Chemical composition and pharmacological activity of essential oil of Canarium schweinfurthii

The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the resin of Canarium schweinfurthii growing in Central African Republic, was analysed by GC and GC/MS and its analgesic and antiinflammatory effects were studied. The major constituents of the essential oil were octylacetate (60%) and nerolidol (14%). At the doses of 1, 2 and 3 ml/kg i.p. essential oil shows a significant analgesic effect using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate methods. However, its was unable to reduce inflammatory process in cotton pellet induced granuloma method.     

千年健镇痛抗炎药理研究

[目的]研究千年健药材水提物和醇提物的镇痛抗炎作用。[方法]采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀模型观察千年健的抗炎作用;冰醋酸致小鼠扭体试验观察千年健的镇痛作用。[结果]与正常对照组相比,千年健水提和醇提部位的高、低剂量组能明显降低小鼠耳廓的耳肿胀度,且有显著性差异(P<0.05);千年健水提和醇提部位的高、低剂量组能明显减少0.7%冰醋酸致小鼠的扭体反应次数,且有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。[结论]千年健药材具有良好的镇痛抗炎作用。     

复方牛山参口服液镇痛抗炎作用药化试验研究

[目的]为复方牛山参口服液的临床应用提供参考。[方法]以昆明种小白鼠为试验动物,10ml／kg生理盐水处理为空白对照,研究25ml／kg消炎痛及2．5、5．0、10、20g/kg复方牛山参口服液灌胃处理对小白鼠扭体反应和耳廓肿胀的影响,考察复方牛山参口服液镇痛抗炎作用的量效、时效关系。[结果]25ml／kg消炎痛及2．5、5．0、10、20g／kg复方牛山参口服液对小白鼠扭体次数的抑制率分别为81．73％、33．65％、38．46％、50．48％、76．73％,对小白鼠耳廓肿胀的抑制率分别为15．14％、6．23％、5．20％、18．20％、27．22％;5．0g／kg复方牛山参口服液灌胃处理0、1、2、3、6．5h后,扭体鼠发生率分别为50％、50％、10％、10％、0。[结论]复方牛山参口服液的镇痛作用较消炎痛稍差,但其对小白鼠耳廓肿胀的抑制作用优于消炎痛。     

Effect of the analgesic butorphanol on activity behaviour in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo)

During fattening, the bodyweight of modern broad-breasted turkeys increases considerably within a very short space of time. In particular, the breast muscles increase disproportionately. This leads to a disadvantageous distribution in weight, and as a consequence, to a disturbed leg position and skeletal deformations like antitrochanteric degeneration, tibial dyschondroplasia, bending, twisting and rotation of the tibia, osteochondrosis, osteomyelitis, rickets, and epiphyseolysis of the femoral head increases. This cases of degenerative joint disease cause severe pain in humans and there are indications that this is also true for turkeys. The purpose of this study was to determine if behaviour indicative of such pain in turkeys of the B.U.T. Big 6 breeding line could be attenuated by administering a quick-acting analgesic, butorphanol. Twelve pairs of turkeys were tested at the ages of 7 and 12 weeks. One bird in each pair received an analgesic opioid injection, while the other one received a control injection of physiologically balanced saline solution. The time the birds spent putting weight on their legs, i.e., 'walking' and 'standing' and the distance covered by the birds were recorded during the 30 min periods before and after the application of the drug. At week seven the treated birds spent significantly more time putting weight on their legs than control birds. At week 12, the same tendency was observed. No significant differences were found in the distances covered by the animals. It is concluded that fattening turkeys reduce the time they are putting weight on their legs because these behaviours may be associated with pain.     

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of the ethanolic extract and its fractions of Cleome rutidosperma

Oral administration of the ethanolic extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o) and its fractions (200 mg/kg each) of the aerial parts of Cleome rutidosperma produced significant analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion tests, anti-inflammatory effect against carrageenin induced inflammation and adjuvant induced polyarthritis and antipyretic activity against yeast-induced pyrexia. Fractionation of the ethanolic extract potentiated the activities.     

中药清温消热饮的抗炎镇痛活性研究

为了研究清温消热饮的抗炎、镇痛作用,选择清洁级昆明系小鼠144只作为试验对象,采用小鼠炎性肿胀、疼痛反应模型对其进行药效学综合分析,结果显示,清温消热饮对小鼠的耳廓肿胀和足趾肿胀的4 h抑制率分别为23%和59.34%,与西药对照组地塞米松治疗效果无差异性(P0.05),与空白对照组比较差异极显著(P0.01)。同时,清温消热饮组能延长小鼠疼痛反应时间和有效减少小鼠扭体反应次数,表现出与空白对照组显著差异(P0.01)。结果表明清温消热饮抗炎效果显著,并具有良好的镇痛作用,试验为该中药方剂的进一步研发提供了支持。     

Antinociceptive activity of Maytenus rigida stem bark

Ethanol extract of Maytenus rigida stem bark and its fractions were assessed for antinociceptive activity in tail-flick test in rats. The activity was located in the chloroform, ethyl acetate and aq.methanol fractions. Phytochemical screening revealed that catechin was the only common class of compounds present on the ethanol extract as well as on the active fractions. 4'-Methylepigallocatechin, isolated from the ethyl acetate and aq.methanol fractions, showed antinociceptive effect in the tail-flick test (75 mg/kg; p.o.), which was reversed by the opiate antagonist naloxone (3 mg/kg; i.p.).     

龙须菜镇痛抗炎药理试验研究

[目的]为龙须菜药用成分的提取及应用提供理论依据。[方法]以昆明种小白鼠（18~22 g）为试验动物,蒸馏水处理为空白对照,研究10 ml/kg复方阿司匹林（APC）和10、20 ml/kg龙须菜提取液灌胃处理对小白鼠疼痛和耳廓肿胀的影响。[结果]对照组、APC及10、20 ml/kg龙须菜提取液处理组小白鼠的痛阈值在处理前分别为29.67±7.49、31.67±5.31、28.57±5.39、32.52±5.58 s,处理后分别为28.50±5.45、44.50±4.45、42.43±3.91、58.31±3.17 s,扭体反应次数分别为22.0±0.8、13.0±7.2、9.3±4.1、4.4±1.1次,耳廓肿胀度分别为0.08595±0.01538、0.06318±0.01049、0.06407±0.01762、0.04630±0.01114。[结论]龙须菜提取液具有明显的镇痛抗炎作用,其镇痛效果在一定范围内与给药剂量成正比,低剂量龙须菜提取液的抗炎作用与APC相当,而高剂量提取液的抗炎作用优于APC。     

Effects of topical perineural capsaicin in a reversible model of equine foot lameness

Capsaicin is a local substance P depleter with dramatic analgesic effects. We tested the hypothesis that the topical application of capsaicin ointment over the palmar digital nerves would attenuate the clinical effects of a reversible model of equine foot lameness. Seven healthy adult horses shod unilaterally with adjustable heart bar shoes were studied in a crossover design for 2 weeks. Grade 5.0/5.0 lameness (nonweight bearing) was induced by tightening the adjustable heart bar shoe. One hour later, capsaicin ointment was applied over the medial and lateral palmar digital nerves 3 cm proximal to the coronary band, or horses were left untreated. One week later, treatment assignments were reversed, and the experiment was repeated. The heart rate was markedly lower in treated than in untreated trials at 20 and 40 minutes after capsaicin and between 1.6 and 3.6 hours after capsaicin (P < .05). The lameness score was markedly decreased in capsaicin-treated horses at 40 minutes and from 1.3 to 4 hours after treatment (P < .05). We conclude that the topical application of capsaicin ointment over the palmar digital nerves provided measurable pain relief for up to 4 hours after treatment (P < .05). The clinical application of this analgesic technique in horses with spontaneous clinical or induced laminitis or other sources of foot pain remains to be shown.     

Analgesic activity of Calotropis gigantea flower

The alcoholic extract of the flowers of Calotropis gigantea was administered orally and explored for its analgesic activity in chemical and thermal models in mice. In acetic acid induced writhing test, an inhibition of 20.97% and 43.0% in the number of writhes was observed at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively. In the hot plate method the paw licking time was delayed. The analgesic effect was observed after 30 min of dose administration which reached its maximum after 90 min.