FA旱地龙在农作物上抗旱增产效果研究

在粮食、油料、蔬菜、瓜果等多种作物上使用FA旱地龙的结果表明 ,FA旱地龙能促进作物的生长发育 ,增强作物抗寒、抗旱、抗干热风等抗逆性能 ,减轻灾害 ,提高农作物产量。同时筛选出了在不同作物上FA旱地龙的最佳施用方法及施用适期     

Analysis of Growth and Productivity of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) in Relation to FYM, Nitrogen and Source of Fertilizer

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1992–93 and 1993–94 at Anand to study the effect of FYM, nitrogen and source of fertilizer on growth and yield of mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson]. The results showed significant variation in leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), dry matter production and seed yield. The direct effect of farmyard manure (FYM) was conspicuous in improving the growth of mustard. FYM application at 10 tonnes ha⁻¹ significantly increased the LAI, CGR and dry matter accumulation per plant at almost all the stages during first year study (1992–93) and in pooled analysis. Similarly, nitrogen application registered maximum LAI, CGR at 75 kg level and RGR and NAR at 50 kg level at almost all the during both years. Sulphur carrying source (Ammonium sulphate plus single super phosphate) increased all stages growth characters. Maximum dry matter accumulation per plant and seed yield were recorded with highest levels of FYM (20 tonnes ha⁻¹), N (75 kg ha⁻¹) and source having S. Seed yield was strongly associated with LAI and dry matter accumulation per plant at all the stages.     

Residue management for reducing evaporation in relation to soil type and evaporativity1

Abstract. Usual residue-management options are to remove the residue, use it as mulch with or without undercutting or to incorporate it into the soil. While the role of surface mulch in evaporation has been widely studied, the information on the effect on evaporation of mulch with undercutting or residue incorporated into soil, particularly in relation to soil type and evaporativity (E_o) is lacking. We studied the effect of wheat straw used in various ways on the course of evaporation loss from soil columns with three soils at Ludhiana, India and one soil at Bushland, Texas, USA, under two E_o's Energy-limited evaporation rates under mulch (E_om) followed the soil-specific relation E_om/E_o= a e^(bRes+cEo), where Res is residue rate t/ha and a, b and c are constants; E_o, is expressed in mm/d. In an effort to model the total evaporation (CE) during the energy-limited stage ‘U’ was obtained from appropriate CE versus time curves and (CE-U) was regressed over (t - ti)^0.5 to obtain the slope ‘α’ (Ritchie 1972) for the soil-limited evaporation stage. The observed ‘U’ was independent of mulch rate and E_o but was strongly affected by soil type, Values of ‘α’ decreased with increase in mulch rate and decrease in E_o and coarseness of soil. The otherwise short lived benefit of evaporation reduction with mulch per se, which peaked after a few days was maintained when residue was mixed with soil at the stage when evaporation reduction reached a maximum; this benefit continued for several weeks. Cumulative evaporation values computed from ‘U’ and ‘α’ agreed closely with the observed values under straw mulch for loamy sand and clay loam soils and for ‘undercut’ and ‘residue mixed’ treatments on all soils regardless of E_o, and for all situations under small E_o. However, for sandy loam and silt loam soils under E_o of 10 mm/d, the modified square root of the time function of Jalota et al. (1988) gave a better fit.     

农作物抗旱性鉴定仪的研制和应用

依据陈毓荃等首次提出的连续升温电导法，研制了ＮＫＪ－１型农作物抗旱性鉴定仪，对１４种小麦抗旱性的鉴定结果与田间观测结果一致，也适于果树抗热性鉴定。     

草地农业在宁夏农业种植结构调整中的切入点

论述宁夏农区耕地轮作牧草发展牧草种子业、草产业和生产绿肥的可行性,自然条件、利益、市场机遇,并推荐了适应宁夏地区种植的优良牧草种。     

一种新的基于图像处理的作物叶面积测量方法

以数字图像处理技术为基础,提出一种简化、高精度的作物叶面积测量方案,对从扫描仪获得的含有参照边框和叶片影像的图像进行分析处理,不仅简化了业务流程,还大大提高了测量的精度,应用于作物叶面积的测量计算,获得十分满意的结果。     

小麦条锈病气象预测方法及遥感监测研究进展

从影响小麦条锈病发生发展的大尺度气候背景、局地气象因子两方面,对小麦条锈病发生发展的气象预测研究进行了综述,指出了常规预测方法存在的问题和难点。概述了高光谱遥感在小麦条锈病监测中的应用,并对遥感与作物模型的结合进行了探讨,在此基础上展望了基于大气环流的小麦条锈病中、长期预测及G IS辅助的遥感技术在小麦条锈病监测方面的应用前景。     

不同施用方式下保水剂浓度对作物成苗的影响

针对内蒙古干旱地区农业生产实际和保水剂在节水农业中的应用前景,对干旱条件下保水剂浓度对作物出苗和生长的影响进行了研究。通过盆栽试验,研究了保水剂不同施用方式下,浓度对萝卜、玉米和糜子的出苗率和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：施用保水剂可显著提高作物出苗率并改善幼苗生长状况,但其效果因施用方式不同,差异较大。对萝卜而言,5cm施用深度下,沟施时对应浓度在0．10％～0．50％范围内,出苗率比对照提高25．3～44．0个百分点,混施在浓度小于1．00％时,皆能提高出苗率,但提高幅度明显低于沟施;10cm施用深度下,混施时浓度在0．10％～0．50％范围内,出苗率比对照高30个百分点左右,而沟施则不明显。对于玉米和糜子,混施浓度低于0．30％时,玉米出苗率提高5～7倍,糜子出苗率提高2～4倍。从幼苗生长看,萝卜在试验最低浓度0．10％,玉米和糜子在0．10％～0．30％,各处理株高明显优于对照。总体上保水剂和土壤混施优于沟施,施用深度对作物成苗的影响在不同施用方式下不一致,这种差异与保水剂和土壤的相互作用有关。     

作物超高产育种途径探析

本文以3大粮食作物水稻、小麦和玉米为例,阐述了作物超高产育种的概念,归纳了作物产量形成的生理基础,并从理想株形选育、高光效育种、遗传资源的发现与创新和生物技术手段4个方面分析了作物超高产的途径.     

河北省作物秸秆资源及其利用状况分析

近年来,作物秸秆资源利用问题已经成为人们越来越关注的热点问题。利用河北省农业统计数据并且结合2005～2006年度河北省农户调研数据,对河北省秸秆资源数量进行了估算,并且分析了2005～2006年河北省作物秸秆利用状况。结果表明：2006年河北省秸秆数量在4500万t左右,其中小麦和玉米秸秆数量占秸秆总资源数量的80％以上。在秸秆利用方面,该研究分别从秸秆还田（包括秸秆直接还田和秸秆堆肥还田）、饲料、生活能源（包括秸秆直接作燃料和做沼气）、原料（秸秆造纸等）、焚烧（包括秸秆田间焚烧和地头焚烧）以及堆弃6个方面进行统计,2006年河北省秸秆还田、饲料和生活能源比例分别为40．7％、24．2％和22．5％。主要作物秸秆中。小麦秸秆还田比例超过50％,达到57．7％,玉米秸秆还田比例也在38．4％。从不同地区来看,以小麦为例。秸秆还田比例从24．7％到96．3％差异较大,小麦秸秆还田地区主要集中在河北省中南部地区。