蓝莓的营养保健价值与栽培条件

蓝莓是近几年来从国外引进的新兴的小浆果,它的营养价值和保健价值正被越来越多的人所认识,其消费群体也从高端人群向大众延伸扩散。该文介绍了蓝莓的营养组成和它的保健功效,同时列举了蓝莓栽培3个最基本的条件。     

安徽省保健食品生产许可现场检查情况分析

研究安徽省近年来保健食品生产许可现场检查情况,为检查员开展许可检查、食品药品监管部门进行日常监管及保健食品生产企业加强质量管理提供参考。以2014—2016年75份安徽省保健食品许可检查结果为研究对象,采用计量学方法对其进行分类统计分析。结果表明:生产过程缺陷项目共有291次,设计与设施缺陷项目共有199次,品质管理缺陷项目共有157次,原料缺陷项目共有148次,人员管理、卫生管理、储存与运输缺陷项目共有120次。保健食品产品总体上技术水平不高,生产企业质量管理水平不高,许可检查总体通过率较低,但呈现逐年上升趋势。建议企业加强生产质量管理,监管部门加强监管,检查员提升现场检查水平。     

风景园林研究的跨界融合与量化革新——以香港大学城市环境与人类健康实验室为例

以香港大学城市环境与人类健康实验室这一新兴学术共同体作为研究切入点,使用文献综述与案例研究的方法深入探讨学术共同体在推动风景园林学科的发展和进步中扮演的关键角色.研究结果发现:该实验室在以往的风景园林学科内容、框架和知识体系基础上,运用新兴技术并结合定量的统计学方法,将城市环境与居民健康紧密相连,为快速城市化地区的环境和人类健康问题提供高效、精准、人文关怀且切实可行的解决方案,并极大地拓展了风景园林学科的研究领域;实验室的核心关注点在于城市感知:探究城市环境特征如何以及在何种程度上通过心理、生理等途径影响人类健康;在健康城市领域,这支先锋团队担任着理论研究、技术探索以及教育者的角色.     

土壤有机氯污染风险与调控：基于多过程耦合的视角

传统和新兴有机氯污染物（Organochlorine pollutants,OCPs）在环境中易形成持久性污染源,可对人类健康和生态环境造成巨大影响。已有大量研究证实,厌氧条件下由土壤微生物胞外呼吸电子传递介导的生源要素循环对OCPs的生物地球化学过程具有重要影响,将进一步调控土壤健康演变方向。从多过程耦合角度厘清残留OCPs的潜在土壤健康风险,在全球“一体化健康”的需求下显得尤为必要。有鉴于此,本文先简明扼要梳理近42年关于土壤中残留OCPs的研究进展与现况,明确热点领域与学术前沿;再从微生物介导的土壤氧化还原多过程耦合角度,梳理OCPs还原脱氯与土壤中关键元素生物化学循环过程之间的潜在关系,深入认识OCPs残留土壤的地下生态环境与健康风险;最后对我国土壤OCPs污染调控的未来研究方向提出建议和展望,为实现OCPs残留土壤的污染治理提供研究思路,以支撑完善土壤健康理论。     

Flavonoids in Food and Their Health Benefits

There has been increasing interest in the research of flavonoids from dietary sources, due to growing evidence of the versatile health benefits of flavonoids through epidemiological studies. As occurrence of flavonoids is directly associated with human daily dietary intake of antioxidants, it is important to evaluate flavonoid sources in food. Fruits and vegetables are the main dietary sources of flavonoids for humans, along with tea and wine. However, there is still difficulty in accurately measuring the daily intake of flavonoids because of the complexity of existence of flavonoids from various food sources, the diversity of dietary culture, and the occurrence of a large amount of flavonoids itself in nature. Nevertheless, research on the health aspects of flavonoids for humans is expanding rapidly. Many flavonoids are shown to have antioxidative activity, free-radical scavenging capacity, coronary heart disease prevention, and anticancer activity, while some flavonoids exhibit potential for anti–human immunodeficiency virus functions. As such research progresses, further achievements will undoubtedly lead to a new era of flavonoids in either foods or pharmaceutical supplements. Accordingly, an appropriate model for a precise assessment of intake of flavonoids needs to be developed.Most recent research has focused on the health aspects of flavonoids from food sources for humans. This paper reviews the current advances in flavonoids in food, with emphasis on health aspects on the basis of the published literature, which may provide some guidance for researchers in further investigations and for industries in developing practical health agents.     

论青少年体质健康的耗散结构*

目的：从耗散结构理论的角度研究解决我国青少年体质健康普通下降的严重问题,对解决我国青少年体质健康问题不仅具有独特的理论价值,而且具有显著的实践意义。方法：理论思辨法和逻辑分析法。结论：1.青少年体质健康普通下降的重要原因是其系统的耗散结构无法形成;2.解决青少年体质健康问题的重要途径在于促进其系统的耗散结构形成;3.开放性,远离平衡与非线性是青少年体质健康系统形成耗散结构的前提;4.满足青少年自我实现的愿望和体育锻炼的需求是青少年体质健康系统能够形成耗散结构的关键。     

Rye phenolics in nutrition and health

Dietary intake of whole-grain foods is associated with a decreased risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and heart disease. In addition to dietary fibre, various phytochemicals have been suggested to contribute to the health effects of whole grain products. This review focuses on phenolic compounds in rye (Secale cereale L.), which is one of the major bread grains in Europe. Data on phenolic concentrations in rye grain and foods, their bioavailability to tissues and effects in vivo, and their potential contributions to health are presented. Phenolic compounds in rye, such as phenolic acids, alkylresorcinols and lignans, are concentrated in the outer layers of the grain. Phenolic acids are the major phenolic compounds in whole grain rye (103–300 mg/100 g grain), ferulic acid being the most abundant. Rye lignans are present at concentrations of 2 mg/100 g grain and had been shown to be converted by the intestinal microflora to the mammalian lignans enterodiol and enterolactone in human intervention studies. Alkylresorcinols (36–320 mg/100 g grain), which have been found to be incorporated into human erythrocyte membranes, are of particular interest due to their potential use as biomarkers of the intake of rye and wheat.     

微生物制剂"绿源生"对番茄产量的影响

[目的]更加科学地使用“绿源生”制剂并指导农业生产。[方法]以清水和NEB制剂作对照,采用灌窝和栽前喷洒翻地方法,研究“绿源生”微生物制剂对番茄的增产效果。[结果]使用“绿源生”后,番茄植株长势增强,平均株高增加21．0cm;叶片大而平展。厚度增加;抗病性好;果实大、色泽光亮,处理组平均果径比对照增加0．6cm;使用“绿源生”15．000、30．000、45．000L／hm2喷洒分别比清水对照组增产4．09％、8．16％和11．05％,灌窝分别增产5．12％、10．00％和13．69％,以45．000L／hm2剂量的“绿源生”灌窝处理增产效果最为明显。“绿源生”和NEB制剂对番茄的增产效果差异不显著。[结论]番茄栽植时灌窝“绿源生”微生物肥更有利于在根系局部形成有益的微生物区系,能更好地发挥其促生长作用。