电生功能水和静电场处理对草莓采后生理的影响

以“星都2号”草莓果实为试材,研究电生功能水及静电场(-50 kV/m)处理对冷藏草莓(贮藏温度为0℃,相对湿度为85%～90%)果肉最大破断应力、呼吸强度、乙烯释放量及细胞膜透性变化的影响。试验结果表明：电生功能水处理明显抑制了草莓的乙烯释放,降低了草莓果实的呼吸强度,而静电场处理也一定程度地降低了果实的乙烯释放量,但对果实呼吸强度无明显的影响。二者均可保持贮藏期间草莓最大破断应力,延缓果肉细胞相对电导率的上升,从而有效地抑制采后草莓果实的衰老过程。相比较而言,电生功能水处理效果优于静电场。     

固体栽培基质对园艺植物生长发育及生理生化影响研究进展

总结了近几年来国内外固体栽培基质在园艺作物上的生产应用概况,综述了固体栽培基质对园艺作物生长发育、生理生化和光合作用的影响等方面的研究进展,并对固体栽培基质今后的拓展应用和深入研究进行了展望。     

种子超干贮藏对紫花苜蓿前期生长和生理特性的影响

采用硅胶室温干燥法对陇东紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L. cv. Longdong）种子进行超干处理,使其含水量由9.03%（CK）分别降至7.09%～4.59%共八个不同含水量水平,用铝箔纸密封,常温下贮藏1年后,采用沙培盆栽试验,研究种子超干贮藏对苜蓿生长和生理的影响。结果表明,超干贮藏后,紫花苜蓿种子的出苗数、植株的株高比CK显著提高,MDA含量显著降低。播种第30天时,含水量为6.36%～4.59%处理种子的出苗数较CK提高25%～50%;播种第60天时,种子含水量为6.36%～5.46%处理的植株株高较CK提高11.02%～15.68%,各超干处理种子的植株MDA含量仅为CK的44.92%～70.29%;所有处理植株的根体积、地上干重、地下干重和可溶性糖含量仅为CK的55.36%～89.29%、63.06%～88.05%、50.71%～76.69%和63.35%～97.86%;除4.59%含水量处理的叶片数和5.18%含水量处理的根瘤数与CK比差异不显著,其它各处理的单株叶片数与根瘤数均显著低于CK,其中各超干处理的根瘤数仅为CK的63.00%～92.56%。说明超干贮藏能够提高苜蓿种子的出苗数、植株的株高和耐受性,但降低了植株的生物量及根体积,并影响了叶片生长及根瘤的形成。     

铅镉胁迫下马齿苋的种子萌发和幼苗生理响应

以马齿苋为试验材料,通过水培法研究马齿苋在铅、镉单一胁迫下种子萌发及幼苗生理指标的影响。结果表明：低浓度的铅胁迫对马齿苋种子萌发影响不大,但高浓度则显著抑制其种子萌发,2 000 mg/L铅处理下失去萌发能力;镉胁迫下则表现为低浓度促进高浓度抑制。随着铅胁迫浓度的升高,马齿苋体内可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸含量和超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性下降;而随着镉胁迫浓度的升高,渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性则呈先升高后降低的趋势。     

作物抗旱性生理生化机制的研究现状和进展

根据现有文献资料，从渗透调节、细胞膜的结构和功能、自由基学说、干旱胁迫下特异蛋白的产生及其生理功能等方面综述了作物抗旱性生理生化机制的研究现状和进展。     

Effects of day and night temperature on photosynthesis,antioxidant enzyme activities,and endogenous hormones in tomato leaves during the flowering stage

To study the effects of day and night temperature difference (DIF) on tomato growth, a controlled experiment using Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Jinguan 5 was conducted. The daily mean temperature (T_m) was maintained at 18°C and 25°C, and the DIF was set at 0°C, 6°C, and 12°C. The results indicated that chlorophyll a (Chl a) and chlorophyll b (Chl b) gradually increased as DIF rose. At 18°C T_m, the carotenoid content reached a maximum at 12°C DIF. The Chl a/Chl b, net photosynthetic rate (P_N), photosynthetic rate at irradiation saturation (P_max), stomatal conductance (g_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), stomatal limitation value, the maximum assimilation rate (A_max), apparent quantum efficiency (A_q), carboxylation efficiency (C_e), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), gibberellin A₃ (GA₃), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were highest, while malondialdehyde (MDA) was lowest at 6°C DIF. At 25°C T_m, P_N, P_max, A_max, A_q, C_e, g_s, C_i, CAT, POD, GA₃, IAA, and zeatin reached the maximum under 6°C DIF, while SOD and MDA reached the maximum under 12°C DIF. Furthermore, the morphological index peaked at 6°C DIF under 18°C and 25°C T_m. The results suggested that 6°C DIF improved the growth and development of tomato during the flowering stage. ABBREVIATIONS: Aq – apparent quantum efficiency; Amax – the maximum assimilation rate; CAT – Catalase; Chl a(b) – chlorophyll a(b); Ca – ambient CO₂ concentration; Ce – carboxylation efficiency; Ci – intercellular CO₂ concentration; DIF – difference between day temperature (TD) and night temperature(TN); FM – fresh mass; gs – stomatal conductance; GA₃ – gibberellin A₃; IAA – indole-3-acetic acid; Ls – stomatal limitation value; MDA – malondialdehyde; Pmax – photosynthetic rate at irradiation saturation; PN – net photosynthetic rate; POD – peroxidase; ROS – reactive oxygen species; SOD – superoxidedismutase; Tm – daily mean temperature; ZT – zeatin.     

1-MCP处理对美味猕猴桃果实采后生理生化变化的影响

研究不同浓度、不同时间的1-MCP处理对"金魁"美味猕猴桃采后生理生化变化的影响。结果表明:不同浓度、不同时间的1-MCP处理均可延缓果实硬度的下降,抑制乙烯的合成,推迟乙烯高峰和呼吸跃变的到来,并降低其峰值,且能较好地保持Vc含量,抑制总糖及可溶性固型物的上升。同时,1-MCP处理还有效地缓解了果胶的降解,抑制淀粉酶和果胶酶的活性。在贮藏后期,1-MCP处理果实保持了较高的SOD活性,并延缓了CAT活性高峰的出现,从而达到延缓果实后熟衰老的目的。实验表明:运用浓度为1.5μL/L的1-MCP进行12 h处理对猕猴桃果实的贮藏保鲜有较好的效果;而经1-MCP二次处理的果实贮藏保鲜效果则更佳。     

花生萌发期对低温胁迫的生理生化响应机制

为探讨不同花生品种低温胁迫下的萌发差异成因,为花生耐低温种植及抗冷性研究提供理论依据,本研究以耐低温品种豫花22号和中间耐性品种漯花16号以及低温敏感型品种泉花6号、鲁花11号为材料,测定不同温度处理条件下萌发相关的生理指标.结果显示,与CK相比,低温处理显著降低了各花生品种的露白率、发芽率、相对发芽率,不同抗性品种存...     

盐胁迫对菠菜幼苗抗性生理的研究

本文采用砂培法,研究了不同浓度的盐胁迫对菠菜幼苗叶绿素、丙二醛和脯氨酸含量以及SOD、POD、CAT等抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明：Na^＋低浓度（10、20mg／L）胁迫时,叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性都高于对照组;而在高浓度（〉40mg／L）条件下,酶的活性下降、叶绿素含量降低;随Na^＋胁迫浓度的增大,丙二醛含量呈上升趋势,表明脂质过氧化程度在增加;脯氨酸含量表现出持续增加,增强植株对盐的抗性。     

Silicon and salicylic acid promote different responses in legume plants

Abstract

The foliar application of silicon (Si) and salicylic acid (SA) can be beneficial to plants. However, there are doubts about the interaction of Si and SA in the physiology and yield of legume crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of Si and SA on the photosynthetic variables and yield of soybean and bean grains. The experiments were composed by four treatments: potassium silicate and stabilized sodium at a concentration of 3.6?g?L^?1 Si in the absence and presence of SA (210?mg?L^?1), only SA, and without Si or SA. The interaction of Si with foliar SA enhanced photosynthesis only in soybean; it did not affect the physiological variables of bean and did not alter the yield of the two crops. The results indicated that foliar Si application at high concentrations, independently of SA application, increased the physiological variables of the soybean without affecting the yield; however, the combined application of Si and SA had an adverse effect on the physiology and yield of bean.