鸭传染性浆膜炎的研究进展

鸭疫里氏杆菌病是一种主要侵害雏鸭的接触性传染病,最先发现时称鸭疫巴氏杆菌,后来证实是鸭疫里氏杆菌引起的,主要临床特点是困倦、厌食、眼和鼻孔有分泌物、下痢、共济失调和抽搐。慢性病例为斜颈．病理特点为纤维素性心包、气囊炎、肝周炎以及脑膜炎等。文中通过病原学、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断以及防治等方面对该病进行简要的综述,为该病的防治提供参考。     

番鸭细小病毒分离鉴定

采集以腹泻、呼吸困难为主要症状的雏番鸭肝、脾病料,接种１４日龄非免疫番鸭胚,８０％胚在３－７天死亡,胚体呈弥漫性充血、出血。接种番鸭胚成纤维原代细胞７２小时可见细胞圆缩、聚团等变化。聚苯乙烯乳胶凝集试验呈阳性,提取病毒接种细胞及尿囊液 ＤＮＡ,用自行设计引物扩增到与设计相符的 ６００ｂｐ片段,克隆至 Ｔ载体,经酶切及序列分析表明我们所分离到的病毒为雏番鸭细小病毒（Ｍｕｓｃｏｖｙ　 Ｄｕｃｋｉｌｉｎｇ　 Ｐａｖｏｖｉｒｕｓ,ＭＰＶ）。     

实验性雏鸭锌中毒症的病理学研究

1日龄天府肉鸭健雏100只随机分为2组，分别喂以止常对照(Zn100mg／kg日粮)和锌中毒(Zn1300mg／kg日粮)日粮4周，进行系统的病理学研究。中毒鸭13d出现症状，18只死亡。尸检主要见腿部肌肉色白或灰白色，外观似蜡样；肌胃平滑肌色淡灰白；消化道充满黑褐色煤焦油样内容物。光镜下，骨骼肌纤维肿胀变性坏死；心肌和肌胃平滑肌局灶性坏死；胸腺、腔上囊、脾脏淋巴细胞减少。电镜观察，免疫器官淋巴细胞线粒体肿胀、嵴断裂。血液病理学变化主要是碱性磷酸酶活性、血清总蛋白与球蛋白含量以及红细胞总数和血红蛋白含量降低，血清谷丙转氨酶活性和锌含量升高。结果表明，高锌对鸭可产生明显的毒害作用。文中还对发病机理进行了探讨。     

硒中毒雏鸭血清和组织中NO含量及NOS活性的研究

 为了探讨硒中毒的毒理机制 ,选择健康雏鸭作实验动物 ,通过饲料中添加 8mg·kg-1的硒 ,复制雏鸭硒中毒模型 ,应用硝酸还原酶法测定血清和组织中NO含量及NOS活性的动态变化。试验结果表明 ,与对照组相比 ,中毒组雏鸭血清和组织中NO含量及NOS活性均显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且有时间—效应关系。从而提示硒中毒可诱导NOS活性增强 ,致使机体内NO含量升高 ,机体内源性NO水平过高 ,则产生细胞毒性作用 ,进而对机体的物质和能量代谢及组织细胞的结构和功能产生一系列的损伤。这可能是硒中毒的毒理机制之一。     

高铜对雏鸭胸腺形态的影响研究

为探索高铜对雏鸭胸腺形态的影响,选用1日龄天府肉鸭360只,随机分为6组,分别喂以对照日粮（Cu8mg／kg）和高铜日粮（Cu100mg／kg,高铜Ⅰ组;Cu200mg／kg,高铜Ⅱ组;Cu400mg／kg,高铜Ⅲ组;Cu600mg／kg,高铜Ⅳ组;Cu800mg／kg,高铜V组）6周。结果表明：与对照组比较,高铜Ⅲ组...     

雏鸭感染鸭肝炎病毒后血清生化指标的动态变化

用I型鸭肝炎病毒标准毒株R85952 人工感染 3日龄雏鸭 ,于感染后 6、12、16、2 0、2 4、2 8、3 2和 3 6h分别采集感染组和对照组雏鸭的血液分离血清进行生化指标测定。结果 :血清中Na+ 、K+ 、Ca2 + 、Mg2 + 、Cl- 、P5+ 等无机盐离子浓度和BUN含量变化不明显 ,OSM的变化也不明显 ;ALT、AST和GGT均较对照组有极显著升高 (P <0 .0 1) ;GLU浓度在攻毒后 2 4～ 3 6h极显著下降 (P <0 .0 1) ;TG、CHOL和VLDL呈极显著升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,表明血糖下降和血脂升高。TBIL和DBIL分别从攻毒后 2 0和 12h开始较对照组有显著的升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。上述的试验结果提示 :雏鸭感染鸭肝炎病毒后肝脏受损最明显 ,呈现急性、坏死性肝炎的病理过程     

Replication kinetics of duck virus enteritis vaccine virus in ducklings immunized by the mucosal or systemic route using real-time quantitative PCR

A chicken embryo-adapted duck enteritis virus (DEV) strain is the most widely used vaccine against duck virus enteritis (DVE) infection. The kinetics of attenuated DEV vaccine was examined in tissues of ducklings vaccinated by the mucosal or systemic route at 20 days of age and sampled regularly up to 60 days post-vaccination (p.v.). Significant numbers of virus genomes in the lymphoid and other parenchymatous organs were first detected at 60 min p.v., and subsequently rose to peak levels during 90 min to 1 day p.v. independent of the route of vaccine administration. The peak level of vaccine virus in the individual parenchymatous organs of subcutaneously immunized ducklings was significantly higher than that of orally or nasally immunized ducklings. The route of vaccine administration had significant effect on the initial tissue distribution of vaccine virus in respiratory and digestive tracts. Vaccine viruses spread to digestive tract and trachea tissues by mucosal route, i.e. oral and nasal administration, early than that by subcutaneous route. The rapid early increase of vaccine virus levels in all samples examined followed by a steady decline from 90 min to 6 days p.v. The real-time PCR analysis of a variety of tissues is significant for further investigation of the mechanism of vaccinal protection, and the optimization of vaccination regimes.     

实验性天府肉雏鸭锌缺乏症的病理学观察

1日龄天府肉鸭健雏100只随机分为两组，分别喂以正常对照(锌100mg／kg日粮)和锌缺乏(锌22．9mg／kg日粮)日粮7周，进行系统的病理学研究。缺锌鸭出现生长迟缓、羽毛发育不良、蹼部皮肤破溃等临床症状。组织学观察舌上皮小灶性溃疡，蹼部皮肤不全角化，胸腺、腔上囊和脾脏淋巴细胞数量减少、变性、坏死。电镜观察胸腺、腔上囊和脾脏的淋巴细胞和网状细胞核溶解、固缩，线粒体肿胀，嵴断裂、溶解，粗面内质网扩张。血液病理学变化主要是血清碱性磷酸酶活性下降，血红蛋白、血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白和血清锌含量显著降低，红细胞数量减少、渗透脆性增加。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌感染后雏鸭血清生化指标变化的研究

利用生化自动分析仪对人工感染Ⅰ型鸭疫里默氏杆菌(含菌量3*109CFU)的20日龄天府肉鸭血清GLU、TC、LDH、ALT、AKP、AMS进行了测定。结果表明:GLU、TC、LDH、ALT在发病高峰期均显著升高(P≤0.01),AKP、AMS有升高,但与对照组相比无差异。     

Effect of Copper Toxicity on Lymphoid Organs in Ducklings

210 one-day-old Tianfu meat ducklings ware divided into three groups,and fed on diets as follows: (1) control (Cu 12.16 mg kg-1),(2) copper toxic Ⅰ (Cu 850 mg kg-1) and (3)copper toxic Ⅱ( Cu 1 050 mg kg-1) for studies on effects of copper toxicity on lymphoid organs in duckling with the methods of experimental pathology and flow cytometry (FCM).The weight and growth index of the thymus,spleen and bursa of Fabricius were markedly reduced (P＜ 0.05 or P＜ 0.01) in both copper toxic group Ⅰ and Cu toxic group Ⅱ when compared with control group.The G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle of the thymus,spleen and bursa of Fabricius was much higher,and S,G2+M phases lower in Cu toxic groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ than in the control group.There were lymphocyte degeneration and depletion of lymphoid organs,and the reticular cells of spleen and bursa of Fabricius proliferated and the reticular cells of thymus were also degenerate and necrotic in Cu toxic groups.The results demonstrated that Cu toxicity seriously impaired the progression of lymphocytes from the G0/G1 phase to S phase,inhibited the development of lymphoid organs and caused marked pathological injury in lymphoid organs.The results also showed that the effect of Cu toxicity on the primary lymphoid organs occurred stronger than on the secondary lymphoid organs.The effect of Cu toxicity was the greatest on the bursa of Fabricius,followed hy the thymus,and then the spleen.Potential mechanisms underlying aforementioned observation were also discussed.key words: Copper toxicity,Lesion,Cell cycle,Lymphoid organ,Duckling