几种楼梯面可视化快速参数建模方法

楼梯面的智能化建模问题是建筑、装饰等行业的热点问题．以AutoCAD VBA作为开发工具．给出几种楼梯面可视化参数快速建模方法，并对楼梯面的生成算法进行了探讨．使楼梯面模型的设计更具敏捷化、智能化和可交互性．开发的设计程序可作为AutoCAD命令嵌入到的AutoCAD绘图软件中．以提高用户的设计效率。     

Anthropogenic influences on potential fire spread in a pyrogenic ecosystem of Florida, USA

Fire has historically been an important ecological factor maintaining southeastern U.S. vegetation. Humans have altered natural fire regimes by fragmenting fuels, introducing exotic species, and suppressing fires. Little is known about how these alterations specifically affect spatial fire extent and pattern. We applied historic (1920 and 1943) and current (1990) GIS fuels maps and the FARSITE fire spread model to quantify the differences between historic and current fire spread distributions. We held all fire modeling variables (wind speed and direction, cloud cover, precipitation, humidity, air temperature, fuel moistures, ignition source and location) constant with exception of the fuel models representing different time periods. Model simulations suggest that fires during the early 1900's burned freely across the landscape, while current fires are much smaller, restricted by anthropogenic influences. Fire extent declined linearly with patch density, and there was a quadratic relationship between fire extent and percent landscape covered by anthropogenic features. We found that as little as 10 percent anthropogenic landcover caused a 50 percent decline in fire extent. Most landscapes (conservation or non-conservation areas) are now influenced by anthropogenic features which disrupt spatial fire behavior disproportionately to their actual size. These results suggest that land managers using fire to restore or maintain natural ecosystem function in pyrogenic systems will have to compensate for anthropogenic influences in their burn planning. This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Integration of pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic for dose optimization of doxycycline against Haemophilus parasuis in pigs

The aims of this study were to establish optimal doses of doxycycline (dox) against Haemophilus parasuis on the basis of pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD) integration modeling. The infected model was established by intranasal inoculation of organism in pigs and confirmed by clinical signs, blood biochemistry, and microscopic examinations. The recommended dose (20 mg/kg b.w.) was administered in pigs through intramuscular routes for PK studies. The area under the concentration 0‐ to 24‐hr curve (AUC_0–24), elimination half‐life (T_½ke), and mean residence time (MRT) of dox in healthy and H. parasuis‐infected pigs were 55.51 ± 5.72 versus 57.10 ± 4.89 μg·hr/ml, 8.28 ± 0.91 versus 9.80 ± 2.38 hr, and 8.43 ± 0.27 versus 8.79 ± 0.18 hr, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of dox against 40 H. parasuis isolates was conducted through broth microdilution method, the corresponding MIC₅₀ and MIC₉₀ were 0.25 and 1 μg/ml, respectively. The Ex vivo growth inhibition data suggested that dox exhibited a concentration‐dependent killing mechanism. Based on the observed AUC_24 hr/MIC values by modeling PK‐PD data in H. parasuis‐infected pigs, the doses predicted to obtain bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and elimination effects for H. parasuis over 24 hr were 5.25, 8.55, and 10.37 mg/kg for the 50% target attainment rate (TAR), and 7.26, 13.82, and 18.17 mg/kg for 90% TAR, respectively. This study provided a more optimized alternative for clinical use and demonstrated that the dosage 20 mg/kg of dox by intramuscular administration could have an effective bactericidal activity against H. parasuis.     

FMDV OA/58病毒株VP3蛋白结构的模拟与分析

以口蹄疫病毒株OA／58 RNA为模板,反转录并扩增目的cDNA,然后与pMD18-T载体连接并转化JM109菌株,提取的重组质粒用凝胶电泳、PCR和BarnHⅠ、HindⅢ双酶切法鉴定。分析表明,口蹄疫病毒VP1、VP2、VP3和VP4在核苷酸水平上的变异率是无差异的（P〉0．05）;而它们在氨基酸水平上的变异率差异显著（P〈0．05）。该毒株与20株源于GenBank中的VP3氨基酸序列比较发现其保守区主要位于第1～24、26～35、37～43、45～57、61～122、124～173、175～209、211～220位。运用同源模建,OA／58 VP3蛋白三维空间结构可分为A,B,C3个结构区域。保守区氨基酸残基在维持VP3蛋白的空间构象和功能方面具有重要作用。     

A GIS-based plant prediction model for wetland ecosystems

An existing non-spatial model for the prediction of response of wetland plant species on ecological factors has been transformed into a GIS-based prediction model which produces spatial output at the landscape scale. The input, spatial patterns of the ecological factors, were constructed with geostatistical spatial interpolation (kriging). With this GIS-based model the spatial patterns of presence and absence of 78 wetland plant species are predicted for an area with wetlands in the Netherlands of approximately 500 square kilometers. The GIS-based model has been validated, and the estimated uncertainty of the input has been propagated through the model. At the species level the output shows spatially coherent and non-random patterns. The validation is affected by the propagation of input errors through the model. The number of valid predictions declines approximately 10–20% when 95% confidence intervals are used in the validation. This study shows that it is feasible to use a geostatistical interpolation method to construct spatial patterns of ecological factors on a landscape scale and to use these patterns as input for a GIS-based prediction model. The added uncertainty on the input values however, affects the number of valid predictions of the model.     

多组离合器参与的换挡过程混合建模与仿真

在分析多组离合器参与的自动变速器换挡过程特点的基础上,指出该换挡过程是由连续系统与离散系统组成的混合系统,进而提出基于键合图理论的连续系统和基于有限状态机的离散系统的换挡过程混合建模方法。在Matlab／Simulink和Matlab／Stateflow平台上建立了包含多种状态的东方红1302R型橡胶履带拖拉机液压机械无级变速器的换挡过程仿真模型,仿真结果表明该建模方法能很好地模拟自动变速器换挡过程中离合器的动态行为,并通过仿真分析了其对换挡品质的影响。     

均质充量压燃式发动机柴油混合气制备方法的研究

研究了一种新概念发动机-均质充量压燃式(HCCI)发动机.其气缸内燃烧温度低而均匀,产生的氮氧化物(NOx)非常低,其碳烟(PM)排放也很低,兼有高效率和低污染的优点.尽管均质充量压燃式发动机具有很大优点,但均质混合气的制备是阻碍其实用化的关键问题之一.为此,在总结前人研究成果的基础上,设计开发了一种用于HCCI发动机的液体燃料均质混合气制备方法.该方法是利用发动机排出废气的热量和进、排气管的复合结构实现的.     

聚合物包膜肥料中钾素释放特征及其模拟

以水和水饱和石英砂为介质,研究了2种聚合物包膜肥料中钾素的释放特征。结果表明,钾素释放主要受温度影响,同时还受到颗粒大小和形态的影响;在水饱和石英砂中溶出与在水中溶出差别不大。采用水为介质,以一聚合物包膜肥料养分释放的理论模型为基础,对影响聚合物包膜肥料钾素释放的因素进行了研究,并进行了灵敏性检验。结果表明,温度越高、包膜的厚度和颗粒半径越小时钾素释放越快,且试验结果和模拟结果达到极显著的相关性;模拟结果比实际结果明显偏低,但表现出了较好灵敏性和相关性,是一个具有理论基础和应用潜力的聚合物包膜肥料养分释放模型。     

基于季节特征的土壤退墒模型建立与率定

利用河南省南阳市2011—2015年12个墒情站的土壤水分监测资料,分析研究了无增墒情况下土壤含水量消退规律,构建出基于不同季节(夏季、春秋季与冬季)的土壤含水量与衰减系数的数学模型,运用规划求解法率定模型参数,并利用2016—2017年资料对模型进行检验。结果表明,不同季节土壤水分衰竭系数模型分别为α=1.023(1-ω~2/4353)~(1/2)(夏季)、α=1.013(1-ω~2/7005)~(1/2)(春秋季)与α=1.008(1-ω~2/9303)~(1/2)(冬季),所建立的数学模型适用于南阳市相应季节壤土与粘壤土小麦、水稻与休闲地土壤旱情预测,但不适用于夏季与春秋季砂土特别是休闲地砂土土壤墒情预测。     

禾谷缢管蚜气味降解酶鉴定及其与关键信息化学物质的分子对接

为探究禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi气味降解酶(odorant degrading enzyme,ODE)与关键信息化学物质的作用模式,从其触角转录组中筛选属于ODE的细胞色素P450与谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶,利用IQ-tree 2.1.1软件构建进化树;根据FPKM值筛选出高表达蛋白,用SWISS-MODEL软件进行同源建模;并应用AutoDock软件与寄主植物挥发性气味和信息素进行分子对接。结果表明,筛选获得禾谷缢管蚜细胞色素P450基因30个,谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶基因10个,且40个基因均有完整的开放阅读框;根据FPKM值筛选出9个在禾谷缢管蚜触角表达量较高的基因,其中同源建模成功的有5个;同一蛋白与不同气味分子结合时,结合能有差异;结构相似的气味分子与不同蛋白结合时,结合位点与结合能相似。表明与气味结合蛋白相比较,禾谷缢管蚜ODE对气味分子的选择特异性较低。