墨西哥湾扇贝初级卵母细胞发育及卵黄发生超微结构的初步研究

采用电子显微镜术,研究了墨西哥湾扇贝Argopecten irradians concentricus的初级卵母细胞发育和卵黄发生。结果表明,墨西哥湾扇贝初级卵母细胞的发育可分为卵黄合成前期、卵黄合成期和成熟期;5种细胞器,即线粒体、高尔基液泡、糙面内质网、多泡小体和微吞饮泡参与了初级卵母细胞卵黄颗粒的形成,其中,线粒体和高尔基液泡是形成卵黄颗粒的主要胞器。卵黄物质的来源有内源性和外源性两种方式,外源性卵黄物质主要来自消化腺中贮存的营养。另外,研究发现核膜泡可能参与了多泡小体的形成。     

细鳞鱼的卵黄发生

从发育生物学—卵黄发生角度,通过光镜和透射电镜对细鳞鱼(Brachymystax lenok)卵黄发生进行观察。结果表明,细鳞鱼的卵黄发生主要集中在初级卵母细胞阶段完成,可分为4个特征时期:初级生长期,皮质泡期,卵黄积累期,卵黄积累完成期。当卵母细胞进入初级生长早期,卵子发生特征物——类核周体出现;进入皮质泡期,其主要特征是皮质泡、卵黄外膜和巴尔比亚尼体结构;处于卵黄积累期,位于其外周细胞质附近会出现卵黄颗粒;进入卵黄积累完成期,卵黄颗粒不断融合增大,占据细胞绝大部分。以上结果为细鳞鱼的卵巢发育分期提供了理论基础,并深入探讨其发育的规律性、特殊性和复杂性,从而指导细鳞鱼的人工繁殖、选育种工作及野生群体的资源保护和合理利用。     

Dynamics of glucose in the haemolymph of female giant freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii,influences reproductive and non‐reproductive moulting cycles

Glucose, when measured in haemolymph, has been found to reflect a useful predictor of energetic investment. This study evaluated the pattern of glucose in the haemolymph, with an attempt to gain a better insight into the role of glucose as nutritional source of ovarian development and energy reserves during reproductive and non‐reproductive moulting cycles. The haemolymph of female giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, was obtained at eight different moulting stages, and levels of glucose were determined using an enzymatic colorimetric glucose‐oxidase method in parallel with a histological examination of ovarian development. Glucose levels were relatively low (0.15 ± 0.02 mg mL^?1) at D₀ stage, an abrupt increase (0.52 ± 0.13 mg mL^?1) during premoult D₁ stage and declined (0.32 ± 0.10 and 0.31 ± 0.09 mg mL^?1) during premoult D₂ and D₃ stages, respectively; thereafter, a slight increase (0.43 ± 0.09 mg mL^?1) occurred at post‐moult A stage. The progression of ovarian growth, marked by an increasing gonadosomatic index (GSI) pattern during the reproductive moulting cycle (C₀–D₃ stages), was directly proportionate to fluctuations in glucose levels. GSI was significantly positively correlated with glucose (R = 0.40; P < 0.05). In contrast, glucose was notably higher at post‐moult A and premoult D₂ stages during non‐reproductive moulting cycle, the period during which glucose is crucial for exoskeletal chitin synthesis. At this particular stage, a negative correlation between body weight and glucose (R = ?0.36; P < 0.05) was observed. The dynamics of glucose in the haemolymph of female M. rosenbergii correlated with ovarian growth, which signify that glucose as nutritional source for vitellogenesis, and affects the body weight of this species.     

中华绒螯蟹卵黄发生期卵母细胞和卵泡细胞超微结构观

通过透射电镜技术观察了中华绒螯蟹第二次卵巢发育过程中卵巢的超微结构变化。结果表明：（1）中华绒螯蟹第二次卵巢发育过程中卵黄发生期可分为初期和后期;（2）卵黄发生初期（雌蟹第一次排卵后的16 d内）,卵黄生成以卵母细胞内源性合成为主,此时卵母细胞胞质中存在大量内质网囊泡、高尔基体和线粒体,这些细胞器参与胞内卵黄物质的合成。内源性合成后期,卵母细胞膜形态多样,呈现触手状、波浪状和断裂状,为外源合成期做准备。此期卵泡细胞还未向卵母细胞靠近,两类细胞间存在着由淋巴细胞吐出的絮状物;（3）卵黄发生后期,首先为卵泡细胞与卵母细胞的结合阶段（排卵后16~21 d）,此后,卵泡细胞胞质中含有大量内质网囊泡、卵黄颗粒和脂滴,卵母细胞与卵泡细胞膜变为链珠状便于物质交换,卵母细胞的卵黄合成能力减少,转由卵泡细胞进行外源性物质吸收和卵黄物质合成（21~36 d）;（4）卵黄发生结束后,双层卵膜形成,卵黄体和脂肪滴均匀分布在卵母细胞胞质中。     

Cloning of estrogen receptor-β cDNA of common Japanese conger Conger myriaster and expression of the gene during oocyte development

ABSTRACT:   Estrogen receptor (ER) cDNA was cloned from the liver of common Japanese conger Conger myriaster . Common Japanese conger ER cDNA contains 2543 nucleotides including an open reading frame that encodes 596 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 66.1 kDa. The deduced amino-acid sequence of the common Japanese conger ER shares 85% identity with that of eel Anguilla japonica ER-β, and 39–46% and 53–59% identity with the deduced sequences of ER-α and ER-β of other species, respectively. In a phylogenetic analysis, the common Japanese conger ER was found to cluster with the ER-β of other species. The common Japanese conger ER-β also has six domains (A–F), which are conserved in the nuclear receptor superfamily. The amino-acid sequences in the C and E domains were highly conserved between common Japanese conger ER-β and other ER. However, the other domains showed low homology. In the female common Japanese conger, ER-β mRNA was highly expressed in the liver and pituitary gland. The expression levels of the ER-β gene increased from the oil droplet stage to the primary yolk globule stage and were maintained until the migratory nucleus stage.     

成虫营养和交配对蝶蛹金小蜂卵巢发育与卵黄发生的影响

为明确不同因子对蝶蛹金小蜂雌蜂生殖生理的影响,采用ELISA法测定血淋巴中卵黄原蛋白(Vg)和卵巢内卵黄磷蛋白(Vt)的含量,研究成虫取食蔗糖和蜂蜜水及提供雄蜂交配对该蜂卵巢发育和卵黄发生的影响.结果表明,该蜂卵巢在羽化后24 h内发育较慢,卵巢管内无成熟卵,而在羽化24h后卵巢快速发育,卵巢管内出现成熟卵.雌蜂取食蜂蜜水,血淋巴中Vg含量在羽化后72h达到最高,约为0.78μg,同时卵巢内Vt含量也达到最高,约为5.8μg.雌蜂取食蔗糖水,血淋巴中Vg含量在羽化后30 h达到最高,约为0.62μg,卵巢内Vt的含量在羽化后96 h达到最高,约为5.6μg.而对照雌蜂(取食蒸馏水)血淋巴中Vg含量在羽化后24h达到最高,约为0.58μg,卵巢内Vt含量在羽化后48 h达到最高,约为4.5μg.此外,取食蔗糖水可以延长雌蜂寿命并促进卵巢发育,但对Vg的合成与摄取均无显著影响;取食蜂蜜水,不仅能延长雌蜂寿命,还对卵黄发生和卵巢发育起显著促进作用,尤其在卵黄发生的后期,达极显著水平.交配未能显著促进该蜂的卵黄发生.     

Mode of action of methoprene in affecting female reproduction in the African malaria mosquito,Anopheles gambiae

BACKGROUND: One of the most studied actions of juvenile hormone (JH) is its ability to modulate ecdysteroid signaling during insect development and metamorphosis. Previous studies in mosquitoes showed that 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) regulates vitellogenin synthesis. However, the action of JH and its mimics, e.g. methoprene, on female reproduction of mosquitoes remains unknown. RESULTS: Here, a major malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae Giles, was used as a model insect to study the action of methoprene on female reproduction. Ecdysteroid titers and expression profiles of ecdysone‐regulated genes were determined before and after a blood meal. An ecdysteroid peak was detected at 12 h post blood meal (PBM). The maximum expression of ecdysone‐regulated genes, such as ecdysone receptor (EcR), hormone receptor 3 (HR3) and vitellogenin (Vg) gene, coincided with the ecdysteroid peak. Interestingly, topical application of methoprene at 6 h PBM delayed ovarian development and egg maturation by suppressing the expression of ecdysone‐regulated genes in female mosquitoes. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that ecdysteroid titers are correlated with Vg synthesis, and methoprene affects vitellogenesis by modulating ecdysteroid action in A. gambiae. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

日粮精氨酸水平对蛋鸭卵泡膜血管形成相关基因及蛋白表达的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮精氨酸（Arg）水平对蛋鸭卵泡膜血管形成相关基因及蛋白表达的影响。试验选用健康、体重相近的15周龄龙岩山麻鸭396只,随机分为3组,每个组6个重复,每个重复22只,地面平养。试验蛋鸭饲喂不添加Arg的基础日粮（含0.66%精氨酸）2周后,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0、0.4%、0.8% L-精氨酸盐酸盐（L-Arg·HCl）的试验日粮,其Arg水平分别为0.66%、1.06%和1.46%,试验期17周。结果显示：①1.06%和1.46% Arg组试验蛋鸭血浆低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）、卵巢一氧化氮（NO）浓度均显著高于0.66% Arg组（P < 0.05）。②与0.66% Arg相比,1.06%、1.46% Arg组显著上调了试验蛋鸭F2优势卵泡膜同源结构域相互作用蛋白激酶2（HIPK2）mRNA表达水平。而1.46% Arg试验蛋鸭F2优势卵泡膜血管生成素1（Ang1）mRNA表达水平显著高于0.66%、1.06% Arg组（P < 0.05）。③与0.66% Arg相比,1.06%、1.46% Arg组著上调了试验蛋鸭F2优势卵泡膜HIPK2及转化生长因子β1（TGFβ1）蛋白表达水平（P < 0.05）。综上所述,日粮1.46% Arg（在基础日粮中添加0.8% L-Arg·HCl）可通过激活TGFβ信号通路关键因子TGFβ1和HIPK2促进龙岩山麻鸭F2优势卵泡膜血管的形成,增加血流量,促进其优势卵泡的卵黄沉积。