梅花鹿源牛病毒性腹泻病毒分离株油剂灭活苗的制备和免疫效果观察

为了探索有效防制鹿黏膜病的方法,对从吉林省长春市双阳区梅花鹿流产胎儿肝脏病料中分离出的牛病毒性腹泻病毒灭活后制备成油剂灭活苗,免疫接种试验动物后,检测其体液免疫和细胞免疫水平,结果表明,梅花鹿源牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)分离株油剂灭活苗既能产生特异性体液免疫,又可以产生细胞免疫应答。     

山羊痘病毒ORF8～ORF18缺失重组毒株的构建和鉴定

本研究旨在通过敲除山羊痘病毒(GTPV)大段基因组片段尝试构建安全性更好的基因工程减毒株和病毒表达载体.采用PCR方法,克隆了GTPV AV41株基因组ORF7～ORF8间1 242 bp的基因片段,以及ORF18～ORF19间1 355 bp的片段.接着分别以上述2片段作为左、右侧同源重组臂,构建了包含报道基因EGFP和抗性基因gpt的GTPV重组转移载体pCF-Eg.然后采用脂质体介导法,将重组转移载体pCF-Eg与GTPV AV41株共转染原代羊睾丸细胞,通过空斑纯化筛选阳性重组病毒,并鉴定重组病毒的遗传稳定性和生长特性.结果成功获得1株敲除掉ORF8～ORF18间9个ORF、长达7 kb基因组片段的重组病毒vCF-Eg.该重组病毒能稳定表达绿色荧光蛋白至少10代,并且其增殖滴度与亲本毒株基本相同.表明上述区域是GTPV的复制非必需区.     

Validation of a bulk tank milk antibody ELISA to detect dairy herds likely infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus in New Zealand

AIMS: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of a bulk tank milk (BTM) antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect likely infection of a dairy herd with bovine vi- ral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). The ELISA was subsequently used to estimate the prevalence of likely infected herds in parts of the North Island of New Zealand.

METHODS: BTM samples from 724 randomly selected dairy herds in the Waikato, Bay of Plenty and Northland regions of New Zealand were tested for BVDV antibodies. From this group, 20 herds were again randomly selected from each of the quartiles of the ELISA percentage inhibition (%INH) result. From each participant herd, serum from 15 randomly selected calves aged 6–18 months and 15 cows was collected and tested using an indirect blocking ELISA for BVDV antibodies.

RESULTS: Among serum results from calves from 50 herds available for analysis, 34 (68%) herds were classified as likely non-infected (0-3 seropositive among 15 calves) and 16 (32%) as likely infected (5–15 seropositive among 15 calves). Receiver- operator characteristic (ROC) analysis identified an optimal cut-off for BTM of 80%INH associated with 81% sensitivity and 91% specificity for likely herd infection. The prevalence of BVDV antibodies in cows within herds and %INH for BVDV in bulk milk were positively correlated (p<0.01). The association between bulk milk %INH and the prevalence of BVDV antibodies in calves was stronger than the same association in cows. Based on the threshold of 80%INH, the 95% confidence interval (CI) for prevalence of likely infection in the 724 herds in the Waikato, Bay of Plenty and Northland regions of New Zealand was 12–17%. Vaccination against BVDV was not significantly associated with the likely infection status of the herd based on prevalence of BVDV antibodies among calves.

CONCLUSION: An ELISA test result for BVDV antibodies in BTM ≥80%INH can be used as a threshold to indicate the presence of likely infection with BVDV in dairy herds in New Zealand, with 81% sensitivity and 91% specificity.     

北京地区规模化奶牛场牛病毒性腹泻病血清学调查

对北京郊区6个未进行牛病毒性腹泻病（BVD）免疫牛场的546份奶牛血清样品,使用牛病毒性腹泻抗体ELISA试剂盒进行检测,并对其中3个牛群进行牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）血清抗原筛查。共检出阳性血清514份,总阳性率94.1%,其中5个牛场的场内血清抗体阳性率在95%以上。牛病毒性腹泻持续性感染牛（PI牛）筛查的3个牛群均有阳性牛检出。结果表明,北京地区规模化奶牛场存在牛病毒性腹泻感染和接触史,应采取净化措施进行控制。     

RNA干扰及其抗口蹄疫病毒复制的研究进展

RNA干扰（RNA interference,RNAi）是指由双链RNA（double strand RNA,dsRNA）介导的序列特异性RNA降解作用。已经证明,在植物和昆虫细胞中RNAi是其主要的抗病毒机制,但迄今为止,几乎没有发现哺乳动物细胞感染病毒后能自发诱导有效的抗病毒RNAi反应。为此,通过人工方法在哺乳动物细胞中建立有效的抗病毒RNAi便成了国内外学者孜孜探索的重要抗病毒策略之一。目前,RNAi的分子机制及其功能仍然有待更加深入地研究与阐明,但它作为一种反向遗传学手段已经在基因组结构与功能研究中得到广泛运用,不仅在抗多种哺乳动物病毒的研究方面取得了令人振奋的结果,而且已作为一种治疗策略运用于人类抵抗重大遗传性和病毒性疾病的研究当中。笔者对RNAi的分子机制,及其抗口蹄疫病毒复制的相关研究进展作了有关介绍。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒石河子株E2基因的克隆及其表达载体的构建

应用RT-PCR方法从牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)新疆石河子分离株中扩增了E2基因,命名Shihezi 148(GenBank登录号:EU159699),扩增序列分析结果表明:Shihezi 148 E2基因长度为1121 bp,编码373个氨基酸残基;同源性分析表明,Shihezi 148与澳大利亚Bega株E2基因核苷酸同源性为88.32%,与中国changchun 184株的同源性为74.42%;通过基因重组技术构建了去除C端跨膜区的截短E2基因的原核表达载体pProEX HTa-E2和包括信号肽和全长E2蛋白的真核重组质粒pVAX1-E2。经过PCR、酶切及测序结果表明pProEX HTa-E2和pVAX1-E2重组表达载体构建成功。     

Serologic and molecular survey for major viral pathogens in grazing hybrid wild boars in Northeast China

Hybrid wild boar husbandry is an important component of livestock production in Northeast China. However, the current disease situation of these animals is largely unknown due to a lack of disease surveillance. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of several important viral diseases in the hybrid wild boar population of Northeast China. Between September 2015 to December 2016, 169 blood and 61 tissue samples were collected from apparently healthy hybrid wild boars from farms in Jilin, Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang provinces. ELISA detected serum antibodies against classical swine fever virus(CSFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV), pseudorabies virus(PRV), porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2) and Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV), but not against African swine fever virus(ASFV), with PCV2 having the highest seropositive rate(87.2–100% in different farms). RT-PCR or PCR performed on the processed samples detected only PCV2, with 33.1%(56/169) of blood samples and 32.8%(20/61) of spleen samples being positive, respectively, indicating widespread PCV2 infection in hybrid wild boars. Phylogenetic analysis of 15 PCV2 ORF2 sequences showed that they belong to genotypes PCV2a, PCV2b and PCV2d, with nucleotide and deduced amino acid homologies of 88.5–100% and 88.1–100%, respectively.     

Identification of the strain-specifically truncated nonstructural protein 10 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in infected cells

The nonstructural protein 10 (nsp10) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) encodes for helicase which plays a vital role in viral replication. In the present study, a truncated form of nsp10, termed nsp10a, was found in PRRSV-infected cells and the production of nsp10a was strain-specific. Mass spectrometric analysis and deletion mutagenesis indicated that nsp10a may be short of about 70 amino acids in the N terminus of nsp10. Further studies by rescuing recombinant viruses showed that the Glu-69 in nsp10 was the key amino acid for nsp10a production. Finally, we demonstrated that nsp10a exerted little influence on the growth kinetics of PRRSV in vitro.     

具有两类靶细胞的病毒感染模型的全局稳定性

研究了具有两类靶细胞和CTL免疫应答与抗体免疫反应的时滞病毒感染模型的动力学行为.模型描述了病毒和两类细胞的相互作用：CD4＋T淋巴细胞与巨噬细胞.通过构造适当的Lyapunov泛函,使用LaSalle不变性原理,证明了CD4＋T淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞的基本再生总数R0、CTL免疫再生数R1、抗体免疫再生数R2、CTL免疫竞争再生数R3和抗体免疫竞争再生数R4决定了模型的全局性态.若R0≤1,病毒在体内清除.若R0〉1,正解在R1≤1,R2≤1时趋于无免疫平衡点,在R1〉1≥R4时趋于CTL主导平衡点,在R2〉1≥R3时趋于抗体主导平衡点,在R3〉1且R4〉1时趋于正平衡点,获得了无病平衡点、无免疫平衡点、CTL主导平衡点、抗体主导平衡点和正平衡点全局渐近稳定的充分条件.