Study on Proliferation and Apoptosis of EBL Cells Induced by P48 Protein of Mycoplasma bovis

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of P48 protein on proliferation and apoptosis of embryonic bovine lung (EBL) cells.In this study,samples which co-incubated with P48 protein and EBL cells in different concentrations at different time points were collected,the proliferation rate of the cells was detected by MTT method,and the changes in the nuclear morphology of EBL cells were observed by DAPI staining method.Meanwhile,flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of EBL cells induced by P48 protein.Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the changes in mRNA level of apoptotic marker genes,and Western blotting tested the Bax and Beclin-1 protein expressions.The results showed that under the condition of 72 h and 10 μg/mL of protein concentration treatment,P48 extremely significantly inhibited EBL cells proliferation (P<0.01),while 0.1 and 0.5 μg/mL protein concentration had no inhibitory effect (P>0.05).The nuclear morphology showed no significant change after protein induction for 12 h,but wrinkled and condensed at 24 h.The nucleus was fragmented,and a sprouted apoptotic body was appeared at 48 and 72 h.Apoptosis related genes expression showed no obvious increase at 2 and 12 h at mRNA level,but gradually increased at 24,48 and 72 h,and it showed a time-dependent manner.Accordingly,the expression of apoptosis marker proteins Bax and Beclin-1 significantly increased.Flow cytometry analysis showed that the apoptosis rate of EBL cells induced by P48 protein was 48.44%.In conclusion,P48 recombinant protein of Mycoplasmas bovis inhibited the proliferation of EBL cells and promoted their apoptosis,which provided reference for revealing the pathogenic mechanism of Mycoplasmas bovis.     

Horizontal transmission and phylogenetic analysis of bovine leukemia virus in two districts of Miyazaki,Japan

Horizontal transmission is recognized as a major infection route for bovine leukemia virus (BLV), and cattle with high viral loads are considered to be a major infectious source in a herd. However, a correlation between viral loads and the risk of infection has been insufficient to use as a foundation for BLV control strategies. In this report, we examined the epidemiology of BLV infection and the infectious source in a local area. In 2013–2014, BLV infection was investigated in 1,823 cattle from 117 farms in two adjacent districts, Miyazaki, Japan. Seropositive samples for BLV were detected with 88 cattle and in 14 farms. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 94% of the isolates clustered into genotype I and the remaining isolate into genotype III. Among genotype I, genetically distinct strains were spread at each farm, and cattle infected with less than 3 copies/100 cells did not transmit BLV to other cattle for more than thirty months. This is the first report of concrete data of viral load in relation to viral horizontal transmission under the field condition. The data facilitate farmers and veterinarians understanding the status of BLV infected cattle. This research contributes to BLV infection control and the development of effective BLV eradication programs.     

牛支原体P48蛋白诱导EBL细胞增殖和凋亡的研究

试验旨在研究牛支原体P48蛋白对胎牛肺（embryonic bovine lung,EBL）细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。收集不同时间段、不同浓度P48蛋白与EBL细胞共孵育的样品,通过MTT法检测细胞增殖率;DAPI染核法观察EBL细胞核形态变化;流式细胞技术检测该蛋白诱导EBL细胞的凋亡率;实时荧光定量PCR检测凋亡标志物的mRNA相对表达变化;Western blotting方法检测Bax和Beclin-1蛋白表达水平。结果显示：当作用时间为72 h,P48蛋白浓度在10 μg/mL时,对EBL细胞增殖有极显著的抑制作用（P<0.01）,在0.1和0.5 μg/mL时对EBL细胞的增殖的抑制作用不显著（P>0.05）;经蛋白诱导12 h细胞核形态未有明显变化,24 h细胞核形态发生皱缩和凝聚,48和72 h细胞核发生碎裂;凋亡标志基因mRNA表达在2和12 h没有明显提高,在24、48、72 h有显著提高,与作用时间呈正相关,同时凋亡相关蛋白Bax和Beclin-1的表达随之显著提高。流式细胞技术结果显示P48蛋白诱导EBL细胞凋亡率为48.44%。综上表明,牛支原体P48重组蛋白能够抑制EBL细胞的增殖,促进细胞凋亡,为进一步揭示牛支原体的致病机制提供参考依据。     

The diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis

This paper reviews the clinical and virological diagnostic procedures for enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). The clinical diagnosis must be always confirmed by a specific laboratory test for Bovine Leukaemia Virus (BLV). Many virological tests were proposed. The sensitivity of all the diagnostic methods is sufficient to do an early detection of a BLV infection on an individual base. Advantages of the highly sensitive methods like RIA and ELISA appear when the samples to be tested have naturally very low antibody titers (individual milk, bulk milk, pooled sera).     

Seroprevalence of enzootic bovine leukosis in Trakya district (Marmara region) in Turkey

In this study, 481 cattle belonging to 77 farms from nine localities in Trakya district in the Marmara region of Turkey were blood sampled and serologically tested for enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). Antibodies to bovine leukosis virus (BLV) were detected in 51 cattle sera (11%) belonging to nine farms in five localities. Cattle tested were mostly female Holstein or Brown Swiss of ages ranging between 18 months and 10 years. Analysis of the relationships between age, breed or sex and seropositivity to EBL in seropositive herds indicated no significant associations (p>0.05). The relationship between seropositivity and haematological changes was also studied, and seropositive cattle had higher lymphocyte percentage and lower neutrophil percentage than seronegative cattle (p<0.001).