畜禽养殖场消毒程序及消毒药物使用

消毒药物作用的发挥，必须使药物接触到病原微生物。如被消毒的现场存在大量粪便、饲料残渣．畜禽分泌物、体表脱落物等有机物，以及鼠粪、污水或其它污物，会使消毒药无法接触被掩盖的病原而丧失消毒作用；同时，消毒药物与有机物，尤其是与蛋白质有不同程度的亲和力，可结合成为不溶性的化合物，     

高CO2气调储藏对大米食用品质调控效应的研究

以W45号大米为试材,定量控制储藏环境中的O2和CO2浓度,研究10℃和30℃条件下,高浓度CO2储藏6个月对大米不溶性直链淀粉含量及蒸煮品质的影响。结果表明:在低温10℃、O2浓度8%条件下,高浓度CO2可有效抑制大米不溶性直链淀粉含量的增加,CO2浓度作用效果20%10%2%,其中20%CO2气调储藏大米的不溶性直链淀粉含量与初始值相比仅增加了9.39%,显著低于对照(不充气处理);在高温30℃、O2浓度8%条件下,高浓度CO2调控大米不溶性直链淀粉的效应不显著;在10℃、30℃温度储藏条件下,高CO2处理均可显著提高大米的蒸煮品质,抑制大米的加热吸水率,增加米汤可溶性固形物含量,CO2浓度越高效果越明显,其中20%CO2处理在10℃条件下加热吸水率比对照下降了12.71%,米汤可溶性固形物含量比对照增加了24.56%。     

白萝卜不溶性膳食纤维的酸法提取及其理化性质研究

以白萝 卜为原料,通过酸法提取不溶性膳食纤维,并对其抗氧化性和理化性质进行研究.结果表明:以0.1％柠檬酸为提取溶剂,液料比30∶1(mL/g),50℃水浴30 min,不溶性膳食纤维的DPPH·清除率最高,为65.33％.此提取条件下,不溶性膳食纤维得率为39.72％,且理化性质优良:持水力6.48 g/g,膨胀力4.4 mL/g,持油力2.12 g/g.     

北枳椇果渣不溶性膳食纤维的制备及其性能特性研究(英文)

对枳椇果渣不溶性膳食纤维(IDF)的化学法提取工艺、双氧水脱色工艺进行了研究,并对产品的营养成分和功能性质进行分析。通过单因素及正交试验确定最佳的化学法提取工艺为:以液料比为8∶1(mL∶g)、浓度为1.5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液,在20℃条件下处理40min后过滤,冲洗至中性,然后取滤渣转移至液料比为6∶1(mL∶g)、pH值2的硫酸溶液中,60℃下作用60min,冲洗至中性,干燥。不溶性膳食纤维的提取率为74.02%,质量分数由果渣中的62.62%(干基计)提高到84.97%;双氧水脱色的最佳工艺条件为:5%H2O2、pH值12、45℃、5h,在此条件下不溶性膳食纤维的白度由51.63%增加到60.21%;制备的膳食纤维产品的持水力由果渣中2.4g/g增加到4.3g/g、持油率由2.3mL/g增加到3.9mL/g、结合水力由2.6g/g增加到4.7g/g、膨胀力由2.8mL/g增加到4.6mL/g。     

橘皮中水不溶性膳食纤维提取工艺研究

研究了橘皮中水不溶性膳食纤维提取的工艺条件,并探讨了酶解温度、加酶量、料液比、碱液浓度、酶解时间对提取效果的影响。通过L16(45)正交试验确定了影响膳食纤维提取效果的最主要因素是料液比,并得出橘皮膳食纤维提取的最佳工艺条件:酶解温度60℃、加酶量0.4 g、料液比1∶10(g/mL)、碱液浓度0.25%、酶解时间120 min。     

Optimization of Bread Preparation from Wheat Flour and Malted Rice Flour

The feasibility of partially replacing wheat flour with malted rice flour in bread making was evaluated in several formulations, aiming to find a formulation for the production of malted rice-wheat bread with better nutritional quality and consumer acceptance. The whole grains of a local rice variety (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica var. Mottaikaruppan) were steeped in distilled water (12 h, 30°C) and germinated for 3 days to obtain high content of soluble materials and amylase activity in bread making. The quality of bread was evaluated by considering the physical and sensorial parameters. When the wheat flour was substituted with malted rice flour, 35% substitution level and the malted rice flour from 3 days of germination was the best according to the physical and sensory qualities of bread. The quality of bread was improved by the addition of 20 g of margarine, 20 g of baking powder and 20 g of yeast in 1 kg of flour. Among different ratios of yeast and baking powder, 2:1 was the best. Bread improver containing amylases and oxidizing agents at the concentration of 40 g/kg was selected as the best concentration. When comparing the final formulation made in the bakery with wheat bread, malted rice-wheat bread contains more soluble dietary fiber (0.62%), insoluble dietary fiber (3.95%), total dietary fiber (4.57%) and free amino acid content (0.64 g/kg) than those in wheat bread (0.5%, 2.73%, 3.23% and 0.36 g/kg, respectively).     

Comparison of acid-detergent lignin,alkaline-peroxide lignin,and acid-detergent insoluble ash as internal markers for predicting fecal output and digestibilily by caltie offered bermudagrass hays of varying nutrient composition

Background： The potential for acid-detergent insoluble ash （ADIA）, alkaline-peroxide lignin （APL）, and acid-detergent lignin （ADL） to predict fecal output （FO） and dry matter digestibility （DMD） by cattle offered bermudagrass [Cynodon doctylon （L） Pers.] hays of different qualities was evaluated. Eight ruminally cannulated cows （594 ± 35.5 kg） were allocated randomly to 4 hay diets： low （L）, medium low （ML）, medium high （MH）, and high （H） crude protein （CP） concentration （79, 111,131, and 164 g CP/kg on a DM basis, respectively）. Diets were offered in 3 periods with 2 diet replicates per period and were rotated across cows between periods. Cows were individually fed 20 g DM/kg of body weight in equal feedings at 08：00 and 16：00 h for a 10-d adaptation followed by a 5-d total fecal collection. Actual DM intake （DMI）, DMD, and FO were determined based on hay offered, ort, and feces excreted. These components were then analyzed for ADL, APL, and ADIA concentration to determine marker recovery and marker-based estimates of FO and DMD. Results： Forage DMI was affected by diet （P = 0.02）, and DMI from MH and H was greater （P 〈 0.05） than from L. Apparent DMD tended （P = 0.08） to differ among diets while FO （P = 0.20） was not affected by diet treatments. Average ADL recovery （1.16） was greater （P 〈 0.05） than that of ADIA （1.03） and APL （1.06）, but ADIA and APL did not differ （P = 0.42）. Estimates of FO and DMD derived using APL and ADIA were not different （P≥0.05） from total fecal collection while those using ADL differed （P 〈 0.05）. There was no diet by marker interaction （P≥ 0.22） for either FO or DMD. Conclusion： Acid-detergent insoluble ash and APL accurately predicted FO and DMD of cattle fed bermudagrass hay of varying nutrient composition. These internal markers may facilitate studies involving large numbers of animals and forages. Results from such studies may be used to develop improve     

化学法提取红枣渣中不溶性膳食纤维工艺研究

以红枣渣为原料,利用化学方法提取红枣渣中水不溶性膳食纤维(IDF),在单因素试验基础上采用正交实验研究了氢氧化钠浓度、料液比、提取温度及时间对红枣膳食纤维得率的影响,并进一步优化了提取工艺.结果表明:红枣渣中IDF的最佳提取工艺为:氢氧化钠浓度5％,料液比1∶4 g/mL,水浴温度50℃,水浴时间40 min,在该条件下红枣渣膳食纤维得率可达17.01％,此时产品呈淡黄色,无异味.     

响应面法优化残次枣中不溶性膳食纤维提取工艺

以残次哈密大枣为原料,采用酶重量法提取不溶性膳食纤维,在单因素试验的基础上,根据Box-Behnken中心组合实验设计原理,以不溶性膳食纤维得率为响应值,设计三因素三水平响应面分析试验,优化残次枣中不溶性膳食纤维的提取工艺参数,同时建立并分析各个因素与对应变量的数学模型。结果表明,提取残次枣不溶性膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件为:α-淀粉酶添加量0.5%,中性蛋白酶添加量0.6%,液料比27∶1,酶解温度50℃,酶解40 min。在此条件下,残次枣中不溶性膳食纤维得率可达13.04%。     

新鲜柿脱涩技术

1脱涩的原理柿果实内含有一种特殊的细胞,它的原生质里含有很多单宁物质,被称为单宁细胞。涩柿果实中的单宁,绝大多数以可溶性状态存在于单宁细胞内。当人们咬破果实后,部分单宁流出来,被唾液溶解,使人感到有强烈的涩味。甜柿果实中的单宁,绝大多数以不溶性状态存在,当人们咬破果实后,单宁不为唾液所溶解,所以不会感到有涩味。脱涩,就是将可溶性单宁变为不溶性单宁,并不是将单宁除去或减少,这种变化在单宁细胞内较容易进行。2脱涩的作用柿脱涩的作用大致分两种:直接作用和间接作用。2.1直接作用用酒精、石灰水、食盐等化学物质,渗入单宁细胞…