Effects of traditional salt placement and strategically placed mineral mix supplements on cattle distribution in the Western Italian Alps

Effects of traditional salt placement (TS) and strategically placed mineral mix supplements (MMS) on cattle distribution were compared in the Italian Alps. Salt was placed within flat and herbaceous sites following the traditional method of farmers, whereas MMS blocks were placed on steep and shrub‐encroached sites within three large pastures (44 ha on average). Each TS and MMS site was paired with a control site, and eleven cows were tracked with GPS collars. Within 10 and 50 m of TS and MMS, treatment sites were used more than control sites (P < 0·05). No differences were detected (P > 0·05) in the number of visits by cows within 10 and 50 m of TS and MMS placements. No differences were detected in time spent within 10 m of TS and MMS placements, but cows spent more time (P < 0·05) within 50 m of TS. With either TS or MMS, cattle preferred areas with gentler terrain, higher forage pastoral value and closer to water (P < 0·001). When MMS was available cattle also preferred areas near MMS (P < 0·001). Shrub and herbaceous cover decreased near MMS placements (P < 0·05) from cattle grazing and trampling. Placement of MMS is a promising tool to enhance cattle distribution and potentially reduce shrub encroachment in rugged mountain pastures.     

Non-traditional vectors for paralytic shellfish poisoning

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), due to saxitoxin and related compounds, typically results from the consumption of filter-feeding molluscan shellfish that concentrate toxins from marine dinoflagellates. In addition to these microalgal sources, saxitoxin and related compounds, referred to in this review as STXs, are also produced in freshwater cyanobacteria and have been associated with calcareous red macroalgae. STXs are transferred and bioaccumulate throughout aquatic food webs, and can be vectored to terrestrial biota, including humans. Fisheries closures and human intoxications due to STXs have been documented in several non-traditional (i.e. non-filter-feeding) vectors. These include, but are not limited to, marine gastropods, both carnivorous and grazing, crustacea, and fish that acquire STXs through toxin transfer. Often due to spatial, temporal, or a species disconnection from the primary source of STXs (bloom forming dinoflagellates), monitoring and management of such non-traditional PSP vectors has been challenging. A brief literature review is provided for filter feeding (traditional) and non-filter feeding (non-traditional) vectors of STXs with specific reference to human effects. We include several case studies pertaining to management actions to prevent PSP, as well as food poisoning incidents from STX(s) accumulation in non-traditional PSP vectors.     

丽水莲都区大港头镇茶产业发展现状及对策建议

茶叶产业是丽水市莲都区大港头镇的农业主导产业,文章在分析大港头镇产业发展优势及存在问题基础上,提出构建茶叶绿色发展基地、推动茶业全产业链建设、注重茶旅融合、加大宣传推介、提升科技水平等方面对策建议,促进大港头镇茶产业转型升级,做优做强.     

Diversity of non‐structural carbohydrates in grasses (Poaceae) from Brazil

Non‐structural carbohydrates (NSC) are the primary energy available for growth and dry‐mass production in forage grasses. They are also associated with tolerance to environmental stresses, including drought. Soluble carbohydrates, especially fructans of temperate forage grasses, have been extensively studied; however, little is known about NSC of tropical grasses. These plants are abundant in the Cerrado, a savanna‐like vegetation with a definite seasonality in rainfall distribution. Such an environment presents an ideal condition for the occurrence of fructans. However, the present analysis of carbohydrates in aerial parts of twenty‐four tropical grass species, mainly from the Panicoideae subfamily in the Cerrado, shows a distinctively different NSC profile when compared with temperate grasses. Free glucose and starch are common NSC found in most plant organs. However, free fructose and sucrose‐based oligosaccharides were only found in very low amounts. Sucrose was detected in higher amounts only in stems. A linear series of malto‐oligosaccharides was found in leaf blades, sheaths and stems of most of the Cerrado grasses, except for those from the Andropogoneae tribe. These results indicate a diversity of regulatory pathways of NSC metabolism in tropical forage grasses from the Cerrado.     

长输油气管道经济寿命测算

油气管道运行寿命按其性质分为设计寿命、物理寿命和经济寿命,经济寿命的确定方法包括年均成本最小法和费用效益法,而费用效益法又包括年均利润最大法和总体收益分析法。年均成本最小法主要适用于成本中心和收入状况比较稳定或收入受计划控制而偏重成本控制的人为利润中心;费用效益法主要从运行效益的角度,根据经营者的承受程度和偏好,给出不同的经济运行参考年限。基于东北管网某管道的实际数据选用年均成本最小法和年均利润最大法,分别从全寿命周期和剩余寿命期两个视角,采用动态计算法,对该管道进行经济寿命测算,取得了具有参考价值的评估结果。     

河豚的食用安全性及营养价值研究进展

阐述了河豚食用安全性,以及国内外对河豚鱼肉、肝脏和精巢营养价值的研究现状,以期为养殖低毒或无毒的河豚、科学地利用河豚资源及开放河豚市场提供参考。     

泰山赤鳞鱼的核型研究(英文)

[目的]研究泰山赤鳞鱼的核型。[方法]以稀有物种泰山赤鳞鱼的头肾细胞为实验材料对其染色体数目和核型进行了分析。[结果]泰山赤鳞鱼染色体的数目是50,核型是2n=50,16m+14sm+20t,NF=80,没有发现性染色体。[结论]这是首次关于泰山赤磷鱼核型分析的报道。     

Constructing the Ontology for Modeling the Fish Production in Pearl River Basin

This paper puts forward a construction method based on ontology for the Pearl River Basin fish production,to facilitate the domain knowledge analysis and information retrieval.By converting the concept...     

底栖鱼类对水田土壤微生物的扰动效应（摘要）

[目的]研究底栖鱼类泥鳅对水田土壤微生物（区系、生物量、生理群）的扰动效应。[方法]通过田间定位定量试验,采用平板表面涂抹法和稀释法进行分析。[结果]试验水田的土壤微生物区系组成中,细菌数量最多,其次是放线菌和真菌。养鱼水田的细菌、放线菌和真菌数量均高于对照水田,分别达到显著（P〈0.05）、极显著（P〈0.01）、极显著差异水平（P〈0.01）。养鱼水田的土壤微生物生物量C和N明显高于对照水田,均达到极显著差异水平（P〈0.01）;养鱼水田的土壤微生物生物量P也高于对照水田,但并未达到显著差异水平（P〉0.05）。底栖鱼类促进了土壤固氮菌、纤维素分解菌、硝化细菌、硫化细菌和氨化细菌的生长,抑制了反硝化细菌和反硫化细菌的繁殖。[结论]底栖鱼类对水田土壤微生物区系、生物量和生理群具有重要影响,改善了土壤微生物的生存条件,提高了土壤肥力和生化活性,有助于增加土壤N、P、S等养分元素的供给能力和养分利用效率。     

豹纹鳃棘鲈仔、稚、幼鱼的形态观察

参照鮨科鱼类胚后发育时期划分的一般方法,结合豹纹鳃棘鲈的形态特征将其胚后发育时期划分为仔鱼期（分卵黄囊期仔鱼和后期仔鱼）、稚鱼期和幼鱼期,并对各时期的形态特征进行了描述。记录了各时期的形态特征,豹纹鳃棘鲈体型修长,幼鱼通体红色,在鱼体上有数列排列整齐的蓝色或黑色斑点;在早期发育阶段第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的绝对平均长度可达13．12mm和10．19mm,而臀鳍发育较慢,当腹鳍棘和第二背鳍棘开始回收时其臀鳍棘才开始长出。