern Ireland by planting out hatchery‐produced brown trout Salmo trutta L. carcasses of various size categories. Standard, post‐fish kill, assessment walkover surveys were conducted over time intervals to determine the number of carcasses visible. The sample variance between individual surveyors was generally low, with good agreement between the observed counts for the three, discrete, size fractions of fish up to 72 hr after the simulated fish kill. Despite low discharge rates, shallow water and good accessibility to the experimental stream, only 52% of the small category fish (<8 cm L_F) were recorded 4 hr after the start of the simulated fish kill. Larger carcasses (>17 cm L_F) were more visible, and >90% were detected 48 hr after the start of the simulated fish kill. After 96 hr, all size fractions of carcasses had reduced significantly, and the variability between replicate surveys increased markedly.