人工恢复与重建森林生态系统健康及其维护初探

人工恢复与重建森林生态系统,随着时间的推移,由于系统内生物个体与个体、个体与环境之间的关系变化而发生动态的变化,如果不能对系统的健康状况正确认识和维护,恢复的系统则可能再次退化,使荒山绿化、植被恢复不能达到预期目标。探讨了人工恢复与重建森林生态系统的健康评价方法及其维护对策。     

雪莲果的保健功能和开发现状

从雪莲果的特征特性出发,介绍了雪莲果中主要的营养成分和保健功能,包括营养成分丰富、含有低聚果糖、具有药茶功效等,并从直接食用及产品开发等方面对雪莲果开发现状进行了综述     

奶牛健康监测与评价

牛奶的安全问题与奶牛的健康息息相关,只有健康的奶牛才能生产出健康的牛奶.牛群健康管理需要随时观察、定时检测,做到“未病先防”.因此,建立奶牛健康预警系统尤其重要,通过对单个敏感指标（乳体细胞数、牛乳pH、电导率、直肠温度、产奶量等）的变化和行为学观察及体况评分、运动评分、健康指数可以及时发现亚健康牛,减少疾病造成的损失,确保原料奶的品质安全.     

葛根菠萝保健饮料的加工工艺

为开发葛根深加工产品,用葛根汁和菠萝汁为原料,将其按一定的配比制成了一种天然保健饮料。为了明确葛根菠萝饮料的最佳生产工艺,以葛根汁与菠萝汁体积比、糖添加量、柠檬酸添加量3个因素为考察对象,采用L9（3^3）正交试验设计,研究了葛根菠萝保健饮料的最佳配比方案,并对结果进行方差分析。结果表明：最佳配方为葛根汁与菠萝汁体积比2：3、糖添加量8％、柠檬酸添加量0.12％;方差分析结果表明,葛根汁与菠萝汁配比、糖添加量和柠檬酸添加量对试验结果均有显著影响。在该工艺条件下制得的饮料风味独特,兼具营养保健功效。     

茶多酚作为保健型香烟添加剂的综合开发

从中低档茶中提取茶多酚,将其添加到香烟中,降低香烟燃烧时产生自由基对人体的毒害,开发新型保健型香烟投放市场,既为广大烟民提供一种相对保健的香烟产品,还可提高中低档茶产品附加值。本文论述了香烟吸食社会化流行的成因、毒害发生机理;茶多酚降低香烟中自由基的产生机理,茶多酚作为添加剂在中式香烟中的开发形式。发挥茶多酚抗氧化功能、开发出新型保健型香烟,以降低香烟对人体的危害。     

Tree planting in Tigray, Ethiopia: the importance of human disease and water microdams

We examine the decision to plant trees and level of tree planting for two sites, public microdam areas and household agricultural land, and two species groups in Tigray, Ethiopia. Both sites are not perfect substitutes, as they vary with respect to distance from the household and tenure security. The role of permanent pooled water irrigation microdams to tree planting is important but unknown, because water borne diseases, which may influence household income and productivity, are thought to be enhanced by the dams. We find both disease and microdams to be important predictors to tree planting. Disease seems more important in determining whether households plant at all, and less important in the level of planting for those that do plant. For example, disease increases the probability of planting both eucalyptus and other species groups on household-own land, but households suffering from malaria plant higher-cost eucalyptus trees with lower probability at both sites, while planting of other lower-cost species increases at dam sites where other villagers can monitor the trees. We also establish a connection between planting and agricultural residues, finding a strong substitution effect on own-land. Microdam access and age are also important. Households living nearer to dam sites will plant both species groups there with higher probabilities, but the decision to plant on agricultural own-land is not affected. For older dams with more developed irrigation, households are more likely to grow crops rather than plant trees on their own land, but they plant more trees at the dam sites. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Consumer perception versus scientific evidence of farmed and wild fish: exploratory insights from Belgium

The increasing number of marketable fish being supplied from aquaculture is a response to the increasing demand for healthy food and is filling the gap left by depleting natural fish stocks. Little is known about the awareness and perception of the consumer in terms of farmed fish versus fish from capture fisheries. The consumer's subjective point of view is of overriding importance for the production system and product acceptance as well as for future market success. In this paper consumer perception in Belgium is explored and compared against scientific evidence of farmed versus wild fish. Primary data were collected through a consumer survey (April 2003) and focus group discussions (May 2004) with Belgian consumers. The majority of the consumer sample reported no perceived differences between farmed versus wild fish. However, mean perception scores were slightly in favour of wild fish on the attributes taste, health and nutritious value, in particular among consumers aged 55 years and older. The availability of farmed fish was perceived to be better than that of wild fish, while the consumer's perception of safety did not differ between farmed and wild fish. The focus group discussions indicated that consumers’ opinions and beliefs about farmed fish are mainly based on emotion and image transfer from intensive terrestrial livestock production rather than on awareness and factual knowledge of aquaculture.