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101.
Jianqiang Qian Zhimin Liu Jean‐Hugues B. Hatier Bo Liu 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(2):305-315
Although the functions and characteristics of soil seed banks in topsoil layers have been described for various ecosystems, the spatiotemporal pattern of the seed bank in deep soil and its ecological implications for vegetation restoration of active sand dune have not been fully explored. In 2007 and 2008, seed densities with regard to dune position, soil depth and season were investigated on an active and a stabilized sand dune of northeastern Inner Mongolia, China. Seeds in the 0–10 cm topsoil layer accounted for 60% of total soil seed bank on the stabilized sand dune, while more than 40% of seeds were stored in the 50–100 cm layers on the active sand dune. Seed density declined significantly with soil depth on the stabilized sand dune, but it was relatively constant across the 0–100 cm soil profile on the active sand dune. Seed density fluctuated with soil depth on the active sand dune suggesting that seeds were either relocated upward or downward over time. Seeds of annual non‐psammophytic species accounted for the majority of soil seed bank on the stabilized sand dune, while pioneer psammophytes contributed more to the soil seed bank of the active sand dune. Our data suggest that seeds in the deep soil layers of active sand dunes account for a large proportion of the whole soil seed bank. Because of the effect of wind erosion, seeds in deep soil could be gradually exposed to shallow soil layers and potentially contribute to population recruitment and vegetation restoration on active sand dunes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
102.
This article introduces that there are good basic conditions and big development space for the industrialized housing development in Chongqing Municipality-the biggest municipality in the country.And it introduces the capabilities of horizontal transportation by land or sea and vertical lifting in Chongqing. And it puts forward that is more economical, reliable and safer than which has the advantages of best weight lifting capacity, service radium. Lifting height and smallest site occupation and the assemble of bigger components even the whole industrialised house. 相似文献
103.
《保鲜与加工》2002,(5):52-57
In this paper, a shaking table test for large-span underground structure is introduced. Based on the test, the frequency of inherent vibration, damping ratio and the dynamic response of the structure are studied. The response of the underground structure for vertical seismic excitation is studied as a key point. With the different imbedding depth, the influence of interaction of soil and structure on the earthquake-resistant capacity of the underground structure is discussed. 相似文献
104.
Nine populations of rye (Secale cereale L.; the cultivars ‘Kustro’, ‘Danko’ and ‘Carokurz’. a breeding population PA 14/75 and five Iranian primitive ryes) were tested with three or two pathotypes of powder)’ mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. secalis Marchal) to determine the frequencies of vertical resistances. Similarly, three populations of powder)’ mildew isolated from the above eultivars were tested with two rye pathodemes to estimate the frequencies of vertical virulences. Tests were carried out on leaf segments cultivated in vitro. To explain the pattern of the host-parasite interaction, a model with at least four resistance and virulence genes was required. In the rye populations the genotypes of most plants could be determined unambiguously whereas in the powdery mildew populations no unique classification of one-postule isolates was possible due to the limited number of rye differentials. Both the host and the pathogen populations were polymorphic for resistance and virulence, respectively. In all lye populations except PA 14/75 the resistance frequencies were low. In the mildew populations the virulence frequencies were high and complex races occurred rather frequently. The virulence frequencies were related to the resistance frequencies of the respective host population. Results were compared with mathematical host-parasite models accounting for gene-for-gene interaction and balancing natural selection. Observations agree well with theory. 相似文献
105.
Summary Six partially resistant spring barley cultivars were exposed to four barley leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) races in the field and in the greenhouse. The 24 cultivar-race combinations were tested in field plots of 1.5×1.5 m2 in two replications over two years. To reduce the interplot exchange of urediospores each plot was surrounded by winter rye.The level of barley leaf rust varied among cultivars, races and years. In both years the variance for cultivar-race interactions was highly significant and originating largely from the cultivar-race combinations Berac-22. Armelle-22, Armelle-A and Tyra-A. The Berac-22 interaction was towards higher, the other three interactions towards a lower level of barley leaf rust. The reduced rust levels of these three combinations were not due to interactions between the partial resistance of these cultivars and the aggressiveness of the races but to major genes for hypersensitivity not effective to the races 1-2-1 and F, common in Western Europe, but effective against the rare races 22 and A. This was revealed in the greenhouse experiments where all combinations had a susceptible infection type except Armelle-22, Armelle-A and Tyra-A, which showed low infection types in both the seedling and adult plant stages. The urediosori present in the field plots of these three combinations apparently arose from spores derived from other plots; this interplot interchange suggesting partial resistance.The interaction of Berac with race 22 truly was a small race-specific effect within the polygenic, partial resistance of barley to barley leaf rust like the one reported before between Julia and race 18. 相似文献
106.
107.
内蒙古西部黄土丘陵区土壤水分动态初探 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
通过对内蒙古西部黄土丘陵区土壤水分的初步研究,表明:该区土壤水分的垂直动态分布分为三个不同层次,即:水分不稳定层(0~40cm);中间过渡层(40~100cm);水分相对稳定层(100~200cm);旱作土壤水分的动态变化与降雨的变化基本一致;作物对土壤水分的消耗主要是当年降雨。 相似文献
108.
山区小流域自然资源垂直分异特征及其治理模式研究—以开县石碗溪流域为例 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
以开县石碗溪流域为例,论述了山区小流域自然资源的垂直分异特性,并在垂直分异的基础上,对该流域进行了综合分区,同时,结合成都山地灾害研究所在该地实施的生态项目,提出了垂直分异综合分区治理模式。 相似文献
109.
基于夏玉米冠层内辐射分布的不同层叶面积指数模拟 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
为了模拟夏玉米冠层内各层叶面积指数垂直分布,光合有效辐射(photosynthetically active radiation, PAR)是研究作物群体光合作用和长势的重要特征参数,阐明冠层内PAR的垂直分布规律与冠层结构等参数之间的相关关系,可为遥感定量反演冠层结构参数提供模型基础。该文基于PAR在冠层内的辐射传输规律结合冠层结构模拟不同太阳高度角的PAR透过率垂直分布模型,并用地面冠层分析仪测量值进行验证,结果表明模型对封垄前玉米抽雄期冠层内PAR透过率垂直分布模拟精度较高。通过不同太阳高度角PAR透过率的垂直分布模型结合消光系数运用不同算法分别反演层叶面积指数(leaf area index, LAI),并与不同高度层LAI实测值进行比较。结果显示:Bonhomme& Chartier算法反演不同高度层LAI精度较高,上层均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)为0.18,中层RMSE为0.55,下层RMSE为0.09。不同太阳高度角反演结果存在差异,30°和45°高度角均能较好地反演下层LAI,RMSE分别为0.11与0.09;30°高度角反演中层LAI精度较高,RMSE为0.30;45°高度角反演上层LAI精度较高,RMSE为0.18。结果表明基于不同太阳高度角构建的层LAI反演模型更适于实现夏玉米不同高度层LAI的遥感估算。该研究可为模拟垄行结构冠层内LAI垂直分布提供参考。 相似文献
110.
位于台风区海岸立式油罐的设计应考虑如下问题:风速的取值应以该地区台风风速作为瞬时风速计算瞬时风压值,若以30a 一遇时距为10min的基本风压计算除乘以转换系数K2外,宜加大20%-40%;罐底是否设置地脚螺栓应按风压引起的倾覆力矩校该其稳定稳定性,当倾覆力矩大于固定载荷抵抗力矩的三分之二时才考虎设置地脚螺栓;油罐盘梯方位应放在背风方位,盘梯结构应带有三角架及内外侧板结构,罐体的防腐应以防止海水中 相似文献