赖氨酸修饰对梯棱羊肚菌黑色素结构和理化特性的影响

为了进一步提高梯棱羊肚菌黑色素的提取率及溶解性,本试验采用单因素、Plackett-Burman试验、响应面试验对纤维素酶-超声波协同提取梯棱羊肚菌黑色素的提取工艺进行优化研究。通过赖氨酸修饰,并对修饰前后的梯棱羊肚菌黑色素进行结构表征、理化性质及稳定性研究。结果表明,在NaOH浓度为1.54 mol/L,纤维素酶添加量为20 mg/g,纤维素酶酶解时间为78.6 min,料液比为1:30,酶解温度为40 ℃,超声时间为80 min条件下提取的梯棱羊肚菌黑色素最优。未修饰的梯棱羊肚菌黑色素不溶于水,色价值为480.24,修饰后的黑色素溶解度为1 016 g/L,色价值为1 771.18,比未修饰的黑色素在溶解性、色价值方面均有所提高。此外,在不同的温度、光照、pH条件下,修饰前后的梯棱羊肚菌黑色素均比较稳定。以上研究结果为梯棱羊肚菌黑色素的高效提取及其产品的开发利用奠定了理论基础。     

利用改进BP神经网络预测初产奶牛产奶量的方法

针对传统BP算法的缺陷,提出了一种采用L-M训练法的BP神经网络。在此基础上建立了基于改进BP神经网络非线性系统的奶牛305d产奶量预测模型,此模型可以提前215d预测初产奶牛305d产奶量,从而实现提早进行选择,加速奶牛育种工作进程。并通过具体的实验验证了改进BP神经网络预测模型的有效性。     

Penetration, Development and Emigration of Juveniles of the Nematode Meloidogyne arenaria in Myrobalan Plum (Prunus cerasifera) Clones Bearing the Ma Resistance Genes

Penetration, development and emigration of M. arenaria in the roots of three Myrobalan plum (Prunus cerasifera) clones genetically characterized for their resistance to root-knot nematodes (RKN) were studied during the 10 (penetration) and 15 (emigration) days following the date of inoculation (D) of 2500 juveniles (J2s) per plant into the soil. Miniaturized tests were conducted on the two resistant clones P.2175 (Ma1 gene) and P.1079 (Ma2 gene) and the susceptible clone P.2032 (recessive for both genes), obtained from micropropagated plantlets and grown in mini-containers under controlled conditions at 25°C in a growth chamber. For penetration and development studies, nematodes in the roots were recovered by the acid fuchsin-lactophenol staining technique. Equivalent numbers of J2s were recovered in all the clones at D+1 and D+2. Subsequently, the numbers increased rapidly in P.2032 and were significantly different from those in P.1079 and P.2175 that remained at a low level. No swollen larvae were observed in the resistant clones. In P.2032, the first swollen larvae were observed at D+4, the first females were observed at D+12, whereas the first females with attached egg sacs and the first new-generation J2s were obtained between D+21 and D+28. Our data suggest that the resistance phenomenon does not act on the very early nematode penetration but acts later by preventing feeding-site induction and development into the third-stage. For emigration studies, plants in which J2s had been allowed to penetrate for two days (from D to D+2) were washed free of soil, repotted and then, after various periods of growth, soil-free roots were placed under a mistifier to evaluate the numbers of emigrating individuals. Emigration of J2s from the roots occured mainly from D+2 to D+4 in all the genotypes and was very limited from D+4 to D+10. There was no significant differences in the number of emigrated juveniles between the resistant and susceptible clones, indicating that emigration cannot explain the difference in the numbers of nematodes recovered in the roots.     

羊布鲁菌16MOmp25真核表达载体的构建

利用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）,以羊布鲁菌16M基因组为模板克隆Omp25基因,设计含有EcoRI和xhoI酶切位点的引物序列,定向克隆到真核表达载体pCMV-HA上,构建真核表达重组质粒pCMV-HA～Omp25。经测序及双酶切验证正确,证明成功构建了pCMV-HA—Omp25真核表达质粒,为表达纯化外膜蛋白Omp25,研究其功能奠定基础。     

基于猪丁型冠状病毒重组M蛋白间接ELISA抗体检测方法的建立与应用

猪丁型冠状病毒(porcine deltacoronavirus,PDCoV)是近年新发现的一种猪肠道病原体,主要感染仔猪并引起仔猪腹泻甚至死亡,针对该病建立快速、准确的血清学检测方法尤为重要.本研究以PDCoVHNZK-04毒株为模板扩增M基因并将其克隆至原核表达载体pET-32a中,构建了重组质粒pET-32a-P...     

宁南旱区草粮轮作系统中紫花苜蓿适宜利用年限研究

2002-2004年对宁南旱区不同生长年限紫花苜蓿土壤理化性状和紫花苜蓿-谷子轮作进行了研究。结果表明,随着紫花苜蓿生长年限延长,土壤生态环境得到改善。紫花苜蓿3~22年生期间,0~100 cm土壤容重减少了0.213 g/cm3,孔隙度增加8.03%,饱和持水率增加14.17%,持水能力增强。6~22年生期间,0~60 cm土层有机质和碱解氮平均含量分别增加1.60 g/kg和11.02 mg/kg,pH值降低了0.09,为轮作作物生长创造了良好的土壤环境。紫花苜蓿轮作年份越早,土壤水分恢复效果越好,轮作作物水分利用效率越高;反之,紫花苜蓿生长时间过长,轮作后不利于土壤水分的恢复。6,10和22年生紫花苜蓿地轮作谷子收获后,0~200 cm土壤水分恢复量分别为63.06,55.22和-42.55 mm,轮作谷子产量分别为1 725.95,1 485.80和1 560.75 kg/hm2,水分利用效率分别为12.011 6,8.432 5和5.816 1 kg/mm.hm2。为使旱区农地有限的土壤水分达到合理、高效及可持续利用,取得较大的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益,紫花苜蓿实行草粮轮作的最适宜年限在5~6年生。     

NO/ADMA在布鲁菌侵染小鼠机体过程中的响应特征

本试验旨在研究布鲁菌侵染小鼠过程中一氧化氮(NO)的作用,以及NO和非对称性二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)在此过程的相互作用关系。以布鲁菌标准疫苗株M5侵染小鼠,首先用小鼠的血清进行虎红平板凝集(RBPT)和试管凝集试验(SAT),再用Griess试剂法和ELISA法测定对照组和侵染组不同组织和血清中的NO和ADMA含量,对小鼠肝脏和脾脏的各个侵染时间段进行CFU计数观察。结果显示,用布鲁菌M5侵染小鼠后,RBPT和SAT在14d时检测到有阳性反应。侵染组和空白对照组NO总含量上变化不大,但侵染组血清中的NO含量随时间出现下降,而肝脾中NO含量随时间出现上升,其他各组织NO含量波动不明显。而ADMA的总趋势与NO相反。CFU计数结果显示,小鼠肝脾内布鲁菌的数量在14d时一直处于增长状态,28d时布鲁菌的数量下降,表明布鲁菌的分裂繁殖和机体NO的含量存在一定的关系。     

基于Arduino的智能送药小车

智能单片机小车由于其智能、方便、快捷,被广泛应用于各行业.本研究的智能送药小车包括了Ardunio mega2560单片机、OpenMv4智能识别装置、寻迹装置、L298N模块、433M无线模块等装置.研究结果表明:智能送药小车通过识别地面安置路线以及相应的病房号,可以自动躲避障碍,自动沿设定的路线行驶,既可以实现单车...     

Structural and Rheological Characteristics of Alginate from Sargassum cristaefolium Extracted by Twin Screw Extruder

This study aimed to investigate the effects of process extrusion on the characteristics of Sargassum cristaefolium sodium alginate (SCSA) extracted using twin-screw extruder. Box-Behnken Design (BBD) from response surface methodology (RSM) was established to understand the effects of temperature, screw speed, and pH on the multiple-responses of alginate characteristics including intrinsic viscosity, yield, and molecular weight. The results revealed that temperature, screw speed, and pH significantly affected (P < .05) all responses. The optimum extraction condition was found at temperature of 58.18°C, screw speed of 77.99 rpm, and pH 10.11. At this condition, the response of residence time distribution was 7.07 ± 0.029 min, yield of 34.01 ± 0.12%, intrinsic viscosity of 460.13 ± 14.75 mL/g, and molecular weight of 217.94 ± 7.14 × 10³ g/mol. This alginate had mannuronic acid to guluronic acid (M/G) ratio of 0.28, and the L-guluronic acid block was 0.78, which was higher than the D-mannuronic acid block. Rheological characterization of SCSA in aqueous solution was shear-thinning pseudoplastic, and alginate gel in 1 M CaCl₂ was more elastic than liquid.