常见景天高温胁迫细胞伤害率试验

以7种常见景天科多肉叶片为材料进行温度梯度处理,用电导率法测定细胞伤害率,观察供试材料对高温胁迫的耐受性。结果表明,55℃是姬秋丽、薄雪万年草、黄丽、胧月、八宝景天的细胞伤害率跃升临界温度,60℃是佛甲草和垂盆草的跃升临界温度。供试景天种类的叶型大小和取样方式不影响试验结果。     

贵州林火发生时间卫星监测动态分析

根据国家林业局西南卫星林火监测分中心2005~2010年贵州林业卫星监测数据及相关信息的分析,对贵州省林火发生时间进行动态分析,结果表明,2009~2010年持续高温干旱,火灾发生频率较高,1~2月份进入高危火险时间,3~4月进入高峰期。分析结果为有针对性地制定防火规划提供依据。     

28株牛源分枝杆菌的耐药基因突变分析

为明确分离自宁夏、甘肃和新疆地区的28株牛源分枝杆菌的耐药基因突变情况,通过采用16S rRNA、MPT64和多位点PCR方法进行基因分型鉴定,L-J比例法对其进行药敏试验,随后用DNA测序技术对10株耐药菌和4株敏感菌进行耐药基因检测及突变分析。分型鉴定结果表明,28株分离株均属于结核分枝杆菌复合群(MTBC),其中26株为牛分枝杆菌,2株为人型结核分枝杆菌。药敏试验结果表明,28株MTBC中18株对4种一线抗结核药物敏感,10株耐药。耐药菌株中,1株对利福平耐药;7株对异烟肼、利福平和链霉素三重耐药;2株对异烟肼、利福平、链霉素和乙胺丁醇四重耐药。耐药基因突变位点分析结果表明,rpoB 378位点的突变率为10.0%;katG 463位点的突变率为100.0%;rrs 311位点的突变率为11.1%;embB 378位点的突变率为100.0%;oxyR-ahpC和rpsL位点无突变。提示宁夏、甘肃和新疆地区奶牛场中MTBC主要以牛分枝杆菌为主,且存在耐多药情况,耐药突变位点以katG 463和embB 378为主。     

Carbendazim sensitivity in populations of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex infecting strawberry and yams in Hubei Province of China

The ascomycete fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a devastating plant pathogen with a wide host range and worldwide distribution. Carbendazim has been widely used to control anthracnose caused by the C. gloeosporioides complex in China for more than 30 years and resistance to carbendazim has been reported in China. A total of 125 Colletotrichum isolates of strawberry and yam were collected from different geographical regions in Hubei Province, China. Approximately 52.8% of Colletotrichum spp. isolates showed resistance to carbendazim. The isolates tested in this study belong to four species, and the frequencies of resistant isolates differed across Colletotrichum species. Resistant isolates were found in C. siamense and C. fructicola. In contrast, all isolates of C. gloeosporioides and C. aenigma were sensitive to carbendazim. Highly carbendazim-resistant isolates harbored the E198 A mutation in the β-tubulin 2(TUB2) gene, whereas moderately carbendazim-resistant isolates harbored the F200 Y mutation in the TUB2 gene. Carbendazim-sensitive Colletotrichum isolates in this study were not genetically similar enough to form a separate cluster from resistant isolates. The result of this study emphasizes the importance of knowing which Colletotrichum sp. is present, when strategies for disease control are made.     

空肠弯曲菌耐药机制研究进展

空肠弯曲菌是一种全球关注的人兽共患病病原菌,由于滥用抗生素而造成其耐药性不断增强,成为公共卫生日益关注的问题.各类抗生素作用位点的基因突变是诱发空肠弯曲菌对各类临床常用的抗生素产生耐药的主要原因,同时细菌对药物的外排机制也在其对抗生素耐药过程中发挥了一定的作用.文章对空肠弯曲菌对各类临床常用抗生素的耐药机制做一综述.     

Low pesticide rates may hasten the evolution of resistance by increasing mutation frequencies

At very low pesticide rates, a certain low proportion of pests may receive a sublethal dose, are highly stressed by the pesticide and yet survive. Stress is a general enhancer of mutation rates. Thus, the survivors are likely to have more than normal mutations, which might include mutations leading to pesticide resistance, both for multifactorial (polygenic, gene amplification, sequential allelic mutations) and for major gene resistance. Management strategies should consider how to eliminate the subpopulation of pests with the high mutation rates, but the best strategy is probably to avoid too low application rates of pesticides from the outset.     

江西樟树害虫的发生、危害特点与IPM策略

樟树是江西省省树,在全省范围推广种植多年,樟树虫害发生呈逐年上升趋势。据前期调查数据及文献资料,汇总统计江西樟树害虫179种,其中,重要害虫26种,占14.5%,次重要害虫23种,占12.8%,非重要害虫130种,占72.6%,包括重要食叶害虫樟叶蜂、泡桐叶甲、黄刺蛾、丽绿刺蛾、褐边绿刺蛾、樗蚕、龙眼裳卷蛾、樟巢丛螟等;重要刺吸性害虫六点始叶螨、樟脊网蝽、黑刺粉虱、樟木虱、樟白轮盾蚧、思茅壶蚧等;重要钻蛀性害虫家白蚁、黄翅大白蚁、黑翅土白蚁、吉安樟筒天牛等;重要地下害虫粉白金龟、黑绒金龟等。据危害方式、发生特点将其归为强生态适应性害虫、r类害虫、隐蔽性害虫与嗜食性害虫,由此有针对性地提出其IPM策略。     

Identification of mutations in the para sodium channel of Bemisia tabaci from Crete, associated with resistance to pyrethroids

We investigated the mechanisms of resistance to α-cypermethrin in a Q biotype, highly resistant Bemisia tabaci strain (GRMAL-RP) isolated from Crete. Cytochrome P450-dependent monoxygenase activity with the substrate ethoxycoumarin, and carboxylesterase activity with the substrates α-naphthyl-acetate, β-naphthyl-acetate, and para-nitrophenol acetate were substantially elevated in the GRMAL-RP, compared to the susceptible SUD-S strain, while glutathione-S-transferase activity with the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was not different. The metabolic inhibitors piperonyl butoxide and S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate synergised cypermethrin toxicity in the GRMAL-RP strain, however, mortality was still lower than that of the susceptible strain, indicating the presence of an additional resistance mechanism. Analysis of the sequence of the IIS4-IIS6 region of the para sodium channel gene of the GRMAL-RP strain revealed two amino acid replacements compared to that of the SUD-S susceptible strain. One is the leucine to isoleucine substitution at position 925 (L925I) previously implicated in B. tabaci pyrethroid resistance and the other is a novel kdr resistant mutation for B. tabaci, a threonine to valine substitution at position 929 (T929V). Genotype analysis showed that the L925I and T929V were present in all GRMAL-RP males tested, at an approximately 1:1 frequency, but never in combination in the same haplotype.     

检疫性有害生物发生程度评估方法的建立

通过对检疫性有害生物的发生危害情况进行综合分析研究,揭示了一套检疫性病、虫、杂草的发生面积统计标准以及发生程度4级评估方法,并利用该方法制作了2000～2002年广西23种检疫性有害生物疫情发生情况图.