红池坝人工草地放牧方式和放牧强度的研究

在红池坝人工草地对放牧方式和放牧强度进行比较研究,同时对已给定的载畜量加以验证,以便制定该草地的最适放牧制度。研究结果表明,适于该地区的放牧管理制度是划区轮牧;各个阶段的载畜量与牧草生长速度之间的关系可用数学模型表示为:Y=179.5＋5.48X,在每公顷7.5个绵羊单位的载畜量下进行中度放牧强度可获得草地最大产草量,并保持其稳定。     

In vitro evaluation of metacarpophalangeal joint loading during simulated walk

Reasons for performing study: Insight into the loading pattern of the articular cartilage surface during the complete stride is important as biomechanical factors play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of joint trauma and osteoarthritis (OA). Objectives: To determine the loading pattern in the equine MCP articulation in vitro during simulated walk. Methods: Eight cadaveric limbs from mature Dutch Warmblood horses were loaded in a pneumatic loading device in 6 different positions (A1‐A6). The pressure distribution on the articular surface of the proximal phalanx (P1) was measured at 7 sites (S1‐7) using intra‐articularly placed pressure sensitive films, which were analysed by scanning and densitometry. Results: Pressures recorded after mid‐stance (A4, 5, 6) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those before (A1, 2, 3) and showed the biphasic loading pattern of the walk at all sites, except for the site halfway along the sagittal groove (S7). At S7, there was a linear increase in pressure during the progress of the stance phase of the stride in most horses. Medially (S4, 5, 6) the pressure was significantly higher than laterally (S1, 2, 3) (P<0.05). Conclusions and potential relevance: The heavier medial loading coincides with the location where articular cartilage degeneration in the process of OA in the equine MCP joint is known to start. The discrepancy between the loading of the central groove and the other parts of the joint may result in large stress differences at the end of the stance phase, which might be related to the pathogenesis of stress fractures in the first phalanx and distal third metacarpal bone.     

36个燕麦品种不同部位养分分布格局

分析了天祝高寒草甸区36种不同饲用燕麦(Avena sativa)叶片、籽粒和茎秆中的水分、灰分、粗蛋白、可溶性糖、粗脂肪、磷、钙、粗纤维、中性纤维和酸性纤维含量的分布特征。结果显示:36个燕麦品种叶片中水分、灰分、粗蛋白、可溶性糖和钙含量显著高于籽粒和茎秆(P0.05),平均值分别为6.36%、9.28%、19.82%、13.71%和0.25%;籽粒中粗脂肪和磷含量显著高于叶片和茎秆(P0.05),平均值分别为:4.48%和0.25%;茎秆中粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量显著高于叶片和种子(P0.05),平均值分别为35.62%、65.18%和56.40%。总之,36种燕麦不同部位的营养价值高低依次为叶片籽粒茎秆。     

Molecular cloning,chromosomal localization and expression pattern of porcine ADP‐ribosylation factor(Arf) gene family

Adenosine diphosphate‐ribosylation factors (Arfs) are a family of guanosine triphosphate‐binding proteins involved in fundamental biological processes including secretion, endocytosis, phagocytosis, cytokinesis, cell adhesion and tumor cell invasion. We report here the molecular cloning, chromosome localization and expression analysis of porcine Arf1–6, of which Arf1–3 (Class I) have >93% similarity to each other and encode nearly similar proteins with 181 amino acids in length. Arf4 and Arf5 (Class II) are 78–81% homologous to Class I Arfs and both encode a protein of 180 amino acids, Arf6 (Class III) shows 64–68% homology to the other Arfs and encodes 175 amino acids. With radiation hybrid mapping, porcine Arf1–6 are assigned to chromosomes 14q21‐q22, 12p14, 5p12‐q11, 13q21.1, 18q24, 1q21‐q27, respectively. Moreover, real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR assays show that porcine Arf1‐6 are ubiquitous in all tissues examined, with the highest levels in the kidney and stomach and the lowest in muscle and the heart. This is the first report of molecular characterization of the Arf gene family in pigs.     

豫西地区小尾寒羊的饲养方式及农户适度饲养规模的研究

本文采用典型调查法 ,就小尾寒羊在豫西地区的饲养方式及农户适度饲养规模进行了评定。结果表明 ,在海拔 40 0 m以下的丘陵地区或牧坡陡峭的山区宜采用舍饲 ,在丘陵和浅山区宜采用半舍饲的饲养方式。根据对比分析 ,豫西地区农户小尾寒羊的最佳饲养规模为每个劳动力可平均饲养成年母羊 4～ 6只 ,其年末最佳存栏量为 2～ 3只成年母羊     

高原牛羊胃肠道线虫驱治模式研究

根据高原地区＂春乏＂期间,牛、羊因胃肠道线虫病引起死亡严重的突出情况,自列项目,在全州范围划为三大区域,以项目区为中心,在牛、羊发病率和死亡率相对高的乡（镇）、村设点,将93330头（只）牛、羊分为三个组,作为高原地区牛、羊胃肠道线虫病防治技术模块,结果3个试验组用药前胃肠道寄生虫感染率均为100%,早晨在放牧前投喂赛爱吉夏结、克虫特和丙硫苯咪唑等药物后,7 d粪检EPG,虫卵转阴率和虫卵减少数均为100%。间隔7 d重复驱虫1次,防治效果显著。有计划的用驱虫药丙硫咪唑,克虫特、伊维菌素。在每年春季2~3月,秋季8~9月份进行两次驱虫。可提高牛、羊有机体的免疫力,降低牛、羊胃肠道线虫病的发病率和死亡率,减轻对养殖业的危害。     

我国蚕茧生产成本变化的实证分析

以时间和空间为维度,梳理了1991～2010年间我国蚕茧生产成本资料,从蚕茧生产成本与蚕农收益的关系、蚕茧生产成本波动及成本结构的变化、7个蚕茧主产省(区)的蚕茧生产成本比较、蚕茧与其它农作物的比较效益等方面进行实证分析。结果表明:蚕茧生产成本变化与养蚕收益的变化有密切关系;全国蚕茧生产成本在1991～2010年明显呈现出"谷—峰—谷—峰"的变化特征;蚕茧生产总成本中人工费用占比明显高于物质费用;7个蚕茧主产省(区)的蚕茧生产成本相比较,四川省的生产成本最低,陕西省最高;与其它竞争作物蔬菜、水果、棉花相比,蚕茧生产成本依旧相对较高,比较效益较低。创新省力化养蚕技术及培育高产蚕、桑新品种,提高蚕农收益,是保障蚕丝业可持续发展的关键。     

内蒙古多伦县景观格局动态变化分析

根据内蒙古多伦县2000年TM影像和2008年SPOT5影像及地面调查资料,在ArcGIS和ERDAS等软件支持下,获得多伦县2期景观类型数据,并运用景观生态学原理与方法,分析了多伦县2000-2008年景观格局动态变化,以期为多伦县土地资源的合理规划与利用提供决策依据,也为荒漠化治理提供理论依据。结果表明:林地面积增长最快,增长了12.09倍,年变化率为1.51%,优势度指数增加明显,破碎度指数和分维数减小;沙地面积减小最为明显,减小了16107 hm²,占2000年沙地总面积的85.1%,年变化率为0.11%,随着斑块数量的增加破碎度指数呈增加趋势,沙地景观类型重心向西北方向转移21.13 km。草地斑块数呈减少趋势,但是斑块面积增加了36150 hm²,占2000年草地总面积的16.4%。综上所述,表明多伦县生态环境趋于良性发展。     

不同蛋白源饲粮下断奶仔猪小肠中增食欲素受体2的表达特征

为探讨不同蛋白源饲粮对断奶仔猪小肠中增食欲素受体2（HCRTR2）的表达特征,研究采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测HCRTR2的mRNA在断奶后分别饲喂动物蛋白替代30％总蛋白饲粮（处理1）及全植物性蛋白饲粮（处理2）0、3、7、14日龄大约克猪空肠中的表达特征。结果表明,不同蛋白源饲粮对日CR豫2基因mRNA的表达均有影响;与断奶0日龄相比．在处理1中,断奶3、7和14日龄时,HCRTR2的表达分别上升了4.30、6．60和4．12倍;处理2中,断奶3、7、14日龄HCRTR2基因mRNA的表达量分别为断奶0日龄时的0．71、1．44和4．50倍。结论：不同蛋白源饲粮对HCRTR2基因mRNA的表达均有影响。     

金玉818青贮玉米接茬花溪芜菁甘蓝种植模式研究

为了提高土地复种指数,增加贵州省大方县农民收入,进行了金玉818青贮玉米接茬花溪芜菁甘蓝的种植模式研究。研究结果表明,该种植模式在大方县的种植效果较好,其纯收入可达到27517.50元/hm2。